1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study designed an aptasensor using time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) nanoparticles (NaYF4: Ce, Tb and NH2-Eu/DPA@SiO2 NPs) as signal probes and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) conjugated with aptamers as capture probes. The method leverages the long fluorescence lifetime of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles to eliminate background fluorescence interference and uses an avidin-biotin system for conjugation.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Maize samples were purchased from local markets and prepared using standard extraction methods. Synthetic mycotoxins (OTA, FB1, T-2, AFB1, OTB, ZEN) were used for specificity tests.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Key materials include Eu(NO3)3, EDC, DPA, NHS, TEOS, Tb(NO3)3·5H2O, Y(NO3)3·6H2O, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, APTES, FeCl3·6H2O, aptamers, cDNA, avidin, and various buffers. Equipment includes TEM (JEOL 2100F), FT-IR spectrophotometer (Nicolet Nexus 470), XRD (D8-advance), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1800), ultrasonic bath (KJ-300), and microplate reader (Synergy H1).

4：1). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis of MNPs, TRF-NPs, and their functionalization with avidin and aptamers/cDNA. Detection involves incubating samples with probes, magnetic separation, and measuring fluorescence at 544 nm (for FB1) and 618 nm (for OTA) using a microplate reader with specific delay and gate times.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Fluorescence intensities were measured, and calibration curves were established using linear regression. LODs were calculated based on standard deviation and blank signals. Specificity was assessed by comparing responses to non-target mycotoxins.