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Exploring Triple-isotopic Signatures of Water in Human Exhaled Breath, Gastric Fluid and Drinking Water Using Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy
摘要： Water, the major body fluid in humans, has four main naturally occurring isotopologues, H2 16O, H2 17O, H2 18O and H2H16O (i.e. HD16O) with different masses. The underlying mechanisms of the isotope-specific water-metabolism in human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and respiratory system are largely unknown and remained illusive for several decades. Here, a new strategy has been demonstrated that provides the direct quantitative experimental evidences of triple-isotopic signatures of water-metabolism in human body in response to the individual’s water intake habit. The distribution of water isotopes have been monitored in drinking water (DW) (δD =-36.59±10.64‰ (SD), δ18O= -5.41±1.47‰ (SD) and δ17O= -2.92±0.79‰ (SD)), GI fluid (GF) (δD =-35.91±7.30‰ (SD), δ18O= -3.98±1.29‰ (SD) and δ17O= -2.37±0.57‰ (SD)) and human exhaled breath (EB) (δD =-119.63±7.27‰ (SD), δ18O= -13.69±1.23‰ (SD) and δ17O= -8.77±0.98‰ (SD)) using the laser-based off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) technique. This study explored a new analytical method to disentangle the competing effects of isotopic fractionations of water during respiration in humans. In addition, our findings revealed that deuterium-enriched exhaled semi-heavy water, i.e. HD16O is a new marker of the non-invasive assessment of the ulcer-causing H. pylori gastric pathogen. We also clearly showed that the water-metabolism-derived triple-isotopic compositions due to impaired water absorption in GI tract can be used as unique tracers to track the onset of various GI dysfunctions. These findings are thus bringing a new analytical methodology for better understanding the isotope-selective water-metabolism that will have enormous applications in clinical testing purpose.
关键词： triple-isotopic signatures,human exhaled breath,integrated cavity output spectroscopy,drinking water,water-metabolism,gastric fluid
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Water-soluble ZnO quantum dots modified by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane: The promising fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Cu2+ ion in drinking water
摘要： Copper, as an essential element in human body, can have adverse impact on environment and healthy individuals if it is excessive. So it is necessary to establish a rapid and effective method for detecting Cu2+. In this work, we describe a method for determination of Cu2+ based on water-soluble ZnO quantum dots (QDs) modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTEs). The ZnO QDs functionalized with APTEs (NH2-ZnO QDs) synthesized by a simple sol-gel method and displayed strong yellow-green fluorescence with a peak at 535 nm under 350 nm excitation. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, luminescence, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the NH2-ZnO QDs. In addition, the emission from NH2-ZnO QDs was selectively quenched upon addition of Cu2+. Therefore, this finding was used to design a fluorescent probe based on NH2-ZnO QDs to detect Cu2+ in water solution, and the linear relationships were 2-20 nM and 1-100 μM respectively, with detection limit for Cu2+ at 1.72 nM (on the basis of 3σ/slope criterion). This fluorescent probe had also been applied in real water sample to testify its availability in drinking water. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism was studied by measurements of UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescent lifetime of ZnO QDs, which may be attributed to the aggregation induced by Cu2+ and the dynamic quenching existing energy transfer between QDs and Cu2+.
关键词： Drinking water,Water-soluble,Fluorescent probe,Cu2+ detection,ZnO QDs,Quenching mechanism
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE XXVI International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON) - Lima, Peru (2019.8.12-2019.8.14)] 2019 IEEE XXVI International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON) - Application of Solar Photovoltaic Technology in the Extraction of Water for Consumption in Rural Communities in the Highlands of Puno
摘要： The extraction of water in small and large scales is an application of great transcendence at present; it has an impact on rural communities where there is no conventional electricity. The photovoltaic pumping systems are characterized by high reliability, long duration and minimum maintenance, which translates into a lower long-term cost when compared to the electric grid or generator set. In addition, it does not require the use of an operator and has less impact on water, air and noise pollution. The drive line is: a 10 HP submersible electric pump, with a flow rate of 4.5 l / s, ADT of 90 m, drive length 487.5 m, and a volume of 90 m^3. The generation system is 48 photovoltaic modules of 240 Wp. Model SM-230MA12, with a minimum generation power of 11.14 kW. The cost of operation with conventional technology is US $ 2,468.00, the annual energy cost is US $ 11,220.00, and the cost of operation with photovoltaic technology is US $ 3,380.00 and the annual saving is US $ 15,370.00, showing that its operation is according to the HSP and whose estimated return on investment is 2 years.
关键词： peak solar hours,solar energy,water extraction,operating cost,economic savings,drinking water
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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An Optical Fiber Chemical Sensor for the Detection of Copper(II) in Drinking Water
摘要： Highly sensitive plasmonic optical fiber platforms combined with receptors have been recently used to obtain selective sensors. A low-cost configuration can be obtained exploiting a D-shaped plastic optical fiber covered with a multilayer sensing surface. The multilayer consists of a gold film, functionalized with a specific receptor, where the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurs. The signal is produced by the refractive index variation occurring as a consequence of the receptor-to analyte binding. In this work, a selective sensor for copper(II) detection in drinking water, exploiting a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of d,l-penicillamine as the sensing layer, has been developed and tested. Different concentrations of copper(II) in NaCl 0.1 M solutions at different pH values and in a real matrix (drinking water) have been considered. The results show that the sensor is able to sense copper(II) at concentrations ranging from 4 × 10?6 M to 2 × 10?4 M. The use of this optical chemical sensor is a very attractive perspective for fast, in situ and low-cost detection of Cu(II) in drinking water for human health concerns. Furthermore, the possibility of remote control is feasible as well, because optical fibers are employed.
关键词： Optical chemical sensors,surface plasmon resonance,copper(II),drinking water,human health
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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β-Cyclodextrin protected gold nanoparticle based cotton swabs as an effective candidate for specific sensing of trace levels of cyanide
摘要： In recent work, we demonstrate a rapid colorimetric and easy visual determination of cyanide ions (CNˉ ions) in water based on gold nanoparticles stabilized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Optical detection of CNˉ ions were carried out using β-CD-AuNPs by tracking the changes in the SPR band and colorimetric nature of the β-CD AuNPs. This colorimetric nanosensor capably and ultra sensitively distinguishes the CNˉ ions owing to the capacity of etching the β-CD AuNPs surface and form a stable water soluble Au-CN complex. Under investigational conditions, the colorimetric assay demonstrated a steady response for CNˉ ions over a concentration arrays from 4.50 × 10-6 to 99.00 × 10-6 mol dm-3 with R = 0.994. Lowest limit of detection of this economical, naked eye visual approach is 93.00 × 10-9 mol dm-3, which is under the tolerant limit value (1.90 × 10-6 mol dm-3) described by the World health organization in drinking water. Specificity of β-CD-AuNPs based optical platform for the detection of CNˉ ions is superb evaluated with the various potential interfering anions. Furthermore, the proposed β-CD-AuNPs nanoprobe is effectively applied to quantify the CNˉ ions in tap and drinking water samples. For convenient use, we have designed a very stable β-CD-AuNPs containing cotton swab and it revealed good sensitivity against CNˉ ions in the environment with only bare eye.
关键词： cotton swab,Colorimetric analysis,drinking water samples,cyanide ions,nanosensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Ag@Fe <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> Core–Shell Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Probe for Trace Arsenate Detection
摘要： Developing an effective and reliable method for trace arsenic (As) detection is a prerequisite for improving the safety of drinking water. In this paper, we designed and prepared Ag@Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticles (NPs), which were then used as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) probe for trace arsenate (As(V)) detection. The Ag@Fe3O4 core–shell NPs were prepared by in situ growth of Fe3O4 NPs on the surface of AgNPs, which can effectively combine the strong adsorption ability of Fe3O4 nanoshells to As(V) with high SERS activity of Ag nanocores to decrease the detection limit. By use of Ag@Fe3O4 core–shell NPs for As(V) detection, the detection limit can be as low as 10 (cid:2)g/L, and a good linear relationship between the SERS intensity of As(V) and their concentrations in the range from 10 to 500 (cid:2)g/L was achieved. Furthermore, Ag@Fe3O4 core–shell NPs could be regenerated through desorption of As(V) from Fe3O4 nanoshells in NaOH solution, and then used for recyclic SERS detection. Therefore, it has been demonstrated for the ?rst time that multifunctional Ag@Fe3O4 core–shell SERS probe could be applied to realize the highly sensitive and reversible detection of As(V).
关键词： Drinking Water,Core–Shell,Fe3O4,Heavy Metals,Trace Detection
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Genetic Algorithm–Genetic Programming Approach to Identify Hierarchical Models for Ultraviolet Disinfection Reactors
摘要： The performance of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection reactors using experimental data poses major challenges to the water treatment industry, and a regression model has been developed in the water treatment industry to predict UV reactor performance. Genetic programming (GP) can be applied using a process of symbolic regression to create empirical models of data describing a process or system. While classical regression analysis specifies the model structure a priori, GP automatically evolves both the structure and numeric coefficients of the model. GP-derived equations are often computationally complex, however, and do not generalize well for new data sets. This research develops a new model identification procedure that simultaneously identifies an equation to describe a system and hierarchical parameters that are fit for separate data sets. A coupled genetic algorithm (GA) and genetic programming approach (GA-GP) is developed to search for the best-fitting model structure and hierarchical parameter values. Modifications were made to the GA-GP approach to reduce model error while limiting the growth of complex tree structures. The GA-GP method is applied here to identify models for multiple UV reactors by training a model for three data sets. The GA-GP method identified a model with lower error across multiple data sets compared to GP alone, linear regression, and the industry regression model. Including hierarchical terms allowed the search to identify a model that generalizes across multiple data sets.
关键词： System identification,Drinking water treatment,Evolutionary computation,Bloat,Symbolic regression
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14