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Surfactant mediated TiO2 photoanodes and Cu2ZnSnS4 counter electrodes for high efficient dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： Highly crystallized kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles with an energy band gap of 1.54 eV and desired elemental compositions were prepared by hydrothermal method. CZTS thin films were prepared on titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) treated fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by doctor blade coating method. Morphological developments of hydrothermal synthesized, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mediated, TiO2 nanostructured thin films on TiCl4 treated FTO substrate were investigated. The CZTS/FTO counter electrodes (CSs) and TiO2 nanostructured photoanodes were employed in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). DSSCs device with power conversion efficiency of 6.24% have been fabricated. The TiCl4 treated CZTS CEs and SDS mediated TiO2 nanostructure photoanodes provides suitable electrodes for low cost and high efficient dye sensitized solar cells.
关键词： Thin films,CZTS counter electrode,Energy storage and conversion,Nanocrystalline materials,Dye sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The effect of annealing conditions: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on nanocrystal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell properties
摘要： Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles were fabricated successfully using the hot injection method; CZTS films were deposited by spin coating of nanocrystal ink. The aim of this work is to study the effect of annealing parameters: temperature, time, ramping rate and atmosphere on CZTS thin film structure and optical properties. XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, SEM, EDX mapping are used to analyse the films and they demonstrate the increase in quality and improvement in the crystallinity of CZTS and the homogeneity of elements which is one of the important factors for CZTS thin film solar cells. The crystallinity, structure and chemical composition of CZTS thin films increased and improved under annealing in H2S+N2 atmosphere which demonstrated that annealing at 500 oC for 1 h with a ramping rate of 10 oC/min under H2S+N2 atmosphere is a suitable condition for the fabrication of CZTS thin films used in solar cell devices.
关键词： Annealing temperature,CZTS,Cu2ZnSnS4,Annealing time,Thin film solar PV,Annealing atmosphere,Annealing ramping rate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Origin of Band-Tail and Deep-Donor States in Cu <sub/>2</sub> ZnSnS <sub/>4</sub> Solar Cells and Their Suppression through Sn-Poor Composition
摘要： By comparing optical spectral results of both Sn-rich and Sn-poor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) with the previously calculated defect levels, we confirm that the band-tail states in CZTS originate from the high concentration of 2CuZn+SnZn defect clusters, whereas the deep-donor states originate from the high concentration of SnZn. In Sn-rich CZTS, the absorption, reflectance and photocurrent (PC) spectra show band-tail states that shrink the bandgap to only ~1.34 eV, while, photoluminescence (PL) and PC spectra consistently show that abundant CuZn+SnZn donor states produce a PL peak at ~1.17 eV and abundant SnZn deep donor states produce a PL peak near 0.85 eV. In contrast, Sn-poor CZTS shows neither bandgap shrinking nor any deep-donor-defect induced PL and PC signals. These results highlight that a Sn-poor composition is critical for the reduction of band-tailing effects and deep-donor defects and thus the overcoming of the severe open-circuit voltage (Voc) deficiency problem in CZTS solar cells.
关键词： Band-tail states,Deep defects,Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS),Optical characterization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019 - Kerala, India (12–14 June 2019)] PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019 - Study of plasmonic effect in Cu2ZnSnS4-Ag nanocomposite thin film fabricated by vacuum thermal co-evaporation
摘要： CZTS-Ag nanocomposite thin films were fabricated by co-evaporating CZTS in the form of pellet and Ag powder as source materials simultaneously using vacuum thermal co-evaporator. The weight percentage of Ag to CZTS is increased from 2 to 4%. The as-prepared nanocomposite films were post annealed at 500 °C for 1 hour in a vacuum tubular furnace. The crystal structure of the as-prepared and annealed samples is analyzed by x-ray diffraction. Chemical structure of the prepared films is studied using confocal Raman spectroscopy with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm which depicts the mixed phase formation of SnS and CZTS. The observed blue shift in absorption edge in CZTS as well as broadened absorption in the entire visible region in Ag based CZTS nanocomposite could be due to the effect from Ag nanoparticles, verifying the strong existence of surface plasmon resonance in the visible region.
关键词： surface plasmon resonance,Raman spectroscopy,optical absorption,vacuum thermal co-evaporation,CZTS-Ag nanocomposite
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Analysis of highly efficient perovskite solar cells with inorganic hole transport material
摘要： Organo-halide perovskites in planar heterojunction architecture have shown considerable promise as efficient light harvesters in solar cells. In this paper, a numerical modeling of a planar lead based perovskite solar cell (PSC) with Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) as hole transporting material (HTM) has been done using one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). The effects of numerous parameters such as defect density, thickness, and doping density of the absorber layer on the device performance are investigated. The doping densities and electron affinities of electron transporting material (ETM) and HTM are also varied to optimize the PSC performance. It has been observed that a thinner absorber layer of ~ 220 nm with a defect density of 1014 cm-3 compared to the reference structure improves the device performance. When doping density of the absorber layer increases beyond 2 × 1016 cm-3, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reduces due to enhanced recombination rate. The defect density at the absorber/ETM interface reduces the PCE as well. Considering a series resistance of 5 Ωcm2 and all the optimum parameters of absorber, ETM and HTM layers simultaneously, the overall PCE of the device increases significantly. In comparison with the reference structure, the PCE of the optimized device has been increased from 12.76% to 22.70%, and hence the optimized CZTS based PSC is highly efficient.
关键词： CH3NH3PbI3,CZTS,SCAPS-1D,absorption coefficient
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Numerical simulation of CZTS solar cell with silicon back surface field
摘要： Formation of back surface field has an important impact on the solar cell performances. In this work, a numerical simulation of CdS/CZTS based solar cell is performed using the solar cell capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). The simulation was run in order to study the effect of silicon back surface field (BSF) layer in the rear side. The thickness and carrier density impact on the performances of the cell were predicted. From the simulation results, the cell with BSF layer exhibited better characteristics and an improving in conversion efficiency from 7.72 % to 10.69% has been reached.
关键词： Silicon BSF,CZTS,Solar cell
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Structural and optical study of CZTS-reduced graphene oxide composite towards photovoltaic device application
摘要： The deficit in obtaining targeted photo conversion efficiency for (Cu2ZnSnS4) CZTS based photovoltaic cell results either from insufficient photo charge carrier generation or e-/h+ pair transportation towards the end of electrodes, which lowers the device Voc and Jsc. On this regard, semiconducting absorber material merged with highly mobile reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as filler form a bridging network within active layer facilitates both improvement in charge carrier separation as well as transportation to electrodes before recombination occurs. A simple solution casting approach for CZTS nanoparticle anchored rGO composite for photovoltaic device application is reported here. The presence and distribution of CZTS nanoparticles over the surface of rGO sheet is confirmed from XRD, Raman, SEM and UV-Visible analysis.
关键词： Raman,XRD,Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS),reduced graphene oxide (rGO),SEM,Photovoltaic device
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Simulation study to find suitable dopants of CdS buffer layer for CZTS solar cell
摘要： The performance of CZTS solar cell, a promising candidate in the field of energy production from sunlight, can be improved by optimizing the parameters of most widely used CdS buffer layer. In this work, numerical study have been done on the typical CZTS solar cell structures containing Mo thin film as back contact on glass substrate using SCAPS-1D solar cell simulation software. Then, the CZTS has been used as the absorber layer followed by CdS buffer later. Following, ZnO and transparent conducting oxide n-ITO layers have been considered as window layer and front contact, respectively. In the simulations, the CdS buffer layer has been doped with three different materials such as Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu) and Chlorine (Cl) for a wide acceptable range of carrier concentration. After obtaining the suitable carrier concentration, the thickness of the doped buffer layer has been varied keeping other layer parameters constant to see the variation of performance parameters open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (η) of the CZTS solar cell.
关键词： SCAPS-1D,Solar cell,CZTS,Doped CdS,Carrier concentration
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Production and photovoltaic characterisation of n-Si/p-CZTS heterojunction solar cells based on a CZTS ultrathin active layers
摘要： In this study, Au/n-Si/p-CZTS/Ag solar cells have been produced by using PLD technique. Ultrathin CZTS films have been grown on n-Si wafer in different thicknesses depending on number of laser pulses. These ultrathin CZTS films were analysed by XRD, AFM and UV-vis spectra. J-V characteristics of Au/n-Si/p-CZTS/Ag solar cells have been determined based on thickness of ultrathin CZTS films under AM 1.5 solar radiation of 80 mW/cm2. Short circuit current density (mA/cm2), fill factor, open circuit voltage (V) and power conversion efficiency (%) of ultrathin CZTS film solar cells have been determined for device produced in this work. The photovoltaic (PV) characteristics of ultrathin CZTS film solar cells has been discussed in detail in this present article and, as a result, the ideal ultrathin CZTS film solar cell structure having the highest efficiency has been determined and concluded.
关键词： efficiency,ultrathin films,Solar cell,PLD,CZTS,Si
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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CZTS counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell: enhancement in photo conversion efficiency with morphology of TiO2 nanostructured thin films
摘要： In the present investigation, kesterite phase Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticle, and one-dimensional (1D) nanorods and three-dimensional (3D) flower-like rutile phase TiO2 thin films were obtained by the conventional hydrothermal method. The (112) plane–oriented single-phase CZTS nanoparticles with chemical composition Cu/(Zn + Sn) = 0.84, 0.90, 1.05 were obtained by changing the copper concentration of the precursor solution. The CZTS thin films were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by the doctor blade coating method. The effect of reaction time on growth of the hydrothermal deposited rutile phase TiO2 nanorod thin films were investigated. The detailed structural properties, phase identification, and morphological developments were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated with CZTS counter electrodes (CEs) and hydrothermal deposited nanostructured TiO2 photoanodes. The device formed with three-dimensional TiO2 nanostructured photoanode showed higher efficiency (2.65%) than one-dimensional microstructures (1.74%). The study demonstrates that the nanostructure-based morphologies of TiO2 photoanodes affect the performance of CZTS CEs–based dye-sensitized solar cell.
关键词： TiO2 nanostructures,2.65% efficiency,DSSC counter electrode,CZTS nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04