研究目的
Investigating the enhancement of upconversion and downshifting emissions from Tm3+, Yb3+ co-doped CaZrO3 phosphor in the presence of alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+).
研究成果
The Na+ co-doped phosphor shows the highest enhancement in upconversion and downshifting emissions due to optimal charge compensation and increased asymmetry in the crystal field, making it suitable for blue and white light emitting applications. Future work could explore other hosts or dopant combinations for further optimization.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific dopant concentrations (1.0 mol% Tm3+, 3.0 mol% Yb3+, 10 mol% alkali ions) and the solid-state reaction method; other synthesis methods or concentrations may yield different results. The enhancement mechanisms rely on charge compensation and crystal field asymmetry, which may not be generalizable to other hosts. Lithium is not detected in EDS due to its small ionic radius, limiting full elemental analysis.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses solid-state reaction method for synthesis, with XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR absorption, upconversion and downshifting emission spectroscopy, and lifetime measurements to characterize the phosphors. Theoretical models include Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods for crystallite size calculation, and power dependence analysis for photon involvement.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples are synthesized with 1.0 mol% Tm3+, 3.0 mol% Yb3+ co-doped in CaZrO3, with and without 10 mol% alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+). Raw materials include CaCO3, ZrO2, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Li2CO3, K2O, Na2O from specified brands.
3：0 mol% Tm3+, 0 mol% Yb3+ co-doped in CaZrO3, with and without 10 mol% alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+). Raw materials include CaCO3, ZrO2, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Li2CO3, K2O, Na2O from specified brands. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes XRD machine (RINT/DMAX 2200 H/PC, Rigaku), SEM (JEOL-TM Model JSM 5410), FTIR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Frontier), UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 750), monochromator (Horiba JobinYvon iHR320), photomultiplier tube detector (model 1424M), digital oscilloscope (Hameg Instruments HM 1507), and FL-3 spectrometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon). Materials are as listed in synthesis.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involves mixing stochiometric amounts, heating at 1573 K for 5 hours, and crushing to powder. Characterization includes XRD for structure, SEM for morphology, EDS for elemental analysis, FTIR for vibrational groups, absorption spectra, upconversion emission with 980 nm laser, lifetime measurements, and downshifting emission with 277 and 360 nm excitations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analyzed using Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations for crystallite size, power law for photon number, exponential fitting for lifetime, and CIE coordinates for color analysis.
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X-ray diffraction machine
RINT/DMAX 2200 H/PC
Rigaku
Structural characterization using Cu Kα radiation
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Scanning electron microscopy unit
JSM 5410
JEOL-TM
Studying surface morphology
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Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
FT-IR/FIR spectrometer Frontier
Perkin Elmer
Studying vibrational groups
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UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer
Lambda 750
Perkin Elmer
Recording absorption spectra in diffuse reflectance mode
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Monochromator
iHR320
Horiba JobinYvon
Recording emission spectra
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Photomultiplier tube detector
1424M
Detecting emission signals
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Digital oscilloscope
HM 1507
Hameg Instruments
Monitoring decay for lifetime measurements
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Spectrometer
FL-3
Horiba Jobin Yvon
Monitoring excitation and emission spectra
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Diode laser
Excitation source for upconversion emission at 980 nm
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