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Enhancing cutaneous delivery with laser technology: almost there, but not yet
摘要： Preclinical research has shown the potential of different laser-based strategies (direct ablation, photothermolysis and mechanical waves) to overcome the stratum corneum and facilitate the cutaneous delivery of drugs. However, specific protocols for the routine use of these strategies have not been stablished yet. The aim of this review has been to provide the readers with a view of the translational prospects of the different laser technologies with regards to their utility for enhancing the penetration of drugs.
关键词： Photothermolysis,Direct ablation,CO2 laser,Er:YAG laser,Mechanical waves,Medical lasers
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ultrasonic-Enhanced Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid
摘要： Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is known to be a promising method for synthesizing metal nanoparticles. In this study, gold and silver nanoparticles were fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted LAL. Gold and silver plates were ablated using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, with a wavelength of 532 nm and energy of 26.4 J cm?2, in distilled water in the presence and absence of an ultrasonic ?eld. The fabricated solution was analyzed with an ultraviolet?visible (UV?vis) nanoparticle colloidal spectrometer, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ζ-potential measurement. The craters on the silver plates were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a laser microscope, and MATLAB to observe their morphology and calculate the volume to obtain the concentration of the fabricated nanoparticle solution. Optical emissions were observed to study the characteristics of the laser. The results showed that ultrasonic-assisted LAL has considerable potential for fabricating superior metal nanoparticles.
关键词： Silver nanoparticles,Ultrasonic-assisted,Nd:YAG laser,Laser ablation in liquid,Gold nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Quantitative spatially resolved <i>post-mortem</i> analysis of lithium distribution and transition metal depositions on cycled electrodes <i>via</i> a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry method
摘要： Diminishing the loss of performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is a challenge that is yet to be ful?lled. Understanding of deterioration processes and mechanisms (i.e., so-called aging) requires analytically accurate examination of aged cells. Changes in the distribution of lithium or transition metals in the LIB cells can in?uence their cycle and calendar life signi?cantly. As electrochemically treated cells and especially their electrodes do not age homogeneously and the local electrochemistry (e.g. deposition patterns) is strongly dependent on surface properties, bulk analysis is not a satisfactory investigation method. Therefore, a surface sensitive method, namely laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) is presented. LIB cells with lithium metal oxide LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM111) as cathode material and graphite as anode material are investigated using a 213 nm Nd:YAG laser.
关键词： graphite,aging,laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry,NCM111,LA-ICP-OES,LIBs,Nd:YAG laser,lithium ion batteries
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Easy-handling minimum mass laser target scaffold based on sub-millimeter air bubble -An example of laser plasma extreme ultraviolet generation-
摘要： Low density materials can control plasma properties of laser absorption, which can enhance quantum beam generation. The recent practical extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) is the first industrial example of laser plasma source with low density targets. Here we propose an easy-handling target source based on a hollow sub-millimeter microcapsule fabricated from polyelectrolyte cationic and anionic surfactant on air bubbles. The lightweight microcapsules acted as a scaffold for surface coating by tin (IV) oxide nanoparticles (22–48%), and then dried. As a proof of concept study, the microcapsules were ablated with a Nd:YAG laser (7.1 × 1010 W/cm2, 1 ns) to generate 13.5 nm EUV relatively directed to laser incidence. The laser conversion efficiency (CE) at 13.5 nm 2% bandwidth from the tin-coated microcapsule (0.8%) was competitive compared with bulk tin (1%). We propose that microcapsule aggregates could be utilized as a potential small scale/compact EUV source, and future quantum beam sources by changing the coating to other elements.
关键词： extreme ultraviolet light,tin oxide nanoparticles,Nd:YAG laser,microcapsule,low density materials,laser plasma
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Numerical simulation of temperature distribution and experimentation in laser beam welding of SS317L alloy
摘要： In the present study stainless steel 317L grade was chosen for joining using 400w Nd-YAG laser beam welding process. Tensile strength and temperature distribution are considered as output responses while Welding current, Frequency, Pulse width are taken as process parameters. A butt configuration of 5 mm thick plate of austenitic steel alloy and K-type digital thermocouple was used to observe the temperature experimentally. The welded plates are cut using Electro-discharge machining to prepare Tensile test specimens according to ASTME21 standard. The specimens are tested to get stress-strain graphs and ultimate tensile strengths for all the 9 cases (as per L9 Orthogonal array). Additionally, a 2D transient thermal-structural numerical simulation model was developed to simulate the complete laser welding process. The effect of each parameter has been studied experimentally and numerically. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used for finding out the contribution of each input factor on the output response with the help of MINITAB software. The optimised values of process parameters are utilised to get the thermal profiles and heat-affected zone using finite element simulations. The finite element calculation of process was carried out by a parametric design language APDL available in the ANSYS finite element code. The temperature values obtained using finite element simulation and experiments are matching reasonably good with an error of 12% hence the developed simulated model can be used to study related parameters.
关键词： Tensile strength,Laser beam welding,Optimization,Simulation,FEM,Nd-YAG laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Corneal Inlay Damage After Cosmetic Laser Treatment of the Eyelid With Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser
摘要： IMPORTANCE Protective eyewear or corneal shields are recommended during cosmetic facial laser treatment. OBJECTIVE To describe the occurrence of corneal inlay damage following treatment to the eyelids and face with an Nd:YAG laser. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This observational case report includes a single incident case cared for at a tertiary care center. A 58-year-old man who had undergone bilateral uncomplicated myopic laser in situ keratomileusis surgery in 2003 and corneal inlay implant in the nondominant left eye in 2013 experienced decreased visual acuity (VA) and pain in the left eye after the application of 2 passes of the Nd:YAG laser to his face and both eyelids for facial tightening. At presentation, the uncorrected VA was counting fingers OS and 20/20 OD. Slitlamp biomicroscopy showed a corneal epithelial defect overlying a deformed corneal inlay, peripheral scattered pigmentary deposits, corneal haze, and brown discoloration of the lamellar pocket of the inlay. He underwent explant of the inlay and debridement 48 hours later because of deteriorating VA and increasing corneal haze. EXPOSURE Application of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm to the middle one-third of both upper eyelids and the periorbital region in a man with a corneal inlay implant. Corneal shields were not worn during the procedure. The peak penetration depth of this laser system is approximately 4 mm. The mean (SD) thickness of the upper eyelid in Asian eyes is 1.127 (0.238) mm. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Improvement of corneal inlay damage. RESULTS In this 58-year-old man, 3 months after the inlay explant, the intrastromal discoloration had resolved. There was still residual corneal haze, but the patient was able to achieve a best-corrected VA of 20/25 OS for distance and J3 (Snellen equivalent, 20/30) OS for near. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the exact cause and effect cannot be determined from a single case, our findings suggest that a history of corneal inlay implant should be asked about prior to any long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment to the periorbital skin and eyelids. Furthermore, these findings suggest that laser treatment to the eyelids should be avoided and that protective eyewear or corneal shields are recommended during cosmetic facial laser treatment in all patients.
关键词： corneal inlay damage,Nd:YAG laser,corneal shields,cosmetic laser treatment,protective eyewear
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Re: Erbium:YAG Laser Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Midterm Data
摘要： The role of intravaginal laser therapy for the treatment of women with a clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence was the focus of the recent study by Kuszka and colleagues. To evaluate subjective and objective outcomes of Er:YAG therapy with SMOOTH mode technology, the authors enrolled 59 women, of whom 32 had grade I (54%), 16 had grade II (27%), and 11 had grade III SUI (19%). Using validated questionnaires (ICIQ-UI SF, PISQ 12) and 1-h pad weight at baseline, after two, four, and five laser sessions, and at 6-mo and 2-yr follow-up, the authors found that intravaginal laser therapy led to cure/improvement for grades I and II but not for severe SUI. At least three laser sessions at intervals of 1 mo are required to obtain better results from laser therapy. Outcomes at the 6-mo and 2-yr follow-up visits were similar, indicating that laser treatment is suitable and does not need to be repeated within 2 yr.
关键词： Female Stress,Urinary Incontinence,Midterm Data,Treatment,Erbium:YAG Laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Advanced Application of Holmium: YAG Laser Combined ALA-PDT for the Treatment of Refractory Condylomata Acuminata in Anal Canal
摘要： Background: Anal canal condylomata acuminata is a disease caused by the human papilloma virus. Conventional cauterizing laser treatment cannot achieve a satisfactory result owing to a high recurrence rate, and the application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) also has limitations in the anal canal. Holmium yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho: YAG) laser with fiber is found to be effective at removing canal lesions, and may create suitable conditions for ALA-PDT. We aim to investigate the feasibility of Ho: YAG laser combined with ALA-PDT and to explore a more optimal therapy in refractory anal canal condylomata. Methods: Data of 37 patients with anal canal condylomata (number of warts≥ 10 lesions) from May 2017 to March 2019 were reviewed. In total 17 cases were treated with Ho: YAG laser plus ALA-PDT, and 20 patients treated with CO2 laser plus ALA-PDT were selected as control. Wart clearance and recurrence rates were evaluated as well as laser complications. Results: Most warts (88.23 %) were removed after a session of Ho: YAG laser pretreatment. The average number of laser sessions required to clear all warts was 1.94 in the Ho: YAG laser plus ALA-PDT group. Meanwhile, no wound infections or defecation disfunctions were found. Ho: YAG laser with ALA-PDT could significantly reduce wart recurrence rates (17.6 %) in comparison with CO2 laser with ALA-PDT (55 %). Conclusions: Ho: YAG laser combined with ALA-PDT raised the cure rate of refractory anal canal condylomata and has important guidance implications for clinical application.
关键词： Anal canal,ALA-PDT,Condylomata acuminata,Holmium: YAG laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Modern Vitreolysis - YAG Laser Treatment Now a Real Solution for the Treatment of Symptomatic Floaters
摘要： I review the background of laser floater treatment and address the differences between the old technology, and the new technology of YAG lasers I also review some recent publications and discuss the importance of careful patient selection, some of the adverse events, and patient outcomes.
关键词： YAG,laser,Vitreolysis,Floaters
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Tackling conservation challenges using erbium lasers: case studies at the British Museum
摘要： Research was conducted at the British Museum to investigate the potential of Er:YAG lasers to address challenging conservation problems where traditional conservation methods had failed. The approach followed was to perform laser tests on model samples and unregistered objects to determine the laser alteration threshold fluence on each substrate and the ability of the laser to remove contaminants, such as inorganic crusts and organic coatings. The effects of the laser were assessed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and colour measurements. If tests were successful on the samples and unregistered objects, the laser was then used on artefacts from the collection of the British Museum. This article details the successful results obtained using Er:YAG lasers for the removal of corrosion from metals, remains of old adhesives from ceramics and shells, mould from polychromed limestone and terracotta, modern overpainting and varnish from a fresco painting.
关键词： Er:YAG laser cleaning,coatings,overpainting,mould,alteration threshold,corrosion
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59