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Design, synthesis and photophysical studies of improved xanthene dye to detect acetate
摘要： Development of biomarkers of analytes with interest in clinic is an important field of study. In this work, we synthesized and analyzed the new fluorescent acetate-biomarker, Iso-PG. The mechanism of detection is the acetate buffer mediated proton transfer reaction. The rate constants involved were obtained, and we measured the change in the fluorescence lifetime produced as a consequence of the presence of acetate in the medium. Finally, we checked its potential use as acetate biomarker in synthetic serum.
关键词： FLIM,Acetate detection,Biomarkers,New dye
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Metal accumulation, biochemical and behavioral responses on the Mediterranean clams Ruditapes decussatus exposed to two photocatalyst nanocomposites (TiO2 NPs and AuTiO2NPs)
摘要： Nanoparticle decoration with noble metal represents a promising alternative to improve their photocatalytic and photovoltaic properties. However, toxicity can be influenced by such modification, as the bioavailability of these substances may be influenced. To understand how decoration influences the NP impacts in marine ecosystems, we exposed suspension-feeding clams, Ruditapes decussatus, to two photocatalyst nanocomposites, TiO2 NPs and AuTiO2 NPs, over 2 concentrations, 50 μg L?1 and 100 μg L?1, in a laboratory experiment. Accumulation of Au and Ti in gills and digestive gland was noted in clams after exposure to TiO2 NPs and AuTiO2 NPs using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). TiO2 and AuTiO2 NPs alter the behavior of the clams Ruditapes decussatus by reducing filtration and respiration rates. Furthermore, the highest concentration of TiO2NPs induces an overproduction of H2O2 in gills and digestive gland and NO production only in gills. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were induced in gills and digestives gland in concentration and nanocomposite type dependent manner. Decorated form presented higher Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in gills and digestive gland than the undecorated form, suggesting different mechanisms of action that may be mediated through oxidative stress. In conclusion, the considered parameters could represent reliable biomarkers for the assessment of NP toxicity on R. decussatus as biological biomonitoring model. In addition, based on the obtained results, nanoparticle decoration influences the toxicity of metal nanoparticles in marine organism.
关键词： Oxidative stress,Ruditapes decussatus,Biomarkers,TiO2 NPs,AuTiO2NPs
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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In Search for Optimal Targets for Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging of Peritoneal Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer
摘要： Peritoneal metastasis (PM) occurs in about 10% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluorescence imaging can enhance contrast between cancerous and benign tissue, enabling the surgeon to clearly visualize PM during cytoreductive surgery. This study assessed the suitability of different biomarkers as potential targets for tumor-targeted imaging of PM of CRC. Tissue samples from primary tumor and PM from patients with CRC were obtained from the pathology archives and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Overexpression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was seen in 100% of PM samples and the expression was strong in >70% of samples. Tyrosine-kinase Met (C-Met) and folate receptor α overexpression was seen in 20% of PM samples. For successful application of tumor-targeted intraoperative fluorescence imaging of PM, biomarkers need to be identified. We demonstrated that both EpCAM and CEA are suitable targets for fluorescence imaging of PM in patients with CRC.
关键词： peritoneal metastasis,biomarkers,colorectal cancer,metastasis,Image-guided surgery,fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Choroidal imaging biomarkers
摘要： The choroid is the vascular coat of the eye,and its role has been studied in multiple chorioretinal disorders. The recent advancements in choroidal imaging techniques including enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), swept source (SS-OCT), enface OCT and OCT angiography have facilitated an in-depth analysis of choroid. The gradual shift from manual to automated segmentation and binarization methods have led to precise and reproducible measurements of choroidal parameters. These qualitative and quantitative parameters, called choroidal imaging biomarkers, have evolved over the past decade from a simple linear subfoveal choroidal thickness to more complex 3 dimensional (3-D) choroidal reconstruction thus widening the spectrum encompassing multiple parameters. These biomarkers have provided a better understanding of the pathogenesis, are helpful in diagnostic dilemmas, and in future may also help to devise treatment options. The lack of normative data, absence of standardized parameters and limitations of the imaging techniques, however, have led to ambiguity and difficulty in the interpretation of these variables. We attempt to address these lacunae in the literature and provide a basic understanding of the choroid in both health and disease using these choroidal biomarkers.
关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA),En-face OCT,Swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT),Choroidal thickness,Choroidal vascularity index (CVI),Choroidal imaging biomarkers,Choroidal volume
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Characterization of gastric cells infection by diverse Helicobacter pylori strains through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
摘要： The infection of Helicobacter pylori, covering 50% of the world-population, leads to diverse gastric diseases as ulcers and cancer along the life-time of the human host. To promote the discovery of biomarkers of bacterial infection, in the present work, Fourier-Transform infrared spectra were acquired from adenocarcinoma gastric cells, incubated with H. pylori strains presenting different genotypes concerning the virulent factors cytotoxin associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A. Defined absorbance ratios were evaluated by diverse methods of statistical inference, according to the fulfillment of the tests assumptions. It was possible to define from the gastric cells, diverse absorbance ratios enabling to discriminate: i) The infection; ii) The bacteria genotype; and iii) The gastric disease of the patients from which the bacteria were isolated. These biomarkers could fasten the knowledge of the complex infection process while promoting a platform for a new diagnostic method, rapid but also specific and sensitive towards the diagnosis of both infection and bacterial virulence.
关键词： gastric adenocarcinoma cells,biomarkers,Helicobacter pylori,infrared spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecules to Organs
摘要： Noninvasive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy methods have shown great potential for clinical diagnosis applications. Raman spectroscopy is based on inelastic light scattering due to rotational and vibrational modes of molecular bonds. It has been shown that Raman spectra provide chemical signatures of changes in biological tissues in different diseases, and this technique can be employed in label-free monitoring and clinical diagnosis of several diseases, including cardiovascular studies. However, there are very few literature reviews available to summarize the state of art and future applications of Raman spectroscopy in cardiovascular diseases, particularly cardiac hypertrophy. In addition to conventional clinical approaches such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), applications of vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy will provide invaluable information useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Various in vivo and ex vivo investigations can potentially be performed using Raman imaging to study and distinguish pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophies and understand the mechanisms of other cardiac diseases. Here, we have reviewed the recent literature on Raman spectroscopy to study cardiovascular diseases covering investigations on the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level.
关键词： cardiovascular disease,cardiac hypertrophy,cardiac biomarkers,vibrational spectroscopy,Raman imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Laser-inscribed contact lens sensors for the detection of analytes in the tear fluid
摘要： Tears exhibit compositional variations as a response to ocular and systemic metabolic conditions, and they can therefore be used for the assessment of physiological health. Here, microfluidic contact lenses were developed as wearable platforms for in situ tear pH, glucose, protein, and nitrite ions sensing. The microfluidic system was inscribed in commercial contact lenses by CO2 laser ablation. The microchannel consisted on a central ring with four branches, and biosensors were embedded within microcavities located at the branches ends. The device was tested with artificial tears and colorimetric readouts were performed using a smartphone-MATLAB algorithm based on the nearest neighbor model. Sensors responded within a time range of 15 seconds, and yielded sensitivities of 12.23 nm/pH unit, 1.4 nm/mmolL-1 of glucose, 0.49 nm/gL-1 of proteins, and 0.03nm/μmolL-1 of nitrites. Contact lens sensing platforms may provide on-eye tears screening with applications in the monitoring of the ocular health both in clinics and at point-of-care settings.
关键词： biomarkers,biosensors,tear fluid,Contact Lenses,point-of-care diagnostics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Sensing biomarkers with plasmonics
摘要： The detection of biomarkers is critical for enabling early disease diagnosis, monitoring the progression, and tracking the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention. Plasmonic sensors exhibit a broad range of analytical capabilities, from the rapid generation of colorimetric readouts to single-molecule sensitivity in ultralow sample volumes, which have led to their increased exploration in bioanalysis and point-of-care applications. This perspective presents selected accounts of recent developments on the different types of plasmonic sensing platforms, the pervasive challenges and outlook on the pathway to translation. We highlight the sensing of upcoming biomarkers including microRNA, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and cell-free DNA, and discuss the opportunity of utilizing plasmonic nanomaterials and tools for biomarker detection beyond biofluids, such as in tissues, organs, and disease sites. The integration of plasmonic biosensors with established and upcoming technologies of instrumentation, sample pre-treatment, and data analysis will help realize their translation to clinical settings for improving healthcare and enhancing the quality of life.
关键词： plasmonics,exosomes,biomarkers,microRNA,biosensors,circulating tumor cells,cell-free DNA
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Exosome-templated nanoplasmonics for multiparametric molecular profiling
摘要： Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles distinguished by characteristic biophysical and biomolecular features; current analytical approaches, however, remain univariate. Here, we develop a dedicated platform for multiparametric exosome analysis—through simultaneous biophysical and biomolecular evaluation of the same vesicles—directly in clinical biofluids. Termed templated plasmonics for exosomes, the technology leverages in situ growth of gold nanoshells on vesicles to achieve multiselectivity. For biophysical selectivity, the nanoshell formation is templated by and tuned to distinguish exosome dimensions. For biomolecular selectivity, the nanoshell plasmonics locally quenches fluorescent probes only if they are target-bound on the same vesicle. The technology thus achieves multiplexed analysis of diverse exosomal biomarkers (e.g., proteins and microRNAs) but remains unresponsive to nonvesicle biomarkers. When implemented on a microfluidic, smartphone-based sensor, the platform is rapid, sensitive, and wash-free. It not only distinguished biomarker organizational states in native clinical samples but also showed that the exosomal subpopulation could more accurately differentiate patient prognosis.
关键词： molecular profiling,Exosomes,smartphone-based sensor,nanoplasmonics,biomarkers,microfluidic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Advances in Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Sensing Techniques for Exhaled Breath Diagnostics
摘要： Human exhaled breath consists of more than 3000 volatile organic compounds, many of which are relevant biomarkers for various diseases. Although gas chromatography has been the gold standard for volatile organic compound (VOC) detection in exhaled breath, recent developments in mid-infrared (MIR) laser spectroscopy have led to the promise of compact point-of-care (POC) optical instruments enabling even single breath diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the evolution of MIR sensing technologies with a special focus on photoacoustic spectroscopy, and its application in exhaled breath biomarker detection. While mid-infrared point-of-care instrumentation promises high sensitivity and inherent molecular selectivity, the lack of standardization of the various techniques has to be overcome for translating these techniques into more widespread real-time clinical use.
关键词： point-of-care (POC),infrared lasers,MIR,photoacoustic spectroscopy,biomarkers,exhaled breath analysis,non-invasive diagnostics,QCL,quantum cascade lasers,mid-infrared
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01