研究目的
To study the degradation of tetracycline by silver vanadate (AgVO3), graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and their composites using visible light photocatalysis, and to investigate their structures, morphologies, and degradation intermediates.
研究成果
The Ag-AgVO3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation under visible light, with a degradation rate of 83.6% at 120 minutes and a reaction rate constant of 0.0298 min-1. The improvement is attributed to reduced gaps between nanorods, enhanced light absorption, and effective separation of photo-generated carriers. The composite showed good stability over multiple cycles, indicating potential for practical applications in antibiotic degradation. Future studies could optimize synthesis parameters and explore scalability for environmental remediation.
研究不足
The specific surface area of the composite (Ag-AgVO3/g-C3N4) was lower than that of g-C3N4 alone, which might limit adsorption capacity. The study focused on tetracycline degradation under laboratory conditions; real-world application in diverse environmental matrices was not addressed. The stability was tested for only three cycles; long-term durability under continuous use needs further investigation. The mechanism proposed is based on experimental observations and may require additional validation through advanced techniques.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used hydrothermal synthesis to prepare nanorod silver vanadate and composite materials with g-C3N4. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted under visible light irradiation using a xenon lamp. Characterization methods included XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and GC-MS for intermediate analysis.
2:Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted under visible light irradiation using a xenon lamp. Characterization methods included XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and GC-MS for intermediate analysis. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Samples included AgVO3, g-C3N4, and Ag-AgVO3/g-C3N4 composites. Tetracycline was used as the antibiotic pollutant, purchased from Bellingwerk, Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. with 97% purity. Data were collected from laboratory experiments and instrument analyses.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included magnetic mixer, multi-purpose vacuum pump for circulating water, constant temperature drying box (GZX-9240MBE), ultrasonic cleaner (KQ_400KDE), 300W xenon lamp (Beijing Pofley Co., Ltd.), 752N ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, XRD (ULTIMA IV-285E, Rigaku), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (U3010, Hitachi), FE-SEM (MERLIN, Germany), XPS (ESCALAB 250Xi, Thermo Science), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-5200, Shanghai metash), specific surface area analyzer (ASAP2020). Materials included silver nitrate, ammonium metavanadate, graphite-like carbon nitride, distilled water, and tetracycline.
4:0). Materials included silver nitrate, ammonium metavanadate, graphite-like carbon nitride, distilled water, and tetracycline. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: AgVO3 was synthesized by dissolving AgNO3 and NH4VO3 in distilled water, stirring magnetically for 4h, filtering, washing, and drying at 80°C. Composite preparation involved ultrasonicating g-C3N4 in water, adding AgNO3 and NH4VO3, stirring for 4h, filtering, washing, and drying. Photocatalytic degradation involved adding tetracycline and catalyst to a beaker, ultrasonicating, stirring in dark and under visible light, sampling at intervals, and measuring absorbance with a spectrophotometer.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order kinetic equation ln(C/C0) = kt for degradation rates. Instrument data (XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, UV-Vis) were interpreted to determine structure, morphology, composition, surface area, and optical properties. GC-MS was used to identify degradation intermediates.
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X-ray Diffractometer
ULTIMA IV-285E
Rigaku
Characterizing the structure and composition of catalysts using XRD analysis.
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Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
U3010
Hitachi
Determining optical absorption properties of catalysts.
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer
ESCALAB 250Xi
Thermo Science
Determining chemical morphology and valence states of elements on catalyst surfaces.
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Constant Temperature Drying Box
GZX-9240MBE
Drying synthesized samples at 80°C for 24 hours to obtain solid catalysts.
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Ultrasonic Cleaner
KQ_400KDE
Ultrasonication of g-C3N4 in distilled water for dispersion and preparation of composite catalysts.
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Xenon Lamp
300W
Beijing Pofley Co., Ltd.
Providing visible light irradiation for photocatalytic degradation experiments, with a filter wavelength of 410 nm.
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Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer
752N
Measuring absorbance of samples to determine tetracycline concentration during degradation.
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Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
MERLIN
Germany
Recording morphology and microstructure of composites.
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Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer
UV-5200
Shanghai metash
Analyzing concentration of catalyst during experiments.
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Specific Surface Area Analyzer
ASAP2020
Determining specific surface area of catalysts.
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Magnetic Mixer
Stirring solutions during synthesis and degradation experiments to ensure homogeneous reaction.
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Multi-purpose Vacuum Pump
Filtering solutions after synthesis to separate solids from liquids.
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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Analyzing degradation intermediates of tetracycline to propose degradation pathways.
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