研究目的
To synthesize ternary nano-composites of polypyrrole/iron oxide/fly ash cenosphere (PPY/Fe3O4/FAC) and evaluate their photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic contaminants in water under visible light.
研究成果
The PPY/Fe3O4/FAC composites were successfully synthesized and characterized, with the 1:3 ratio showing the highest photocatalytic activity (78.8% for MO, 75% for BPA degradation, and 61.9% TOC removal). The synergistic effects of PPY (reducing band gap) and FAC (acting as a buoyant carrier) enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, making the composite a promising material for water treatment applications.
研究不足
The catalytic activity decreased upon reuse due to depletion of catalyst during washing and deactivation of active sites, attributed to the buoyant nature of FAC reducing active site regeneration. The TOC removal rate was lower than BPA degradation, indicating incomplete mineralization.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing PPY/Fe3O4/FAC composites via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with FeCl3 as the oxidant, incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles and fly ash cenosphere (FAC) as a buoyant carrier. The photocatalytic activity was assessed under visible light irradiation using a halogen lamp.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Composites were prepared with varying ratios of Fe3O4 and FAC (1:1, 1:2, 1:3). Organic contaminants used were Methyl Orange (MO) dye and Bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions.
3：3). Organic contaminants used were Methyl Orange (MO) dye and Bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S FT-IR spectrometer, Physical Electronics PHI VersaProbe 5000 XPS spectrometer, Rigaku Ultima IV XRD, Carl Zeiss EVO 18 SEM, Hitachi UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and a photocatalytic quartz reactor with a 500 W halogen lamp (Philips India). Materials included FeCl3·6H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, NaOH, HCl, pyrrole, BPA, and MO.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via co-precipitation, PPY via oxidative polymerization, and PPY/Fe3O4/FAC composites by sonicating FAC and Fe3O4 in deionized water, adding pyrrole, and then FeCl3 for polymerization. Photocatalytic tests involved stirring catalyst suspensions with pollutant solutions in dark for adsorption-desorption equilibrium, followed by visible light exposure, sampling at intervals, centrifugation, and UV-Vis analysis.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Photodegradation kinetics analyzed using pseudo-first-order rate constants from ln(C0/C) vs. time plots. Band gaps calculated using Tauc plots. Characterization data interpreted via XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, and TEM.
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FT-IR Spectrometer
IRAffinity-1S
Shimadzu
To obtain FT-IR spectra for chemical characterization of samples in KBr pellet mode.
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XRD
Ultima IV
Rigaku
To analyze crystal structure and confirm composite formation using X-ray diffraction.
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SEM
EVO 18
Carl Zeiss
To observe surface morphology of the samples.
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XPS Spectrometer
PHI VersaProbe 5000
Physical Electronics
To study oxidation states and binding energies of elements in the composites.
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UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
Hitachi
To measure absorbance of organic pollutants for photocatalytic degradation studies.
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Halogen Lamp
Philips India
To provide visible light irradiation for photocatalytic experiments.
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