1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involves designing a reconfigurable metasurface with unit cells incorporating varactor diodes to control phase characteristics. The metasurface is used as a reflector and polarizer, with experiments conducted in an anechoic chamber using horn antennas and a network analyzer for measurements.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

A fabricated prototype metasurface composed of 30 columns with 30 unit cells each is used. Data is sourced from measurements of reflection coefficients and radiation patterns.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes an anechoic chamber, 2–18 GHz wideband horn antennas, an X-band horn antenna, a network analyzer, and Aeroflex MGV 125-08 varactor diodes. Materials include a low loss dielectric substrate ARLON AD450 with specific properties.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The metasurface is illuminated by a primary source (horn antenna), and reflection coefficients are measured for different bias voltages. For reflector functionality, phase gradients are applied to steer beams, and for polarizer functionality, phase differences are applied to generate circular polarization. Measurements involve setting up antennas at specific angles and using the network analyzer to capture data.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data analysis includes calculating phase gradients using the generalized law of reflection and refraction, and measuring radiation patterns to validate beam steering and polarization conversion.