研究目的
To develop a ratiometric fluorescence probe for monitoring endogenous hypochlorite in living cells.
研究成果
ZOC is an effective ratiometric probe for hypochlorite with high performance and a novel recognition mechanism, suitable for real-time detection in living cells.
研究不足
The probe showed higher targeting to lysosome and lipid droplets than mitochondria, which may limit mitochondrial-specific applications. The study was conducted in vitro and in cell lines; in vivo applications were not explored.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The probe ZOC was designed based on FRET and ICT platforms using coumarin as donor and pyridinium as acceptor. The synthesis involved multi-step organic reactions including condensation and cyclization. Fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used for characterization and detection.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Probe ZOC was synthesized and characterized. Hypochlorite solutions and other analytes (ROS, RNS, ions) were prepared from commercial chemicals. RAW 264.7 cells were used for bioimaging.
3:7 cells were used for bioimaging. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Instruments included Bruker Avance 300 MHz NMR spectrometer, Agilent Q-TOF6510 mass spectrometer, Hitachi U-4100 UV-Vis spectrophotometer, VERTEX 70 FT-IR spectrophotometer, XD-4 melting point apparatus, PHS-3C pH meter, Pekin-Elmer LS-55 fluorescence spectrometer, and LSM 700 confocal microscope. Materials included silica gel, solvents (DCM, ethanol, CH3CN, etc.), and chemicals for analyte preparation.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis of ZOC involved stepwise reactions monitored by TLC and purified by column chromatography. Spectroscopic measurements were conducted in PBS-ethanol buffer. Cell imaging involved culturing RAW 264.7 cells, incubation with probe and stimulants, and confocal microscopy.
5:7 cells, incubation with probe and stimulants, and confocal microscopy. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Fluorescence ratios (I478/I610) were calculated. Detection limit was determined using 3σ/s method. Energy transfer efficiency was calculated as E = 1 - FDA/FD. Statistical analysis included mean and standard deviation for cell imaging.
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NMR Spectrometer
Avance 300 MHz
Bruker
Used for obtaining 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra to characterize chemical structures.
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Mass Spectrometer
Q-TOF6510
Agilent
Used for mass spectrometry analysis to confirm molecular weights.
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UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
U-4100
Hitachi
Used for recording UV-Vis absorption spectra.
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FT-IR Spectrophotometer
VERTEX 70
Bruker Optics
Used for measuring IR spectra.
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Fluorescence Spectrometer
LS-55
Pekin-Elmer
Used for fluorescence spectra analysis.
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Melting Point Apparatus
XD-4
Used for recording melting points.
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pH Meter
PHS-3C
Used for pH calibration.
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Confocal Microscope
LSM 700
Used for laser scanning confocal imaging of cells.
ZEISS LSM 990 Spectral Multiplex
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Silica Gel
F254
Merck KGaA
Used for thin-layer chromatography.
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