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Future Scope of Silicone Polymer based Functionalized Nanocomposites for Device Packaging: A Mini Review
摘要： Organic electronic devices, such as conducting polymer and/or perovskite based solar cells are highly promising and emerging, but they are highly unstable in the presence of moisture and oxygen. It is important to protect these devices from these deterrent gases by using a suitable encapsulant and to improve the lifetime of these promising devices. “Silicone polymer” impregnated with suitable functionalized nano fillers/moisture or oxygen scavengers can be potentially used for sensitive organic device encapsulation applications, where a combined property of flexibility, thermal stability, transparency, and low moisture permeation is critical. Suitable fillers can also enhance the thermo-mechanical properties of silicone polymers, which is also important for hermitic sealing applications. Silicone polymer have a wide range of applications in electronic, mechanical, and biological industries, due to their flexibility over a broad temperature window, resiliency, transparency, superior thermal stability, resistant to aging and degradation from sunlight. This polymer also coats a surface conformally, having moisture resistance property and inertness. In this mini-review, functionalized composites based on silicone polymers, which have been developed for the potential organic device encapsulation application, has been discussed. In addition to that, future direction towards the fabrication of new functionalized nanocomposites, based on silicone polymers is also discussed briefly.
关键词： Nanocomposite,Curing,Organic devices,Functionalization,Silicone polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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High-Performance Chromatographic Characterization of Surface Chemical Heterogeneities of Fluorescent Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Core–Shell Silica Nanoparticles
摘要： In contrast to small-molar-mass compounds, detailed structural investigations of inorganic core–organic ligand shell hybrid nanoparticles remain challenging. The assessment of batch-reaction-induced heterogeneities of surface chemical properties and their correlation with particle size has been a particularly long-standing issue. Applying a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to ultra-small (<10 nm diameter) poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) fluorescent core–shell silica nanoparticles, we elucidate here previously unknown surface heterogeneities resulting from varying dye conjugation to nanoparticle silica cores and surfaces. Heterogeneities are predominantly governed by dye charge, as corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that this insight enables the development of synthesis protocols to achieve PEGylated and targeting ligand-functionalized PEGylated silica nanoparticles with dramatically improved surface chemical homogeneity, as evidenced by single-peak HPLC chromatograms. Because surface chemical properties are key to all nanoparticle interactions, we expect these methods and fundamental insights to become relevant to a number of systems for applications, including bioimaging and nanomedicine.
关键词： surface chemistry heterogeneity,high-performance liquid chromatography,nanoparticle characterization,nanoparticle surface functionalization,fluorescence correlation spectroscopy,molecular dynamics,nanoparticle heterogeneity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Molecular Functionalization of Planar Nanocrystalline and Porous Nanostructured Diamond to Form an Interface with Newborn and Adult Neurons
摘要： This article examines the ability of newly developed nanostructured porous boron-doped diamond (BDD) to form an interface with neural cells and the role of molecular functionalization by a polymer on this interface. Due to its high stability, biocompatibility, and electrical properties, BDD is a promising material for construction of neuroelectrodes. Nanostructuring and an increase in the surface specific area can further improve the sensitivity and performance of such electrodes. Here, porous BDD prepared in a multistep diamond deposition on a porous template consisting of a polymer and electrospun SiO2 fibers is examined. This work shows that this new material is biocompatible and does not exhibit any cytotoxicity on fibroblast cell lines. Further, this work shows that porous BDD supports regeneration of newborn and adult neurons when functionalized with poly-L-lysine.
关键词： nanocrystalline diamond,boron-doped diamond,enhanced surface area,neural interface,chemical functionalization
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Molecular Identification, Bond Order Discrimination, and Apparent Intermolecular Features in Atomic Force Microscopy Studied with a Charge Density Based Method
摘要： We introduce an efficient method to simulate high-resolution atomic force microscopy (HR-AFM) images with CO probes. Our model explicitly takes into account the charge densities of the sample and the probe for the calculation of the short-range (SR) interaction and retains ab initio accuracy with only two parameters, that are essentially universal, independent of the number of chemical species and the complexity of the bonding topology. The application to molecular images shows a strong dependence on the stoichiometry and bonding configuration that precludes the chemical identification of individual atoms based on local force–distance curves. However, we have identified features in the 2D images and 3D force maps that reflect the highly anisotropic spatial decay of the molecular charge density and provide a way towards molecular identification. The model treats SR and electrostatics interactions on an equal footing and correctly pinpoints the Pauli repulsion as the underlying interaction responsible for the bond order discrimination in C60. Finally, we settle the controversy regarding the origin of the intermolecular features, discarding the effect of the charge redistribution associated with the H bonds, and linking them with the overlap of the wave functions of the atoms that constitute the bond. This overlap creates saddle regions in the potential energy landscape that are sensed by the probe.
关键词： tip functionalization,DFT,chemical identification,CO molecule,hydrogen bonds,non–contact atomic force microscopy,bond order
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Functional Sensing Interfaces of PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Chemical and Biological Sensors: A Mini Review
摘要： Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for applications in in vitro and in vivo measurements. OECTs have two important sensing interfaces for signal monitoring: One is the gate electrode surface; the other is the channel surface. This mini review introduced the new developments in chemical and biological detection of the two sensing interfaces. Specific focus was given on the modification technological approaches of the gate or channel surface. In particular, some unique strategies and surface designs aiming to facilitate signal-transduction and amplification were discussed. Several perspectives and current challenges of OECTs development were also briefly summarized.
关键词： organic electrochemical transistors,interface functionalization,chemical sensors,biosensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Decoupling Effects of Surface Recombination and Barrier Height on p-Si(111) Photovoltage in Semiconductor|Liquid Junctions via Molecular Dipoles and Metal Oxides
摘要： This work provides insight into carrier dynamics in a model photoelectrochemical system comprised of a semiconductor, metal oxide, and metal. To isolate carrier dynamics from catalysis, a common catalytic metal (Pt) is used in concert with an outer-sphere redox couple. Silicon (111) substrates were surface-functionalized with electronegative aryl moieties (p-nitrophenyl and m-dinitrophenyl). A mixed monolayer using p-nitrophenyl/methyl exhibited high surface quality as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (low surface SiOx content) and low surface recombination velocity. This substrate also exhibited the expected positive surface dipole, as evidenced by rectifying J?V behavior on p-type substrates, and by positive photovoltage measured by surface photovoltage spectroscopy. Its close molecular relative m-dinitrophenyl exhibited poor electronic surface quality as indicated by high SiOx coverage and high surface recombination velocities (S > 3000 cm s?1). Photoelectrochemical J?V measurements of p-type Si-functionalized surfaces in contact with a high concentration (50 mM) of methyl viologen (MV2+) in aqueous media revealed VOC values that are correlated with the measured barrier heights. In contrast, low-concentration (1.5 mM) MV2+ experiments revealed significant contributions from surface recombination. Next, the electronic and (photo)electrochemical properties were studied as a function of ALD metal oxide deposition (TiO2, Al2O3) and Pt deposition. For the m-dinitrophenyl substrate, ALD deposition of both TiO2 and Al2O3 (150 °C, amorphous) decreased the surface recombination velocity. Surprisingly, this TiO2 deposition resulted in negative shifts in VOC for all surfaces (possibly ALD-TiO2 defect band effects). However, Pt deposition recovered the efficiencies beyond those lost in TiO2 deposition, affording the most positive VOC values for each substrate. Overall, this work demonstrates that (1) when carrier collection is kinetically fast, p-Si(111)?R devices are limited by thermal emission of carriers over the barrier, rather than by surface recombination. And (2) although TiO2 |Pt improves the PEC performance of all substrates, the beneficial effects of the underlying (positive) surface dipole are still realized. Lastly (3) Pt deposition is demonstrated to provide beneficial charge separation effects beyond enhancing catalytic rates.
关键词： solar fuels,interfacial dipole,atomic layer deposition (ALD),surface functionalization,band-edge modulation,photoelectrochemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE NAECON 2018 - IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference - Dayton, OH, USA (2018.7.23-2018.7.26)] NAECON 2018 - IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference - Ultrasensitive label-free tobramycin detection with aptamer-functionalized ZnO TFT biosensor
摘要： Aminoglycoside antibiotic such as tobramycin is critical to the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and other respiratory problems routinely seen in military personnel. Bottom gate (BG) zinc oxide (ZnO) ultra-thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated and functionalized with thiol-anchored aptamers as sensitive tobramycin biosensors and a Lower Detection Limit (LDL) of 0.1 nM was extracted from the adsorption coverage isotherm. Sputter deposition of ZnO allows the control of film thickness, stoichiometry, defects and interface states. Intrinsically high surface morphology of ZnO allows improved aptamer functionalization and sensitivity of detection.
关键词： tobramycin,functionalization,biosensor,sputter deposition,aptamer,cystic fibrosis,thin film transistor,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Tuning Carbon Dots’ Optoelectronic Properties with Polymers
摘要： Due to their unique properties of photoluminescence, biocompatibility, photostability, ease of preparing, and low cost, carbon dots have been studied extensively over the last decade. Soon after their discovery, it was realized that their main optical attributes may be protected, enhanced, and tuned upon proper surface passivation or functionalization. Therefore, up to date, numerous polymers have been used for these purposes, resulting to higher-quality carbon dots regarding their quantum yield or further emission-related aspects and compared to the primitive, bare ones. Hence, this review aims to clarify the polymers’ role and effect on carbon dots and their features focusing on the quality characteristics of their photoluminescence upon passivation or functionalization. Given in fact the numbers of relevant publications, emphasis is given on recent articles capturing the latest advances for polymers in carbon dots for expanding emission lifetimes, advancing quantum yields, tuning emission wavelengths, enhancing specific spectral range absorption, and tailoring optoelectronic properties in general.
关键词： photoluminescence,functionalization,carbon dots,polymers,optoelectronic properties,surface passivation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis, and Therapy || Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
摘要： Chemical functionalization of nanomaterials is important to control their physical properties. Since their applications frequently require the homogeneity in the physical properties of the components, many precise functionalization methods for nanomaterials have been developed in view of their applications from electronics and optics to biomedicine. Nanomedicine has been attracting growing interest in terms of therapy and diagnosis, or so called theranostics. In the field, nanomaterials play a key role and hence they are chemically functionalized frequently to meet the requirements for the purpose. In the nanomaterial‐based drug delivery system (DDS), for example, the following functions are required: the nanodrug has to disperse well in the blood to avoid embolism; circulate throughout the body to avoid leaking from the pores in the blood vessel and trapping in the reticuloendothelial system; accumulate in the targeting organ or tissue; and finally, release the loaded drug. Among the nanomaterials in the DDS, carbon nanomaterials have the following characteristic properties: (i) basically inert, but functionizable at the functional groups such as carboxylic and hydroxyl ones on the surface, edge, and defect through organic transformation; (ii) variety of options in terms of shapes including zero‐dimensional (0D, fullerenes), one‐dimensional (1D, carbon nanotubes, CNTs), two‐dimensional (2D, graphene, G), and three‐dimensional (3D, nanodiamond, ND); (iii) commercially available; and (iv) fluorescence emission from semiconducting SWNTs, relatively small size graphenes and color center in ND. The carbon nanomaterials discussed in this chapter are graphene (Section 10.2) and ND (Sections 10.3 and 10.4). Graphene has a flat and hydrophobic surface consisting of sp2 carbons. It exhibits high affinity to the flat molecules, including π‐electrons such as triphenylene, as we reported quite recently. Therefore, it has been utilized as carrier for anti‐cancer drugs with flat and hydrophobic properties. In addition, it can work as photosensitizer in photothermal therapy, making it more fascinating as a bifunctional material in cancer therapy. However, the graphene‐based carriers that have been used so far are graphene oxide (GO), because the carrier is required to have sufficient dispersibility in a physiological environment. The direct use of pristine graphene as a drug carrier, which will be described below, is the first example, as far as we know. On the other hand, ND has been reported to be low toxicity or even nontoxic nanomaterial. It is composed of the curved surface and core, not the flat surface and edge for graphene. As in the case of edge and defect in graphene, the ND surface is covered with various functional groups such as carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. Although ND is categorized as an inorganic nanomaterial due to its robustness and chemical stability, the surface functionalities impart the organic characteristics to ND, enabling the control of the physical property by controlling the surface functionality. Recently, surface chemical functionalization of ND has been actively investigated in view of its applications. In this chapter (Sections 10.3 and 10.4), chemical functionalization on ND for drug carrier will be described; the requisite functions of aqueous dispersibility, targeting specificity, and cytotoxicity are imparted to ND through stepwise surface chemical functionalization. This chapter covers synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the following three nanodrugs: chlorin e6 (Ce6)‐loaded graphene for cancer phototherapy; Pt drug‐loaded nanodiamond for cancer chemotherapy; and DNA‐loaded nanodiamond for gene therapy.
关键词： nanodiamond,functionalization,drug delivery,graphene,phototherapy,chemotherapy,carbon nanomaterials,gene therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Controlled Covalent Functionalization of 2H-MoS2 with Molecular or Polymeric Adlayers.
摘要： Most air-stable 2D materials are relatively inert, which makes their chemical modification difficult. In particular, in the case of MoS2, the semiconducting 2H-MoS2 is much less reactive than its metallic counterpart, 1T-MoS2. As a consequence, there are hardly any reliable methods for the covalent modification of 2H-MoS2. An ideal method for the chemical functionalization of such materials should be both mild, not requiring the introduction of a large number of defects, and versatile, allowing for the decoration with as many different functional groups as possible. Herein, a comprehensive study on the covalent functionalization of 2H-MoS2 with maleimides is presented. The use of a base (Et3N) leads to the in situ formation of a succinimide polymer layer, covalently connected to MoS2. In contrast, in the absence of base, functionalization stops at the molecular level. Moreover, the functionalization protocol is mild (occurs at room temperature), fast (nearly complete in 1h), and very flexible (11 different solvents and 10 different maleimides tested). In practical terms, the procedures described here allow for the chemist to manipulate 2H-MoS2 in a very flexible way, decorating it with polymers or molecules, and with a wide range of functional groups for subsequent modification. Conceptually, the spurious formation of an organic polymer might be general to other methods of functionalization of 2D materials, where a large excess of molecular reagents is typically used.
关键词： click chemistry,MoS2,maleimide,2D materials,covalent functionalization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01