1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The paper reviews various hybridization techniques for quantum dots (QDs) with proteins, polysaccharides, polymers, lipids, and inorganic nanoparticles to create theranostic nanomedicines. Methods include chemical coupling, physical entrapment, encapsulation, and conjugation to improve biocompatibility, reduce toxicity, and enable targeted drug delivery and imaging.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Studies cited involve in vitro and in vivo experiments using cancer cell lines (e.g., MCF-7, HeLa, Panc-1) and animal models (e.g., mice) to assess cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, fluorescence imaging, and therapeutic efficacy.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Materials include various types of QDs (e.g., CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, InP/ZnS), biocompatible materials (e.g., proteins like albumin and gelatin, polysaccharides like chitosan and hyaluronic acid, polymers like PHEA and PLA-PEG, lipids like nanostructured lipid carriers), anticancer drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil), and functional agents (e.g., folic acid, gold nanoparticles). Equipment for characterization and imaging (e.g., fluorescence microscopes, lasers for photothermal therapy) is implied but not specified.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Procedures involve synthesis of nanohybrids (e.g., conjugation, encapsulation), cytotoxicity assays (e.g., MTT assay for cell viability), fluorescence imaging to track cellular uptake and biodistribution, and in vivo studies to evaluate tumor targeting and therapeutic effects. Specific steps vary by study, such as irradiation for photothermal therapy or enzymatic hydrolysis in tumor microenvironments.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Analysis includes quantitative assessment of fluorescence intensity, cell viability percentages, statistical comparisons, and imaging data interpretation to demonstrate efficacy and safety.