1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employs a microwave-solvothermal (MW-ST) method for rapid synthesis of CIZS NCs using DDT as solvent and sulfur source, followed by ligand exchange with MUA for water solubility and conjugation with FA for tumor targeting. Theoretical models include bandgap engineering and colloidal synthesis chemistry.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Human epithelial ovarian cancer (Pa1) cells and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells are used for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. C57BL/6 mice are used for tumor models.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Includes microwave reaction system (Anton-Paar Multiwave PRO), XRD (Rigaku Ultima IV), XPS (PHOBIOS HSA3500 DLSEGD analyzer), HR-TEM (JEOL JEM-7100), FT-IR (Thermo Nicolet Model 6700), NMR (Bruker Avance-II 400 MHz), UV-vis (Varian Model 5000), PL and TRPL spectroscopy (Fluorolog – FL3-11), confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss LSM 700), flow cytometer (FACS Canto), IVIS Lumina III imaging system, ICP-MS (Teledyne Leeman Prodigy XP), and various chemicals like CuI, In(Ac)3, DDT, MUA, FA, EDC, NHS, etc.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis of DDT-functionalized CIZS NCs via MW-ST at 230°C for 5 min, purification, phase transfer to MUA-functionalized NCs, conjugation with FA using EDC/NHS coupling, in vitro cell viability and labeling studies, in vivo imaging in tumor-bearing mice, and various characterizations.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data analyzed using statistical methods (Student t-test) with OriginPro software, PLQY calculated using rhodamine 6G as standard, lifetime calculated from tri-exponential fits, and image analysis with Living Image Software.