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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Cape Town, South Africa (2018.6.28-2018.6.29)] 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Design Strategies of an Off-Grid Solar PV Plant for Office Buildings: A Case Study of Johannesburg
摘要： Renewable energy systems based on solar resources are steering the way in grid-connected applications to meet present energy demands. This research work tends to investigate the design and feasibility of RE systems using solar resources to sustain a load in the Office Park building, at Constantia Kloof Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa. This is following the provincial mandate to offset the energy usage of government buildings, including those belonging to the City of Johannesburg, by the installation of renewable energy sources in South Africa. The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) on the design revealed that the fully solar RE system was the most economically possible. This was in comparison with the annual equivalent projected City Power electricity bill for the load profile.
关键词： Johannesburg,Cost-Benefit Analysis,Solar PV,Renewable Energy,Off-Grid
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Assessing the effectiveness of Chinaa??s net-metering subsidies for household distributed photovoltaic systems
摘要： Consumer incentives play a vital role in promoting the adoption of renewable energy technology. In China, the government implemented a single, nation-wide net-metering subsidy to cultivate the distributed photovoltaic electricity generation market in 2013 and then had to reduce it twice due to the falling cost of photovoltaic modules and the large resultant financial gap. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these subsidy adjustments were accurate, and also to identify the factors affecting the subsidy design. We applied a techno-economic evaluation to examine the actual market performance of China’s household distributed photovoltaic system in five typical cities with different levels of solar radiation and electricity consumption patterns, and then investigated the subsidy policy’s effectiveness through a cost-benefit analysis. The results show that a 3e7 kW photovoltaic capacity in different regions of solar radiation can meet the residential electricity demand. We found that the examination of net-metering effectiveness should consider both regional difference in solar radiation and the different levels of electricity demand. Additionally, the cost-benefit analysis also indicated that a reasonable, regionally differentiated metering subsidy should be in the range of 0.05e0.27 yuan/kWh.
关键词： Cost-benefit analysis,Distributed photovoltaic power generation,Techno-economic evaluation,Net-metering policy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Taipei, Taiwan (2019.9.22-2019.9.25)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Learning Lightweight Pedestrian Detector with Hierarchical Knowledge Distillation
摘要： In order to transfer 3000-MW capacity of electricity from the mine-mouth coal-fired power plants in South Sumatra to the load center in Java, PLN Indonesia intends to build the Java-Sumatra Power Interconnection System. The scopes of these works of the Power Interconnection System are including: high voltage alternating current (HVAC) 500 kV Transmission Line in Java, HVAC 500 kV Transmission Line in Sumatra, high voltage direct current (HVDC) 500 kV Transmission Line in Java, HVDC 500 kV Transmission Line in Sumatra, and HVDC 500 kV Java-Sumatra submarine cables. This paper will analyze the financial feasibility study to ensure whether the project has economic benefit, and the asset would be used effectively and efficiently along its benefit period using life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). In this paper, an LCCA will be simulated to analyze three alternatives and to decide which alternative is the most profitable. Monte Carlo simulations and a break-even chart for a period of 30 years' operation of the interconnection system are part of the LCCA models to achieve the objectives of this paper.
关键词： cost benefit analysis,underwater,decision making,Risk analysis,project engineering,power transmission,availability,maintenance,cables,reliability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Real options valuation of photovoltaic power investments in existing buildings
摘要： Renewable power generation based on solar energy is deemed to be a key instrument to reduce the carbon footprint of modern economies. Collectively, buildings are an energy-intensive consumption sector. Therefore, existing building rooftops are seen as a target for massively deploying photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation. Nevertheless, estimating the benefits and risks of investing in rooftop PV systems is indeed a challenging task due to the large uncertainties that affect tariffs, technology costs, and regulatory policy. After reviewing the literature and identifying the current gaps, this article develops a method based on Real Options theory for appraising investments in PV generation systems to be installed on the rooftop of existing buildings. The option value of differing the investment decision and the problem of the optimal time to invest in irreversible PV assets are addressed by an advanced valuation method based on stochastic simulation, linear regression, and backward dynamic programming. In this work, returns of self-generation PV investments are subjected to uncertainties upon declining investment costs and fluctuating electricity tariffs, which are represented by appropriate exogenous stochastic processes. In order to test the practicability of the proposed decision-making framework, the valuation of an exemplary rooftop PV-system in a government building is considered. Results show that while standard appraisal methods wrongly reject the rooftop PV project now and in the future, the option valuation method finds optimal to hold the opportunity open in order to reconsider to invest later. In addition, the method provides an objective value of the opportunity cost of using the building rooftop for another purpose. The proposed valuation approach would result in better investment allocation and faster development of distributed PV power capacity contributing thereby to enhance the sustainability of current energy systems.
关键词： Solar generation economics,Photovoltaic systems,Rooftop PV-Systems,Cost benefit analysis,Decision-making
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Commercial-scale hybrid solar photovoltaic - diesel systems in select Arab countries with weak grids: An integrated appraisal
摘要： Solar photovoltaic (PV) diesel hybrid systems are effective solutions for sustainable energy transition in countries where utility grids are intermittent. An ‘integrated appraisal’ of ’hybrid solar (PV) - diesel’ systems are carried out to assess their overall energetic, environmental, financial and economic performances. The study carries out the analysis of hybridized solar photovoltaic energy using first-hand data and information collected from the Palestinian, Lebanese and Iraqi commercial and/or industrial sectors, adopting several scenarios of tariff and diesel fuel prices, capital costs assumptions, solar PV curtailment, and values for environmental damage adopted from life-cycle impact assessment methods that allow for monetization and are globally valid. Results show that hybrid PV-diesel systems have largely beneficial energy, environmental and economic performances in all three countries, whereas their financial performance are also positive for Palestine and Lebanon, however less promising in Iraq, mainly due Iraq’s heavily subsidized electricity tariff. The study concludes with policy recommendations focused on promoting solar PV in the commercial and/or industrial sectors, namely: the gradual phasing-out of fossil fuel subsidies, the effective execution of net-metering, the provision of subsidized sustainable energy loans, and carefully designed energy management systems.
关键词： Life-cycle assessment,Arab countries,Cost-benefit analysis,Hybrid solar PV-Diesel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Scenarios and Economic Analysis of Fronthaul in 5G Optical Networks
摘要： This work presents a techno-economical comparison between different emerging architectural approaches for 5G networks: C-RAN, centralized, where a BBU hotel collects several streams, able to meet challenging requirements imposed by emerging 5G technology and DA-RAN, considered as an evolution of C-RAN, where resources are disaggregated in order to satisfy the requirements of different applications. Main results, obtained by an analytical evaluation of the cost of a metropolitan area network, show that disaggregating the hardware and software radio access network brings architectural and functional advantages, able to better meet the bandwidth and latency requirements imposed by the 5G verticals. Once analyzed the validness of the solution, we provide a cost analysis that firstly demonstrates that DA-RAN also brings economic advantages w.r.t. C-RAN. Furthermore, observing that the predominant share of the cost of the solution is given by the fiber of the local loop, we evaluate the introduction of TWDM PON in this area in order to share the fiber and reduce the cost of the network.
关键词： TWDM PON,radio access network architecture,Optical fibers,5G mobile communication,Cost benefit analysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Fiberoptic versus Digital: A Comparison of Durability and Cost Effectiveness of the Two Flexible Ureteroscopes
摘要： Aims: We aimed to evaluate the durability and cost effectiveness of the latest digital flexible ureterescope by comparing it with the conventional fiberoptic one. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery between January 2013 and December 2014 were collected. Fiberoptic Flex-X2 or digital Cobra vision flexible ureteroscopes were used for the procedures. The comparison of both ureteroscopes was performed in terms of patient and stone characteristics, operative outcomes, durability, and cost effectiveness. Results: A total of 105 patients were evaluated for the study. The patient and stone characteristics and operative outcomes were similar between the groups. Overall, 54 and 51 procedures were performed using Flex-X2 and Cobra vision, respectively, before they were sent for renovation. The purchase prices were USD 29,500 for Flex-X2 and USD 58,000 for Cobra vision. Costs of per case were determined as USD 549.29 for Flex-X2 and as USD 1,137.25 for Cobra vision. Per minute working time costs were USD 772.04 and 1,471.33 for Flex-X2 and Cobra vision respectively. Conclusions: The digital Cobra vision has high costs without any difference in durability as compared to Flex-X2. Moreover, it has no benefit over Flex-X2 in terms of surgical outcomes.
关键词： Cost-benefit analysis,Ureteroscopy,Ureteroscopes
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36