1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A retrospective study design was used, approved by the institutional review board. Methods included volumetric assessment of tumor volumes on MRI or CT, multimodal image registration with SPECT/CT, quantification of 90Y distribution as tumor-to-normal-liver-ratio (TNR), and response assessment using RECIST1.1 and qEASL criteria. Statistical tests such as Pearson correlation, linear regression, and Mann-Whitney-U test were employed.

2：1 and qEASL criteria. Statistical tests such as Pearson correlation, linear regression, and Mann-Whitney-U test were employed. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: The study included 38 patients with liver cancer (23 HCC and 15 non-HCC) who underwent 40 resin-based TARE treatments between August 2012 and January 2018. Patients were selected based on availability of pre-procedural MRI or CT and post-procedural SPECT within two hours after TARE. Tumors less than 1.5 cm in diameter were excluded due to partial volume effects.

3：Patients were selected based on availability of pre-procedural MRI or CT and post-procedural SPECT within two hours after TARE. Tumors less than 5 cm in diameter were excluded due to partial volume effects. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included 1.5-T MRI scanner (Magnetom Avanto; Siemens), multi-detector CT scanner (Siemens), dual-head SPECT/CT scanner (Symbia Truepoint; Siemens), and software such as MIM Encore (MIM Software Inc.), qEASL (Philips Healthcare), SPSS (IBM Corp.), and Prism. Materials included resin-based 90Y microspheres (SIR-Spheres; SIRTeX Medical Limited), contrast agents (e.g., gadolinium for MRI), and phantoms for calibration.

4：5-T MRI scanner (Magnetom Avanto; Siemens), multi-detector CT scanner (Siemens), dual-head SPECT/CT scanner (Symbia Truepoint; Siemens), and software such as MIM Encore (MIM Software Inc.), qEASL (Philips Healthcare), SPSS (IBM Corp.), and Prism. Materials included resin-based 90Y microspheres (SIR-Spheres; SIRTeX Medical Limited), contrast agents (e.g., gadolinium for MRI), and phantoms for calibration. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Patients underwent baseline multi-phasic contrast-enhanced MRI or CT. After TARE with 90Y microspheres, Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT was acquired within two hours. Image registration was performed using MIM software. Volumetric segmentations of tumors and liver lobes were done on baseline imaging and registered to SPECT. TNR was calculated based on counts from SPECT, and response was assessed on follow-up imaging.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, linear regression, Mann-Whitney-U test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Software used included SPSS v24.0 and Prism v7.0 for statistical computations.