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Ultrathin Tellurium Oxide/Ammonium Tungsten Bronze Nanoribbon for Multi-Modality Imaging and Second Near-Infrared Region Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Developing nano-photothermal agents (PTAs) with satisfied photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) in the second NIR window (1000-1350 nm, NIR II) holds great promise for enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. Herein, we develop a NIR-II PTA with advanced PTCE, based on a new two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin tellurium oxide/ammonium tungsten bronze (TeO2/(NH4)xWO3) nanoribbons (TONW NRs). The doped ammonia ions mediated-free electrons injection into the LUMO band of WO3 combined with the electronic transitions between W6+ ions and the lone pair of electrons in Te atoms achieve excellent NIR absorption of TONW NRs resulted from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The polyethylene glycol functionalized TONW NRs (PEG-TONW NRs) exhibit good stability and biocompatibility, displaying a PTCE high to 43.6%, surpassing many previous nano-PTAs active in the NIR II region, leading to remarkable tumor ablation ability both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, advanced X-ray computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging capability of PEG-TONW NRs were also realized. Given the admirable photothermal effect in NIR II region, good biocompatibility and advanced CT/PA imaging diagnosis capability, the novel PEG-TONW NRs is promising in future personalized medicine application.
关键词： photothermal therapy,multimodal imaging,tellurium oxide,two-dimensional nanomaterials,ammonium tungsten bronze,the second NIR window
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Pulsed Current Activated Sintering of Nanostructured ZrO <sub/>2</sub> and 3YSZ and Their Mechanical Properties
摘要： As nanostructured materials possess high strength, high hardness, excellent ductility and toughness, undoubtedly, more attention has been paid for the application of nanomaterials. When conventional sintering processes are used to sinter nano-sized zirconia powders, concomitant grain growth leads to the destruction of the nanostructure. This focuses attention on consolidation methods in which grain growth can be eliminated or significantly reduced. To accomplish this, rapid sintering methods have been widely used to sinter nano-sized powders. Nanopowders of ZrO2 and 3YSZ were fabricated and rapidly consolidated using high-energy ball milling and the pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS). The sintering behavior and crystallite size ZrO2 and 3YSZ powders were evaluated. A nanostructured dense 3YSZ compact with a relative density of up to 99% was readily obtained within one min. The hardness and fracture toughness of ZrO2 and 3YSZ sintered from powders milled for 10 h were 450 and 1160 kg/mm2, 3 and 4.4 MPa · m1/2. Not only hardness but also fracture toughness of 3YSZ are higher than those of ZrO2.
关键词： ZrO2,3YSZ,Mechanical Properties,Nanomaterials,Sintering
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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TiO2 Nanotubes with Nanograss Structure: The Effect of the Anodizing Voltage on the Formation Mechanism and Structure Properties
摘要： Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) with a nanograss structure were synthesized in a fluoride organic electrolyte based on ethylene glycol under a potentiostatic anodization regime. By varying the anodization voltage, significant morphological differences were obtained, and the upper NTs’ surface has a nanograss appearance caused by the thinning of top tube walls, the result of the vertical splitting mechanism of nanograss growth. The samples were characterized using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, UV–visible spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky (MS) analysis. The obtained results show that samples annealed at 500°C for 3 h crystallized into anatase form and displayed the apparition of rutile phase at higher anodization voltage, where the morphology was significantly improved with thicker tube walls. The MS measurement of all samples displays a n-type semiconductor nature and the flat band potential (Ufb) takes less negative values by the increasing anodization voltage. As a result, TiO2 NTs with a nanograss structure expedite electron–hole separation, therefore, providing a lower recombination rate.
关键词： nanograss,TiO2 nanotubes,anodization process,nanomaterials,properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis, and Therapy || Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
摘要： Chemical functionalization of nanomaterials is important to control their physical properties. Since their applications frequently require the homogeneity in the physical properties of the components, many precise functionalization methods for nanomaterials have been developed in view of their applications from electronics and optics to biomedicine. Nanomedicine has been attracting growing interest in terms of therapy and diagnosis, or so called theranostics. In the field, nanomaterials play a key role and hence they are chemically functionalized frequently to meet the requirements for the purpose. In the nanomaterial‐based drug delivery system (DDS), for example, the following functions are required: the nanodrug has to disperse well in the blood to avoid embolism; circulate throughout the body to avoid leaking from the pores in the blood vessel and trapping in the reticuloendothelial system; accumulate in the targeting organ or tissue; and finally, release the loaded drug. Among the nanomaterials in the DDS, carbon nanomaterials have the following characteristic properties: (i) basically inert, but functionizable at the functional groups such as carboxylic and hydroxyl ones on the surface, edge, and defect through organic transformation; (ii) variety of options in terms of shapes including zero‐dimensional (0D, fullerenes), one‐dimensional (1D, carbon nanotubes, CNTs), two‐dimensional (2D, graphene, G), and three‐dimensional (3D, nanodiamond, ND); (iii) commercially available; and (iv) fluorescence emission from semiconducting SWNTs, relatively small size graphenes and color center in ND. The carbon nanomaterials discussed in this chapter are graphene (Section 10.2) and ND (Sections 10.3 and 10.4). Graphene has a flat and hydrophobic surface consisting of sp2 carbons. It exhibits high affinity to the flat molecules, including π‐electrons such as triphenylene, as we reported quite recently. Therefore, it has been utilized as carrier for anti‐cancer drugs with flat and hydrophobic properties. In addition, it can work as photosensitizer in photothermal therapy, making it more fascinating as a bifunctional material in cancer therapy. However, the graphene‐based carriers that have been used so far are graphene oxide (GO), because the carrier is required to have sufficient dispersibility in a physiological environment. The direct use of pristine graphene as a drug carrier, which will be described below, is the first example, as far as we know. On the other hand, ND has been reported to be low toxicity or even nontoxic nanomaterial. It is composed of the curved surface and core, not the flat surface and edge for graphene. As in the case of edge and defect in graphene, the ND surface is covered with various functional groups such as carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. Although ND is categorized as an inorganic nanomaterial due to its robustness and chemical stability, the surface functionalities impart the organic characteristics to ND, enabling the control of the physical property by controlling the surface functionality. Recently, surface chemical functionalization of ND has been actively investigated in view of its applications. In this chapter (Sections 10.3 and 10.4), chemical functionalization on ND for drug carrier will be described; the requisite functions of aqueous dispersibility, targeting specificity, and cytotoxicity are imparted to ND through stepwise surface chemical functionalization. This chapter covers synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the following three nanodrugs: chlorin e6 (Ce6)‐loaded graphene for cancer phototherapy; Pt drug‐loaded nanodiamond for cancer chemotherapy; and DNA‐loaded nanodiamond for gene therapy.
关键词： nanodiamond,functionalization,drug delivery,graphene,phototherapy,chemotherapy,carbon nanomaterials,gene therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optical aptasensor based on silver nanoparticles for the colorimetric detection of adenosine
摘要： A new and straightforward optical sensor for the colorimetric determination of adenosine (AD) in human urine samples was developed. The sensor comprised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as colorimetric elements and anti-AD aptamer (AP) as a recognition probe. In a solution containing AD and high concentration of NaCl, due to the unique binding of AD with AP, the aggregated metal nanomaterials dispersed in the solution, and the color intensity of the solution was changed accordingly. The absorbance of the solution was monitored for AD quantification. The method was applicable for the determination of AD in the concentration range of 60–280 nM with the detection limit of 21 nM. The relative standard deviation ranged from 4.8 to 8.8% for six replicates. The method showed excellent selectivity toward AD checked over some probable interfering compounds. To investigate the performance of AgNPs, the analytical characteristics of the method including linear range, detection limit, selectivity, and precision were compared with those obtained by a common AuNPs-based aptasensor. The reliability of the method was further ascertained for the detection of AD in urine samples of two lung cancer patients with percentage recoveries in the range of 98–107%.
关键词： Adenosine,Silver nanomaterials,Colorimetric,UV–vis absorption spectroscopy,Aptamer
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Enhanced photoacoustic and photothermal effect of functionalized polypyrrole nanoparticles for near-infrared theranostic treatment of tumor
摘要： Functionalized nanomaterials with near-infrared (NIR) responsive capacity are quite promising for theranostic treatment of tumors, but formation of NIR responsive nanomaterials with enhanced theranostic ability and excellent biocompatibility is still very challenging. Herein, PEGylated indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPI NPs) were designed and successfully formed through selecting polydopamine as the linkage between each component, demonstrating enhanced NIR responsive theranostic ability against tumor. Combining in vitro cell study with in vivo assay, the formed PPI NPs were proved being fantastic biocompatible while effectively internalizing in HeLa cells and retaining in HeLa tumor demonstrated by in vitro flow cytometry/confocal measurement and in vivo photoacoustic imaging assay. With the guidance of photoacoustic imaging, successful photothermal ablation of tumor was achieved when treating with PPI NPs plus laser, which was much more effective than the group treated with NPs free of ICG. The greatly combined enhanced photoacoustic and photothermal effect is mainly ascribed to the functionalized polypyrrole nanoparticles, which could accumulate in tumor site more effectively with a relative longer retention time taking advantage of the nanomaterial-induced endothelial leakiness phenomenon. All these results demonstrate the designed PPI NPs possess enhanced NIR responsive property are to hold a great promise for tumor NIR theranostic applications.
关键词： polypyrrole nanoparticles,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy,Functionalized nanomaterials,near-infrared (NIR) responsive,theranostic treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanohybrid Materials based on the Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Decorated by Silver Nanoparticles
摘要： In this paper, nanohybrid materials were developed by the decoration of the support material, currently called graphene oxide (GO). These materials were further functionalized and decorated with sulfonic and silver, respectively. The functionalization process involves a covalent and non-covalent linking in which the chemical sulfonation and solvothermal reactions are implicated, respectively. The structure of the graphene oxide (GO) was used as the starting material to develop sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO), sulfonated non-reduced and reduced graphene oxide in which the silver nanoparticles (SGOAg, SrGOAg) were incorporated. These materials were identified using different characterization techniques. The TEM images and X-ray spectra confirmed the high degree of oxidation despite the decrease of the crystallite size. The TEM images also showed a uniform distribution of the silver nanoparticles on the surface of GO sheets. Furthermore, FTIR, XRF and TGA confirmed the linking of the sulfonic groups to the surface of GO. These new materials were as well characterized by atomic force microcopy (AFM), which was used to explore the morphological states of SGOAg and SrGOAg samples. The solubility and stability of these nanomaterials in water were estimated via zeta potential analyses.
关键词： nanomaterials,Nanohybrid,graphene oxide,sulfonation,covalent and non-covalent attachments
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Supramolecular Photothermal Nanomaterials as an Emerging Paradigm toward Precision Cancer Therapy
摘要： The concept of the “supramolecular photothermal effects” refers to the collection property and photothermal conversion efficiency resulting from the supramolecular assembly of molecular photothermal sensitizers. This review considers organic supramolecular photothermal materials assembled at the nanoscale via various molecular self-assembly strategies and associated with the organization of multiple noncovalent interactions. In these materials, the individual photosensitizer molecules are typically aggregated through self-assembly in a certain form that exhibits enhanced biostability, increased photothermal conversion efficiency with photoluminescence quenching, and improved photothermal therapeutic effects in comparison with those of the monomeric photosensitizer molecules. These supramolecular photothermal effects are controlled or influenced by intermolecular noncovalent interactions, especially the hydrophobic effects, which are distinct from the mechanisms of conventional sensitizer molecules and polymers and inorganic photothermal agents. A focus lies on how self-assembly strategies give rise to supramolecular photothermal effects, including polymer and protein fabrication, small molecule self-assembly, and the construction of donor–acceptor binary systems. Emphases are placed on the rational design of supramolecular photothermal nanomaterials, drug delivery, and in vivo photothermal therapeutic effects. Finally, the key challenges and promising prospects of these supramolecular photothermal nanomaterials in terms of both technical advances and clinical translation are discussed.
关键词： photothermal therapy,nanomaterials,cancer therapy,supramolecular photothermal effects,self-assembly
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Soluble and insoluble polymer-inorganic systems based on poly(methyl methacrylate), modified with ZrO2-LnO1.5 (Ln = Eu, Tb) nanoparticles: Comparison of their photoluminescence
摘要： The study of the lanthanide ion luminescence as a function of their environment in polymer-inorganic composites is necessary for better understanding of the electron energy transfer processes in a condensed state. From a practical point of view, these materials are promising for optics and medicine. The nanoparticles of ZrO2-LnO1.5 (Ln = Eu, Tb) solid solutions were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The surface functionalization of the obtained nanoparticles by vinyl groups was carried out using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. Soluble and cross-linked composites based on poly(methyl methacrylate) with ZrO2-LnO1.5 nanoparticles were synthesized using radical polymerization in solution and bulk. Molecular weight, thermal stability, and microhardness of the obtained composite materials were determined. The influence of both the polymerization conditions and the forming composite structure on the lanthanide ion photoluminescence in ZrO2 nanoparticles covalently bonded to the polymer matrix was studied. The combination of ZrO2-EuO1.5 and ZrO2-TbO1.5 nanoparticles in the poly(methyl methacrylate) resulted in the production of composites with photoluminescence spectra overlapping the red and green regions of the visible range. It was shown that the structure of the composite affects the absorbing capacity of luminescent centers and allows shifting the excitation spectrum in the longer wavelength region.
关键词： hydrothermal synthesis,poly(methyl methacrylate),rare-earth ions,solid solutions,zirconia,hybrid nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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A sensitive colorimetric probe for detection of 6-thioguanine based on its protective effect on the silver nanoprisms
摘要： In this work a non-aggregated colorimetric probe for detection of chemotherapeutic drug, 6–thioguanine (6-TG), is introduced. It is based on the protective effect of 6-TG on silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs) against the iodide-induced etching reaction. Iodide ions can attack the corners of AgNPRs and etch them, leading to the morphological transition from nanoprisms to nanodiscs. As a consequence, the solution color changes from blue to pink. However, in the presence of 6-TG, due to its protective effect on the corners of AgNPRs, I- ions cannot etch the prisms and the blue color of solution remains unchanged. Using this effect, selective sensor was designed for detection of 6–TG in the range of 2.5-500 μg L-1, with a detection limit of 0.95 μg L-1. Since with varying the concentration of 6-TG in this range, the color variation from pink to blue can be easily observed, the designed sensing scheme can be used as a colorimetric probe. The method was used for analysis of human plasma samples.
关键词： Anti-cancer drugs,Anisotropic nanoparticles,Surface plasmon resonance,Nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21