1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study uses tip sonication to exfoliate graphite in aqueous surfactant solutions, varying surfactant concentration (0.1–15 wt%), sonication power density (up to 420 W L?1), and time (up to 4 h). Dimensional analysis with Buckingham Pi theorem is employed to model the exfoliation process.

2：1–15 wt%), sonication power density (up to 420 W L?1), and time (up to 4 h). Dimensional analysis with Buckingham Pi theorem is employed to model the exfoliation process. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Natural graphite flakes (95% purity, 80 mesh) are purified and used. Surfactant solutions are prepared with Pluronic? F 127 in Milli-Q? water. Samples are drawn at intervals during sonication.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes a Microson Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor with a 3 mm tip, Varian Cary 100 Scan spectrophotometer, HORIBA/Jobin Yvon Raman Spectrometer (Model: LabRAM), Malvern Instruments Zetasizer Nano ZS, Q500 TGA instrument, Autosorb-1 by Quantachrome, Hitachi H-7000 TEM, Veeco Di NanoScope IIIa AFM. Materials include Pluronic? F 127, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Milli-Q? water.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Graphite is added to surfactant solutions, sonicated at controlled temperature (20°C), with samples centrifuged and characterized using UV-VIS, Raman spectroscopy, DLS, TGA, BET, TEM, and AFM.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data is analyzed using Beer-Lambert law for concentration, polynomial subtraction and Savitsky-Golay filter for Raman spectra, cumulant analysis for DLS, and BET theory for surface area.