- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
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Fabrication of flexible and bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell with superstrate-type structure using a lift-off process
摘要： Flexible and bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell with superstrate-type structure utilizing ethylene tetra-fluoroethylene (ETFE) was fabricated by a lift-off process. The advantages of the lift-off process performed under low temperature (below 100 °C) are to allow to deposit the CIGS layer under high temperature and to use ETFE as superstrate. The superstrate-type structure consists of ETFE/epoxy glue/ZnO:Al (AZO)/ZnO/CdS/CIGS/back contact, where the bilayer of ultra-thin 5-nm-thick Au/400-nm-thick AZO was used as the back contact. The optical and electrical properties of the bilayer of ultra-thin Au/400-nm-thick AZO were examined for the suitable back contact. It is determined that the transmittance of the bilayer of the ultra-thin 5-nm-thick Au/AZO is reasonably suitable in view of optical property. The ohmic-like characteristic at the CIGS/ultra-thin 5-nm-thick Au/AZO interface is attained. Consequently, the flexible and bifacial CIGS solar cell is realized by a lift-off process with conversion efficiency values of 6.2% for the frontside illumination and 0.9% for the backside illumination.
关键词： ETFE film,Superstrate-type structure,Flexible and bifacial solar cell,Copper indium gallium selenide,Lift-off process
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Experimental Study of the Spectral and Angular Solar Irradiance
摘要： We developed an experimental set-up and procedure to measure spectral and angular solar irradiance to accurately predict and optimize solar power plant performance. The set-up is comprised of a fiber coupled spectrometer mounted to a rotational stage which allows for 360? light capture. The lightweight and flexible design enables irradiance measurements at any location. Measurements were taken in Enschede, Netherlands and in Phoenix, AZ, USA. We find a strong location, dependence of spectro-angular irradiance on the surroundings and cloud coverage which needs to be considered when modelling and optimizing location dependent solar power plant output.
关键词： spectral albedo,Bifacial solar cells,spectral and angular irradiance,solar irradiance measurements
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Angular Dependence of Textured Bifacial Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells for High Latitudes
摘要： Bifacial photovoltaics at high latitudes can achieve up to 25-45% bifacial gain due to high-albedo snow cover and high proportion of diffuse light. We studied the angular performance of bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells with various textures to understand high-latitude effects on optical losses. For cone and pyramid-patterned designs, efficiency decreases at high angles, primarily due to increased reflectivity, although longer path length through front-surface films also increases UV losses for all surface types. At 80° incidence and 25°C, a <7% reduction in short-circuit current due to change in external quantum efficiency is observed for random pyramid textured surfaces. Simulation is compared to measured external quantum efficiency for a silicon heterojunction cell, and similar trends are observed with increasing angle of incidence. A relative reduction of <1% in short-circuit current is also observed when moving from an air mass of 1.5 to 5 at high angles of incidence. These results will inform future solar heterojunction designs for this application and be applied to refine annual energy yield calculations.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,bifacial photovoltaics,indium-tin-oxide,amorphous silicon,ray tracing,silicon solar cell,texture,angle of incidence,heterojunction cell,air mass
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Progress Towards a Non-Lamination Encapsulation Technology to Improve Reliability and Reduce Costs
摘要： New solar module architectures and manufacturing technologies are being developed that significantly reduce manufacturing costs and improve reliability. Variants for both crystalline silicon and thin film devices are being optimized. The outcome of this ongoing program will be a new module designs, streamlined manufacturing processes and accelerated stress results showing improved reliability. Prototype encapsulation process will demonstrate cycle time under 1 minute compared to the current industry method of vacuum lamination which takes more than 10 minutes. The new technology will significantly lower manufacturing costs, process time and reduce capital expenditures by approximately 3-5 times
关键词： encapsulation,lamination,bifacial modules,module reliability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Improvements to PVWatts for Fixed and One-Axis Tracking Systems
摘要： This work presents improvements to the widely used NREL PVWatts photovoltaic system energy model to improve modeling accuracy for typical ?xed and one axis system designs. The aim is to calculate losses in the PV system assuming typical modern system design practices, while maintaining simplicity by keeping the required set of input parameters small. These improvements allow users to more credibly and quickly evaluate competing system designs in early stage feasibility. Common submodels for module cover, spectral, snow, tracker, transformer, plant controller, and self-shading losses, in addition to a bifacial gain option, are incorporated into the PVWatts model, and are shown to improve PVWatts’ system performance prediction capabilities without major impact to ease of use. We anticipate including these improvements in a future release of NREL’s open source PVWatts code, and some of the features may become available in the System Advisor Model (SAM) desktop software as well as the popular PVWatts web application.
关键词： energy model,NREL,photovoltaic modeling,self-shading,bifacial,PVWatts
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly efficient bifacial CsPbIBr <sub/>2</sub> solar cells with a TeO <sub/>2</sub> /Ag transparent electrode and unsymmetrical carrier transport behavior
摘要： Bright red CsPbIBr2 films possess intrinsic semitransparent features, which make them promising materials for smart photovoltaic windows, power plants, curtain walls, top cells for tandem solar cells, and bifacial photovoltaics. In this work, bifacial CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been fabricated by adopting an ultrathin silver (Ag) film transparent anode and a tellurium oxide (TeO2) optical modifying layer. The results showed that the transmittance of the TeO2 (40 nm)/Ag (11 nm) transparent top anode matched well with the light absorption range of the CsPbIBr2 film, and the resulting bifacial PSCs exhibited PCEs of 8.04% and 5.32% when illuminated from the FTO and Ag sides, respectively. By introducing cesium iodide-treated CsPbIBr2 layers, the PSCs achieved superior PCEs of 8.46% (FTO side) and 6.40% (Ag side) with a bifacial factor of 75.65%, which is the best performance of bifacial CsPbIBr2 PSCs reported to date. Interestingly, an identical cell showed a significantly higher fill factor, more efficient carrier transport, and better efficiency and stability when illuminated from the Ag side than from the FTO side, a phenomenon strongly related to the parasitic absorption of the spiro-OMeTAD layer below 420 nm. Consequently, we have found a route similar to “shooting fish in a barrel” to enhance the carrier transport, suppress the carrier recombination, and improve the stability of bifacial semitransparent CsPbIBr2 PSCs: turning the Ag side towards the sun.
关键词： unsymmetrical carrier transport behavior,perovskite solar cells,TeO2/Ag transparent electrode,bifacial CsPbIBr2 solar cells,semitransparent photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simulation of a Novel Configuration for Luminescent Solar Concentrator Photovoltaic Devices Using Bifacial Silicon Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, a novel configuration for luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic (LSC PV) devices is presented, with vertically placed bifacial PV solar cells made of mono-crystalline silicon (mono c-Si). This LSC PV device comprises multiple rectangular cuboid lightguides, made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), containing Lumogen dyes, in particular, either Lumogen red 305 or orange 240. The bifacial solar cells are located in between these lightguide cubes and can, therefore, receive irradiance at both of their surfaces. The main aim of this study is to theoretically determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of five differently configured LSC PV devices. For this purpose, Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations were executed to analyze the irradiance at receiving PV cell surfaces, as well as the optical performance of these LSC PV devices. Five different LSC PV devices, with different geometries and varying dye concentrations, were modeled. To maximize the device efficiency, the bifacial cells were also attached to the back side of the lightguides. The ray tracing simulations resulted in a maximum efficiency of 16.9% under standard test conditions (STC) for a 15 × 15 cm2 LSC PV device, consisting of nine rectangular cuboid 5 × 5 × 1 cm3 PMMA lightguides with 5 ppm orange 240 dye, with 12 vertically positioned 5 × 1 cm2 bifacial cells in between the lightguides and nine 5 × 5 cm2 PV cells attached to the back of the device. If the cells are not applied to the back of this LSC PV device configuration, the maximum PCE will be 2.9% (under STC), where the LSC PV device consists of 25 cubical 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 PMMA lightguides with 110 ppm red 305 dye and 40 vertically oriented bifacial PV cells of 1 × 1 cm2 in between the lightguides. These results show the vast future potential for LSC PV technologies, with a higher performance and efficiency than the common threshold PCE for LSC PV devices of 10%.
关键词： simulation,bifacial solar cells,luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic (LSC PV),power conversion efficiency (PCE),ray tracing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Bifacial p-Type PERC Solar Cell with Efficiency over 22% Using Laser Doped Selective Emitter
摘要： In this paper, we report one bifacial p-type PERC solar cell with e?ciency over 22% using laser doped selective emitter produced in larger-scale commercial line on 6-inch mono-crystalline wafer. On front side of the solar cell, square resistance of p-n junction was found to be closely related with laser power at certain laser scan speed and frequency. On the other side, the rear ?ngers with di?erent ratios of height and width and rear silicon nitride (SiNx) layer with di?erent thickness were optimized, and a highest rear e?ciency of the bifacial solar cell was obtained. Finally, bifacial silicon solar cells with the front and rear e?ciencies exceeding 22% and 15% (AM1.5, 1000 W/m2, 25 C) were successfully achieved, respectively.
关键词： p-type,bifacial,passivated emitter and rear (PERC) solar cells,laser doped selective emitter
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photovoltaic Module Reliability || What does the Future Hold for PV and a Brief Summary
摘要： The discussions in the previous chapters looked at both the history and present‐day status of photovoltaics (PV) module reliability and the accelerated stress testing associated with it. In this final chapter, the focus will shift to the future. PV is a dynamic industry so the technology and the testing standards are constantly evolving. The first section in this chapter will provide an update on the changes already in progress for some of the more important module qualification and safety standards. The second section will switch to a longer‐range view, discussing how PV module reliability is likely to change in the future and what sort of accelerated stress testing will be necessary to validate the quality of the huge volume of modules produced. The book will end with a brief summary of the status of PV module reliability today.
关键词： accelerated stress testing,flexible modules,IEC 61215,IEC 61730,bifacial modules,module lifetime,degradation rates,PV module reliability,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Estimating and parameterizing mismatch power loss in bifacial photovoltaic systems
摘要： Nonuniform irradiance on the rear side of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) systems can cause additional mismatch loss, which may not be appropriately captured in PV energy production estimates and software. We evaluated several scenarios including horizontal single-axis tracking (HSAT) over natural ground-cover and rooftop-mounted systems over high albedo reflective roofs. We found mismatch losses of up to 1.5% annual loss for very close-mounted (0.15 m) rooftop systems, but losses for HSAT systems and high-ground-clearance rooftop systems were lower (<0.5%). A simplified empirical relationship was found that links the spatial variation of irradiance (specifically, the mean absolute difference of irradiance) to the resulting mismatch loss factor, with an R2 better than .99. This approximate relationship was experimentally validated on mismatched PV modules, and it provides a basis for rapidly estimating bifacial mismatch loss factors for use in hourly PV performance simulations such as PVSyst or SAM. Additional parameters investigated include (a) climate dependence and module orientation, which were not found to have a strong impact on bifacial mismatch losses and (b) PV module fill factor and bifaciality ratio, which did have a strong linear impact on mismatch losses.
关键词： PV systems,bifacial photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59