研究目的
To investigate the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen (AP) using noble metal-loaded TiO2 photocatalysts under solar light, compare it with UV light, and study the effects of various operational parameters and degradation mechanisms.
研究成果
Noble metal-loaded TiO2 photocatalysts, especially Pt/TiO2, enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen under solar light across a range of pH conditions and in the presence of interferents. Degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and multiple hydroxylated intermediates were identified. Solar photocatalysis is a feasible method for AP degradation, though UV light remains more effective. The research highlights the potential for using solar energy in water remediation applications.
研究不足
The study used low metal loadings (1 wt%) which may be below detection limits for some characterization techniques. Solar light provided lower degradation rates compared to UV light due to lower photon energy. The presence of surfactants and excipients reduced degradation efficiency. The explanation for certain degradation products requires further investigation.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved preparing and characterizing Ag/TiO2, Au/TiO2, and Pt/TiO2 photocatalysts via photodeposition. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted under simulated solar light, direct sunlight, and UV light for comparison. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used for kinetic analysis, and degradation products were identified using GC and GC/MS after derivatization.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Acetaminophen (AP) solutions in deionized water were used as samples. Commercial Panadol drug was also tested to study the effect of excipients. Data on degradation were obtained from absorbance measurements at 243 nm and COD analysis.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included solar simulators, UV lamps, spectrophotometers, GC, GC/MS, XRD, TEM, EDX, FTIR, NMR spectrometers. Materials included TiO2 P25, AgNO3, HAuCl4·H2O, HPtCl6, acetaminophen, surfactants (CTAB, SDS), and derivatization agents like BSTFA+TMCS.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Photocatalysts were prepared by irradiating mixtures of TiO2 and metal precursors with a UV lamp. Degradation experiments involved irradiating AP solutions with catalysts, sampling at intervals, filtering, and analyzing absorbance or COD. For product identification, samples were derivatized and analyzed by GC/MS.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Kinetic analysis used pseudo-first-order models and Langmuir-Hinshelwood plots. Statistical analysis of degradation rates and product identification relied on spectral libraries and authentic standards.
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Transmission electron microscope
Tecnai G2 spirit
FEI
Acquired TEM images for nanoparticle size and dispersion analysis
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UV-Vis spectrophotometer
LAMBDA 750
PerkinElmer
Recorded UV-Vis spectra for optical properties
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FTIR spectrometer
Thermo-Nicolet-6700
Thermo
Collected FTIR spectra for functional group analysis
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Gas chromatograph
Trace Ultra
Thermo Scientific
Performed GC analyses for degradation product identification
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GC/MS system
7890B/5977A
Agilent
Performed GC/MS analyses for degradation product identification
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X-ray diffractometer
PW2103
Philips
Recorded XRD patterns for catalyst characterization
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Gas sorption apparatus
Nova 3200
Quantachrome
Obtained N2 sorption isotherms for surface area analysis
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NMR spectrometer
EM390
Varian
Recorded 1H NMR spectra at 90 MHz
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NMR spectrometer
Not specified
Bruker
Recorded 13C NMR spectra at 100 MHz
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Solar simulator
Not specified
Oriel, Newport
Provided simulated solar light for photocatalytic experiments
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Solar meter
91150V
Newport
Measured light intensity at reaction site
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UV lamp
450 W medium pressure mercury lamp
ACE glass Inc.
Provided UV light for photocatalytic experiments and catalyst preparation
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UV light meter
1219B70
Sper Scientific
Measured UV light intensity
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Membrane filter
0.2 μm
CHMLAB group
Used to filter samples to remove catalysts
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TiO2 P25
P25
Degussa
Used as the base photocatalyst material
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AgNO3
Not specified
Euromedex
Precursor for Ag loading on TiO2
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HAuCl4·H2O
Not specified
Electron Microscopy Sciences
Precursor for Au loading on TiO2
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HPtCl6
Not specified
BDH
Precursor for Pt loading on TiO2
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Acetaminophen
98%
Alfa Aesar
Target pollutant for degradation studies
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BSTFA+TMCS
99:1
Supelco
Derivatization agent for GC and GC/MS analysis
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