研究目的
To investigate the effects of C-15A, ultrasonication duration, spinning speed and duration on the morphology of C-15A/PVDF thin films, β-phase, mechanical properties, wettability and piezoelectric coefficient based on L16 orthogonal array experimental design.
研究成果
The study successfully fabricated C-15A/PVDF nanocomposite thin films via spin coating, achieving up to 82.97% β-phase transformation with 5 wt% nanoclay, 35 min ultrasonication, and 500 rpm spinning speed, as confirmed by FTIR and XRD. However, the highest piezoelectric coefficient of -25 pC N?1 was obtained with 3 wt% nanoclay due to lower porosity. Wettability increased with nanoclay addition, reducing contact angle from 127° to 92°. ANOVA indicated nanoclay loading as the most significant factor. The research provides optimized parameters for enhancing piezoelectric properties in sensor applications, suggesting future work on reducing porosity and exploring other nanomaterials.
研究不足
The experiments were confined to spinning speeds between 400–700 rpm due to reduced β-phase outside this range. Increased porosity at higher nanoclay loadings (e.g., 7 wt%) hampered electrode deposition and reduced piezoelectric response. Ultrasonication duration showed no significant effect on β-phase, limiting further optimization. The study focused on specific parameters and materials, and results may not generalize to other fillers or fabrication methods.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
An L16 orthogonal array experimental design was used to study the effects of nanoclay loading (0, 3, 5, 7 wt%), ultrasonication duration (20, 25, 30, 35 min), and spinning speed (400, 500, 600, 700 rpm) on PVDF thin films. Spin coating was chosen for its advantages in inducing stretching effects and ease of operation under atmospheric conditions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
PVDF powder (Kynar 761 grade), N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, and Cloisite-15A nanoclay were used. Samples were prepared by dissolving PVDF in DMF, adding nanoclay, ultrasonicating, spin coating, and drying. Each combination was repeated 4 times, and average values were considered.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials included PVDF powder (Arkema, Kynar 761), DMF solvent (Bangalore Fine Chemicals), Cloisite-15A (Southern Clay Products, bulk density
4：66 g cc?1, platelet size 150–250 nm). Equipment included magnetic stirrer, ultrasonicator, spin coater, hot air oven, FTIR spectrometer (Cary 600 series), X-ray diffractometer (copper Kα source), piezoelectric coefficient meter (Piezotest PM300), SEM (JEOL JSM-5600LV), and goniometer (Dataphysics Goniometer SA20). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
PVDF/DMF solution (
5：12 wt%) was prepared by stirring at 50°C. Nanoclay was added and ultrasonicated for specified durations. The solution was spin coated at various speeds, dried at 70°C for 4 hours to form thin films (20–30 μm thickness). Films were poled using silver paint electrodes at 80 V/μm for 45 min. Characterization involved FTIR (600–2000 cm?1 range), XRD (3–60° scan range), piezoelectric coefficient measurement (110 Hz, 25 N force), SEM for morphology, and contact angle measurement (2 μl drop size). Data Analysis Methods:
β-phase content was calculated using FTIR absorbances at 763 and 840 cm?1 with Lambert-Beer law. ANOVA was performed to analyze the significance of factors on β-phase percentage. Normal probability plots and main effect plots were used for optimization.
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