研究目的
Investigating the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method against gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
研究成果
Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method exhibit significant antibacterial activity, particularly against gram-negative bacteria, due to their nanoscale size and ability to generate reactive oxygen species, with potential applications in combating antibiotic resistance.
研究不足
The study may have limitations in generalizability to other bacterial strains or environmental conditions, and the synthesis method might not be optimized for scale-up or industrial applications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by co-precipitation method using zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide as precursors. Characterization methods included XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM with EDX. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration by broth dilution method.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Test organisms were Escherichia coli (MCC-2408), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC-426), Staphylococcus aureus (MCC-2412), and Streptococcus mutans (MTCC-497), procured from MCC, Pune, India and MTCC, Chandigarh, India. Media included Nutrient agar, Trypticase soy yeast extract agar, and Brain heart infusion agar from Hi-Media Pvt Ltd.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment: XRD-6100 diffractometer (Shimadzu), FT-IR Affinity-1S spectrometer (Shimadzu), UV-Visible Spectroscopy (JASCO V 670), SEM (EVO 18 carlzeiss), magnetic stirrer, muffle furnace. Materials: Zinc sulphate, Sodium hydroxide from Merck chemicals, distilled water, agar media.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved dissolving 1M zinc sulfate in distilled water, adding 2M sodium hydroxide dropwise with stirring for 2 hours, washing precipitate, drying at 80°C, and calcining at 700°C for 3 hours. Characterization steps included XRD analysis with Debye Scherrer's formula, FTIR in 400-4000 cm-1 range, UV-Vis in 200-800 nm range, SEM imaging, and EDX analysis. Antibacterial tests involved preparing bacterial suspensions, using agar well diffusion with nanoparticle concentrations from 10-50 mg/ml, incubating at 37°C for 24 hours, and measuring inhibition zones. MIC was determined by broth dilution with concentrations from 2-8 mg/ml, incubating overnight, and reading absorbance at 600 nm.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis included calculating crystallite size from XRD using Debye Scherrer's formula, interpreting FTIR peaks, measuring optical absorption, observing SEM morphology, and statistical analysis of inhibition zones and MIC values with mean±SD.
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XRD diffractometer
XRD-6100
Shimadzu
Used for phase identification and crystallite size analysis of ZnO nanoparticles.
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FT-IR spectrometer
IR Affinity-1S
Shimadzu
Used for molecular analysis and identification of functional groups in ZnO nanoparticles.
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UV-Visible Spectroscopy
V 670
JASCO
Used to characterize the optical absorption properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
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SEM
EVO 18
carlzeiss
Used for morphological study of ZnO nanoparticles, including EDX analysis for chemical composition.
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Magnetic stirrer
Used for constant stirring during the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.
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Muffle furnace
Used for calcining the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles at high temperature.
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Spectrophotometer
Used for reading absorbance in the broth dilution method to determine MIC.
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