研究目的
To find a method to determine the measurement volume of an optical instrument for particle measurement, specifically for the droplet imaging instrument (DII), by investigating the relationship between background light intensity and measurement range to improve accuracy in liquid water content (LWC) and droplet size measurements.
研究成果
The study demonstrates a clear relationship between background light intensity and the measurement range in shadowgraph imaging systems, enabling more accurate estimation of measurement volume with an average precision of 4% using a dual-term exponential fit. This can correct systematic errors in instruments like the DII, potentially increasing LWC measurements by approximately 4%. However, limitations include dependency on dot size and optical quality, necessitating further research with varied sizes and improved components for broader applicability.
研究不足
The study is limited to a single dot size (62.5 μm), so the findings may not generalize to other particle sizes without further validation. Optical errors, such as those observed with Camera 2, introduce uncertainties, and the model's accuracy depends on high-quality components and system-specific calibration. Overexposure and uneven illumination can affect results, and the method requires known true size and background brightness for precise volume determination.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a shadowgraph imaging system with various camera and lens configurations to measure the detection range of 62.5 μm dots under different lighting conditions. The method involves moving a test object in the z-direction using a translation stage and capturing images at each step, then processing images with edge detection to determine the measurement range based on background light intensity.
2：5 μm dots under different lighting conditions. The method involves moving a test object in the z-direction using a translation stage and capturing images at each step, then processing images with edge detection to determine the measurement range based on background light intensity. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: A dot grid glass test object with fixed 62.5 μm diameter dots and 125 μm spacing is used. Data is collected from images captured during controlled experiments with different illumination scenarios, including centered, misaligned, and diffused light.
3：5 μm diameter dots and 125 μm spacing is used. Data is collected from images captured during controlled experiments with different illumination scenarios, including centered, misaligned, and diffused light. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Includes cameras (uEye UI-3370CP-NIR and uEye UI-2250SE-M-GL), lenses (Opto Engineering TC4M004-C and Edmund Optics 110mm WD CompactTL), test object (Edmund Optics dot grid glass part number 58509), illumination (Mightex 455nm LED with collimation lens), diffusion sheet, translation stage, and micrometer clock gauge.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The test object is placed on a translation stage between the camera and illumination. It is moved in 1 μm or 5 μm steps in the z-direction, with one image captured per step. Images are processed using Laplacian of Gaussian edge detection to identify detectable dots, and background light intensity is measured for each dot position.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data is analyzed by creating histograms of detected dots per position, fitting a dual-term exponential model to relate measurement range to background light intensity, and calculating mean deviations and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) to assess precision.
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Camera
UI-2250SE-M-GL
uEye
Image capture with global shutter for comparison in different configurations.
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Camera
UI-3370CP-NIR
uEye
Image capture with global shutter for high-resolution imaging in the shadowgraph system.
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Lens
TC4M004-C
Opto Engineering
Telecentric lens with 4x magnification for symmetrical out-of-focus blurring and consistent field of view.
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Lens
110mm WD CompactTL, part number 63731
Edmund Optics
Telecentric lens with 1x magnification to increase measurement volume by enlarging field of view and depth of field.
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Test Object
Dot grid glass, part number 58509
Edmund Optics
Calibration object with fixed-size dots for measuring detection range and volume in the imaging system.
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LED
455nm LED with 22mm collimation lens
Mightex
Provides background illumination for shadowgraph imaging, with collimation for directed light.
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Micrometer Clock Gauge
Verifies the moving distance of the translation stage to ensure accurate step measurements.
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Translation Stage
Moves the test object in the z-direction with precise steps for image capture at different distances.
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Diffusion Sheet
Creates a more even light field in some scenarios to reduce optical errors and exclude other effects.
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