1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved fabricating a conductive PCL/PPY/MWCNTs scaffold using electrospinning under specific conditions (high-voltage: 24 kV, flow rate:

2：4 ml/hr, distance:

120 cm, rotating disk speed: 2,500 rpm). Electrical stimulation was applied to TM‐MSCs seeded on the scaffold at 115 V/m, 100 Hz frequency for 10 min/day over 7 days. Methods included SEM, TEM, FT‐IR for scaffold characterization, and immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR for differentiation analysis.

3：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

TM‐MSCs were isolated and characterized based on a modified protocol. Scaffolds were fabricated from PCL, PPY, and MWCNTs. Data were derived from in vitro cell culture experiments.

4：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Electrospinning machine, SEM (AIS2100, Seron Technology), TEM, FT‐IR (Vector 22 Bruker), potentiostat-galvanostat (Zahner/Zennium, Gamry), electricity generating device (GW, INSTEK AFG‐2005), fluorescence microscopy (Olympus), spectrophometer (NanoDrop 2000), microplate reader (ELX800, BioTeK). Materials included PCL, PPY, MWCNTs (Sigma-Aldrich), solvents (dimethylformamide, chloroform), cell culture media (DMEM with FBS), antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), RNA extraction kit (SinaClon), cDNA synthesis kit (Takara), RT‐qPCR master mix (AMPLIQON).

5：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Scaffold fabrication via electrospinning; characterization using SEM, TEM, FT‐IR, and electrochemical studies; cell seeding on scaffolds in a bioreactor; electrical stimulation application; cell fixation and staining for SEM and immunofluorescence; RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and RT‐qPCR for gene expression analysis; MTT assay for cell viability.

6：Data Analysis Methods:

Gene expression analyzed using REST? software with RT‐qPCR data; statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05; immunofluorescence images analyzed by fluorescence microscopy; electrochemical data from CV and impedance spectra.