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Small Aircraft Infrared Radiation Measurements Supporting the Engine Airframe Aero-thermal Integration
摘要： The large, EU Supported ESPOSA (Efficient Systems and propulsion for Small Aircraft) project has developed new small gas turbines for small aircraft. One of the important tasks was the engine - airframe aero-thermal radiation integration that included task of minimizing the infrared radiation of the small aircraft, too. This paper discusses the factors influencing on the aircraft infrared radiation, its possible simulation and measurements and introduces the results of small aircraft infrared radiation measurements. The temperature of aircraft hot parts heated by engines were determined for validation of methodology developed and applied to engine - aircraft thermal integration.
关键词： aircraft,engine - airframe thermal integration,radiation measurements,infrared radiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - High-Efficiency Weight-Optimized Fault-Tolerant Modular Multi-Cell Three-Phase GaN Inverter for Next Generation Aerospace Applications
摘要： The aircraft industry demands a significant increase in terms of efficiency and gravimetric power density of power converters for next generation aerospace applications. Between the two minimum targets, i.e. an efficiency > 98 % and a gravimetric power density > 10 kW/kg, the specification concerning the converter weight is the most challenging to fulfill. Since cooling systems and magnetic components dominate the weight breakdown of conventional converter concepts, multi-cell topologies, enabling improved semiconductors performance and reduced filtering requirements, are foreseen as promising solutions for the power electronics on board of More Electric Aircraft. On the other hand, the necessary simultaneous operation of a high number of cells inevitably limits the reliability of multi-cell converters if redundancy is not provided. In this paper, a favorable scaling trend of power density with respect to reliability, aiming to guarantee fault-tolerant operation without affecting the performance figures, is identified in modular multi-cell converters. Thus, a 45 kW weight-optimized modular multi-cell three-phase inverter featuring a redundant power stage is optimized, achieving an efficiency of 99 % and a gravimetric power density of 22.8 kW/kg.
关键词： Multi-Objective Optimization,Figure of Merit of Power Semiconductors,Power Converters Reliability,Modular Multi-Cell Inverter,More Electric Aircraft
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) - Atlanta, GA, USA (2018.10.31-2018.11.2)] 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) - EMI Analysis of a High Power Silicon Carbide Two-level Inverter
摘要： Successive generations of aircraft demand more electrical energy as pneumatic and hydraulic systems are replaced with electrical components. The more electric aircraft (MEA) transformation aims to improve fuel economy, increase reliability, and lower operating costs. To fully enjoy the benefits of an additional improvements in the power density of the electrical distribution system are required. Silicon carbide (SiC) devices have many advantages over their silicon (Si) counterparts that can lead to improvements in the power density. However, their characteristically switching speeds can result in higher levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI). This research compares the performance of two high power three phase inverters; one is built from SiC MOSFETs and the other from Si IGBTs. The efficiency and conducted EMI are measured at a DC bus of 540 V and an output power exceeding 25 kW.
关键词： Silicon Carbide,Electromagnetic Interference (EMI),More Electric Aircraft
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM) - Nagoya (2018.8.29-2018.8.31)] 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics:Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM) - The R&D of Low-Profile Electronically Scanned Array Antenna for Aircraft
摘要： Demand has been increasing for better mobile phone and Internet access for people on board aircraft. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) research and develop the high performance active electronically scanned array (AESA) antenna for regional jet in Ka band. This report shows the results that 16 elements array antenna was fabricated and evaluated as a fundamental study of the transmission side configuration of AESA for aircraft.
关键词： Aircraft,Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Antenna,Ka-bands
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Imaging-Based Nearshore Bathymetry Measurement Using an Unmanned Aircraft System
摘要： An imaging-based method to estimate the nearshore bathymetry in the surf zone is described. The method uses imagery collected by an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), or a consumer drone. The UAS was flown over the area of interest to record video, and a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was then applied to analyze the image frames to retrieve the wave celerity. Using the shallow water approximation to the linear-wave dispersion relation, wave celerity from the imagery could be used to deduce the local water depth. After combining the water depth inversion at multiple points from within the area of interest, the bathymetry was constructed. To validate the method, water depths from 25 spatial points were surveyed with a total station during a trial in the nearshore surf zone at Freeport, Texas. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) was estimated as 0.132 m. By minimizing the RMSE, the correction factor that accounts for the wave nonlinearity in estimating wave celerity was estimated as 1.02. This new and simple approach provides simultaneous measurement of bathymetry and surface velocity field mainly in the surf zone, where breaking/broken waves and energetic sediment transport frequently dominate, and does not require a high-end UAS, resulting in greater flexibility in sampling across space and time.
关键词： Particle image velocimetry,Remote sensing,Nearshore bathymetry,Unmanned aircraft system
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Fiber Bragg Gratings Sensors for Aircraft Wing Shape Measurement: Recent Applications and Technical Analysis
摘要： The safety monitoring and tracking of aircraft is becoming more and more important. Under aerodynamic loading, the aircraft wing will produce large bending and torsional deformation, which seriously affects the safety of aircraft. The variation of load on the aircraft wing directly affects the ground observation performance of the aircraft baseline. To compensate for baseline deformations caused by wing deformations, it is necessary to accurately obtain the deformation of the wing shape. The traditional aircraft wing shape measurement methods cannot meet the requirements of small size, light weight, low cost, anti-electromagnetic interference, and adapting to complex environment at the same time, the fiber optic sensing technology for aircraft wing shape measurement has been gradually proved to be a real time and online dynamic measurement method with many excellent characteristics. The principle technical characteristics and bonding technology of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) are reviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of other measurement methods are compared and analyzed and the application status of FBG sensing technology for aircraft wing shape measurement is emphatically analyzed. Finally, comprehensive suggestions for improving the accuracy of aircraft wing shape measurement based on FBG sensing technology is put forward.
关键词： accuracy,aircraft,FBGs,wing shape measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Infrared-based Autonomous Navigation for Civil Aircraft Precision Approach and Landing
摘要： Precise navigation is a fundamental problem of aircraft safety approach and landing. However, existing methods including rotorcraft-based and fixed-wing-based cannot meet the requirements of precision approach and landing of civil aircraft in Global Position System (GPS)-denied and low visibility. This paper proposes an autonomous approach and landing navigation method whose accuracy is comparable to Inertial/ Differential GPS (DGPS) integration. This method integrates inertial data, forward looking infrared (FLIR) images and runway geographic information to estimate kinetics states of aircraft during approach and landing. Firstly, we improve an existing method to robustly detect runway, accurately extract three vertexes of runway contour from FLIR images, and synthetize virtual runway features by runway geo-information and aircraft’s pose parameters. Secondly, we propose to use real and synthetic runway features to create vision cues and integrate them with inertial data in Square-root Unscented Kalman Filter (SR-UKF) to estimate motion errors. Meanwhile, the measured motion states are corrected with the estimated state errors. Finally, we design a flight data acquisition platform equipped on a general aircraft, and use the real flight data to verify our proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can run smoothly for civil aircraft precision approach and landing.
关键词： approach and landing,runway detection,Civil aircraft,infrared image,autonomous navigation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Autonomous Landing Control of Highly Flexible Aircraft based on Lidar Preview in the Presence of Wind Turbulence
摘要： This paper investigates preview-based autonomous landing control of a highly ?exible ?ying wing model using short range Lidar wind measurements in the presence of wind turbulence. The preview control system is developed based on a reduced-order linear aeroelastic model and employs a two-loop control scheme. The outer loop employs the LADRC (linear active disturbance rejection control) and PI algorithms to track the reference landing trajectory and vertical speed, respectively, and to generate the attitude angle command. This is then used by the inner-loop using H∞ preview control to compute the control inputs to the actuators (control ?aps and thrust). A landing trajectory navigation system is designed to generate real-time reference commands for the landing control system. A Lidar (light detection and ranging) simulator is developed to measure the wind disturbances at a distance in front of the aircraft, which are provided to the inner-loop H∞ preview controller as prior knowledge to improve control performance. Simulation results based on the full-order nonlinear ?exible aircraft dynamic model show that the preview-based landing control system is able to land the ?ying wing effectively and safely, showing better control performance than the baseline landing control system (without preview) with respect to landing effectiveness and disturbance rejection. The control system’s robustness to measurement error in the Lidar system is also demonstrated.
关键词： H∞ preview control,Highly ?exible aircraft,Lidar wind measurements,turbulence landing,autonomous landing control
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - UV-stable surface passivation for crystalline silicon cells in solar modules with UV light transmitting encapsulation materials
摘要： This letter is concerned with experimental results of aircraft positioning by using terrestrial digital broadcasting signal delay. Passive bistatic radar (PBR) is expected to be a conventional primary surveillance radar alternative, and it can also achieve expanding coverage area of the conventional radar. The PBR sensors allow the detection and tracking of noncooperative targets illuminated by transmitters of opportunity such as communication systems [digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB), AM/FM, 3G/LTE base stations, etc.] or conventional radar system. Especially, the DTTB signals are the most expected radio waves. In this letter, we show experimental results of aircraft positioning by using the signal delay profile of DTTB whose type is Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting–Terrestrial (ISDB-T) used in Japan. It will be shown that the ISDB-T signal delays are useful surveillance systems.
关键词： digital terrestrial television broadcasting,multistatic primary surveillance radar (MSPSR),Aircraft surveillance,signal delay,passive bistatic radar,Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting–Terrestrial
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Energy, Environment, and Sustainability] Sensors for Automotive and Aerospace Applications || Energy Harvesting Techniques for Powering Wireless Sensor Networks in Aircraft Applications: A Review
摘要： In the recent years, wireless sensors (WS) have utilized for various structural applications such as structural health monitoring and ?ight tests. The conventional battery system to power these sensors is inef?cient due to several limitations including heavyweight, large size, less power output, short cycle life, and requirement of their replacements. Therefore energy harvesting systems are gaining much research attention to build the self-powered WS. The energy harvesting unit can directly extract the energy from the local environment such as pressure, vibration, wind, thermal gradients and the solar source. The reported energy harvesting methods are piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, electro-magnetic, and magnetostrictive. This review focuses on the different energy harvesting techniques and challenges of their integration with the WS for the aircraft applications.
关键词： Energy harvesting,Structural health monitoring,Wireless sensors,Aircraft structures
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01