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Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Is It Applicable in Brazil? a?? A Review Applied to Brazilian Case
摘要： The photovoltaic technologies have been developed year by year in different countries; however, there are some countries where this kind of energy is being born, such as the Brazilian case. In this paper, some important parameters are analysed and applied to different solar cell materials, identifying that if the fossil fuels were substituted by solar cells, it would reduce the CO2 emissions by 93.2%. In addition, it is shown that the efficiency of solar cells is not as farther as it could be thought from coal thermoelectrical plants in Brazil and the cost of energy using solar cells could be as good as these thermoelectrical plants. Finally, the potentiality of Brazilian territory to implant this technology is presented, identifying that with the use of 0.2% of the territory, the energy demand could be supplied.
关键词： Brazil,CO2 Emissions,Thermoelectrical plants,Solar cells,Fossil fuels
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Solar Photovoltaic Distributed Generation in Brazil: The Case of Resolution 482/2012
摘要： The current electric generation in Brazil to meet its demand is based on centralized electricity generation, however, a new decentralized model is emerging in light of the recent advance of distributed generation (DG), among them, solar photovoltaic DG. The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the evolution of solar photovoltaic DG in Brazil, after the Normative Resolution (NR) No. 482/2012 of the National Electric Energy Agency (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica - ANEEL). The methodology used was based on an exploratory, descriptive and bibliographic study that supported an information analysis on the growth and prospects of solar photovoltaic DG market in Brazil. Hypotheses that current national regulations need improvements, and there is a great potential for expansion to solar photovoltaic DG have been taken as a starting point. Analyzes of the Brazilian socioeconomic context and the impacts after the NR No.482/2012 on the development of a national market for photovoltaic DG in recent years were carried out. ANEEL regulations have been periodically revised and updated in an attempt to induce a growth of solar photovoltaic market in Brazil. The results indicate a growth of solar photovoltaic DG in the country since 2012, with a significant increase in 2015. In conclusion, despite the growing evolution of solar photovoltaic DG in Brazil, there is a need for further regulatory improvements to boost this market. In addition, this article proposes that existing regulations could be improved in order to: a) reduce or exempt taxes on equipment of solar photovoltaic DG, as well as provide government incentives; (b) enable consumers to enjoy greater benefits by allowing the surplus energy to be sold to the distributor or the free market; c) exempt taxes for non-profit institutions, and d) include in housing programs and projects, the requirement of energy efficiency and solar photovoltaic DG.
关键词： Distributed Generation,Normative Resolution ANEEL 482/2012,Brazil,Solar Photovoltaic,Regulation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Predicting Dengue Incidence in Brazil Using Broad-Scale Spectral Remote Sensing Imagery
摘要： Infectious disease burden is continuing to increase around the globe. These diseases have increased, in part, due to globalization, human behavior, and environmental changes. There is an urgent need for improved prediction of their spread so that mitigation techniques and treatments can be administered proactively rather than just reactively. One of the challenges is that many regions of interest are in hard-to-reach locations, and as such, clinical surveillance data (reliant upon self-reporting) can be both sparse and lagging. Remote sensing imagery is an attractive data source to exploit for this application as it provides real-time information without having to physically be on the ground. Here, we derive standard indices from multispectral imagery, and explore how predictive they are for forecasting dengue incidence in Brazil. This is done on broad spatial and temporal scales, covering all of Brazil for multiple years. Results will show that the normalized difference vegetation index is a leading predictor for dengue incidence.
关键词： multispectral,forecasting,mosquito-borne disease,Brazil,remote sensing,dengue
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Freshwater Fish Habitat Complexity Mapping Using Above and Underwater Structure-From-Motion Photogrammetry
摘要： Substrate complexity is strongly related to biodiversity in aquatic habitats. We illustrate a novel framework, based on Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) photogrammetry, to quantify habitat complexity in freshwater ecosystems from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and underwater photography. We analysed sites in the Xingu river basin, Brazil, to reconstruct the 3D structure of the substrate and identify and map habitat classes important for maintaining fish assemblage biodiversity. From the digital models we calculated habitat complexity metrics including rugosity, slope and 3D fractal dimension. The UAV based SfM-MVS products were generated at a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.20–2.38 cm while the underwater photography produced a GSD of 1 mm. Our results show how these products provide spatially explicit complexity metrics, which are more comprehensive than conventional arbitrary cross sections. Shallow neural network classification of SfM-MVS products of substrate exposed in the dry season resulted in high accuracies across classes. UAV and underwater SfM-MVS is robust for quantifying freshwater habitat classes and complexity and should be chosen whenever possible over conventional methods (e.g., chain-and-tape) because of the repeatability, scalability and multi-dimensional nature of the products. The SfM-MVS products can be used to identify high priority freshwater sectors for conservation, species occurrences and diversity studies to provide a broader indication for overall fish species diversity and provide repeatability for monitoring change over time.
关键词： Xingu river,Brazil,neural network,river,UAV,rugosity,fractal dimension,underwater
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Modelling, simulation and thermal analysis of a solar dish/Stirling system: A case study in Natal, Brazil
摘要： In this paper, a methodology is developed to evaluate the performance of a solar system composed of a Stirling engine and a solar dish. There are four models to be assessed: theoretical model of solar irradiation, model of parabolic solar dish, thermal model of receiver and prediction model of Stirling engine performance. A case of study will analyse a city named Natal-RN, located in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. This city has high annual rates of solar irradiation. Tonatiuh software is used to evaluate parabolic dishes applying the Monte Carlo Ray Tracing method. Furthermore, a prediction model of Stirling engine performance is reformulated using 26 engines data. This reformulation allows error reduction in the prediction of four parameters when compared with the original Iwamoto’s model: 40.0% in the maximum output power, 31.0% in the output power at maximum efficiency, 12.1% in the engine speed at maximum output power and 55.8% in the engine speed at maximum efficiency. The behaviour of the system, NS03T Stirling engine and solar dish, is assessed using experimental data of a Brazilian program named SONDA. At Natal-RN, it is noticed that the maximum output power reached by NS03T is higher than 1.6 kW and its global efficiency is higher than 19% between 12 h and 15 h, reaching 26% at 11 h. This values are referent to April, which is the month that represents the average solar characteristics during the year of 2015.
关键词： Renewable energy sources,Stirling engine,Solar parabolic dish,Brazil,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14