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High-Performance Transparent and Flexible Electrodes Made by Flash-Light Sintering of Gold Nanoparticles
摘要： Metallic nanowire-based transparent electrodes (TEs) are potential alternatives to indium tin oxide (ITO). To achieve a high performance [sheet resistance (Rs) <100 Ω/sq, transmittance (T%) > 90%], the nanowires must have a high length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio to minimize the number of wire-to-wire junctions. Attempts to produce TEs with gold nanowires have been made, and the results reveal difficulties in achieving the requirements. A successful strategy involves creating templated gold nanonetworks through multiple procedures. Here, we present a simple and efficient method that uses flash-light sintering of a gold nanonetwork film into gold TEs (Rs: 82.9 Ω/sq, T%: 91.79%) on a thin polycarbonate film (25 μm). The produced gold TEs have excellent mechanical, electrical, optical and chemical stabilities. Mechanisms of the formation of gold nano-networks and the effect of flash-light have been analyzed. Our findings provide a scalable process for producing transparent and flexible gold electrodes with a total processing time of less than 8 min without the use of heating, vacuum processing, organic chemicals and without any material loss. This is possible because all the gold nanoparticles have been aggregated and filtrated on the filter membranes. The area density of gold is 0.094 g/m2 leading low material costs, which is very competitive with the price of commercial TEs.
关键词： flexible electrode,high performance,transparent electrode,gold nanoparticles,flash-light sintering
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Medium- to long-term survival and functional examination of human iPSC-derived retinas in rat and primate models of retinal degeneration
摘要： Background: We have previously reported that xeno-transplanted human ESC-derived retinas are able to mature in the immunodeficient retinal degeneration rodent models, similar to allo-transplantations using mouse iPSC-derived retina. The photoreceptors in the latter developed outer segments and formed synapses with host bipolar cells, driving light responses of host retinal ganglion cells. In view of clinical application, here we further confirmed the competency of human iPSC-derived retina (hiPSC-retina) to mature in the degenerated retinas of rat and monkey models. Methods: Human iPSC-retinas were transplanted in rhodopsin mutant SD-Foxn1 Tg(S334ter)3LavRrrc nude rats and two monkeys with laser-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Graft maturation was studied by immunohistochemistry and its function was examined by multi-electrode array (MEA) recording in rat retinas and visually-guided saccade (VGS) in a monkey. Findings: A substantial amount of mature photoreceptors in hiPSC-retina graft survived well in the host retinas for at least 5 months (rat) to over 2 years (monkey). In 4 of 7 transplanted rat retinas, RGC light responses were detected at the grafted area. A mild recovery of light perception was also suggested by the VGS performance 1.5 years after transplantation in that monkey. Interpretation: Our results support the competency of hiPSC-derived retinas to be clinically applied for transplantation therapy in retinal degeneration, although the light responses observed in the present models were not conclusively distinguishable from residual functions of degenerating host retinas. The functional analysis may be further elaborated using other models with more advanced retinal degeneration.
关键词： Human iPSC,Retinal degeneration,Photoreceptor transplantation,Visually-guided saccades,Multi-electrode array
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A highly bendable transparent electrode for organic electrochromic devices
摘要： In this article, we report a thin film of polyaniline (PANI)-grafted single-walled/double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a transparent electrode for highly bendable electrochromic films. Our results show that the high conductivity of the PANI-CNT/PET electrode brought by its conductive CNT network, as well as the strong conjugation between CNTs and PANI, can be well retained even after 9,000 cycles of bending with a bending radius of 0.6 cm, which is superior to that of the most widely used transparent electrode, indium tin oxide (ITO) on PET. By electrodeposition of PANI on the PANI-CNT/PET electrode, the overall electrochromic performance of the PANI-deposited PANI-CNT/PET (PANI/PANI-CNT/PET) is comparable to its PANI/ITO/PET counterpart, whereas after 100 cycles of bending, PANI/PANI-CNT/PET can much better retain its initial electrochromic performance than PANI/ITO/PET. The mechanism for the enhanced bendability is studied via impedance analysis. It shows that the enhancement is mainly due to the robust interface between the PANI-based electrode and active layer. The findings provide a new avenue for rational design of highly bendable electrodes for flexible electrochromic devices.
关键词： bendable,polyaniline,electrochromic,carbon nanotube,flexible electrode
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Design of zinc oxide-based surface acoustic wave sensors using a graphene electrode
摘要： Continuous monitoring of skin moisture by using a wearable moisture sensor consisting of the materials that have no risk of skin sensitization, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), is essential to optimize the healing process in wound care. Here we tackled the investigation of the optimum electrode for ZnO-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors to achieve this goal. Al and Au electrodes commonly used were compared with a graphene electrode by simulation in terms of the frequency characteristics of the SAW device. Graphene and Al showed the same tendency in frequency characteristics as the 0 thickness electrode (ideal electrode). Since graphene is suitable for flexible devices due to its stretchability and for the long-term stability due to its chemical innerness, it was concluded that graphene is more suitable than the conventional Al and Au electrodes for flexible SAW sensor devices.
关键词： flexible devices,surface acoustic wave sensors,wearable moisture sensor,zinc oxide,graphene electrode
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The Modification Mechanism of Lanthanum Doping in Ti/Sb- SnO2 Electrode and its Electrocatalytic Behavior of Degradation of p-nitrophenol
摘要： Element doping is one of the effective means to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode. In order to improve the electrocatalytic performance of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrode, lanthanum was selected as a promoter to dop in the electrode coating. The micrograph and the structure of the electrode were characterized by SEM and XRD. Element composition of catalyst layer was determined by EDS. The electrochemical performance of Ti/Sb-SnO2-La electrode was detected by electrochemical workstation. Doped and undoped electrodes were used to treat simulated p-nitrophenol (p-NP) wastewater. The electrochemical degradation efficiency of the two electrodes for treating p-NP was compared. The results showed that 92.8% p-NP was removed when using Ti/Sb-SnO2-La as anode, which is much higher than that when using Ti/Sb-SnO2 as anode. The effect of electrolytic parameters (electrolytic voltage, applied voltage, electrode distance, electrolyte concentration and pH value) on p-NP degradation were also studied. On the basis of electric catalytic oxidation mechanism, the degradation mechanism of p-NP was deduced. According to the experimental results, the electrocatalytic performance of the La doped electrode was superior for the treatment of p-NP wastewater.
关键词： p-NP wastewater,electrocatalytic,rare earths,Ti/Sb-SnO2-La electrode
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Electrochromic Switch Devices Mixing Small- and Large-Sized Upconverting Nanocrystals
摘要： The hasty progress in smart, portable, flexible, and transparent integrated electronics and optoelectronics is currently one of the driving forces in nanoscience and nanotechnology. A promising approach is the combination of transparent conducting electrode materials (e.g., silver nanowires, AgNWs) and upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Here, electrochromic devices based on transparent nanocomposite films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and AgNWs covered by UCNPs of different sizes and compositions are developed. By combining the electrical control of the heat dissipation in AgNW networks with size-dependent thermal properties of UCNPs, tunable electrochromic transparent devices covering a broad range of the chromatic diagrams are fabricated. As illustrative examples, devices mixing large-sized (>70 nm) β-NaYF4:Yb,Ln and small-sized (<15 nm) NaGdF4:Yb,Ln@NaYF4 core@shell UCNPs (Ln = Tm, Er, Ce/Ho) are presented, permitting to monitor the temperature-dependent emission of the particles by the intensity ratio of the Er3+ 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 emission lines, while externally controlling the current flow in the AgNW network. Moreover, by defining a new thermometric parameter involving the intensity ratio of transitions of large- and small-sized UCNPs, a relative thermal sensitivity of 5.88% K?1 (at 339 K) is obtained, a sixfold improvement over the values reported so far.
关键词： electrochromic materials,upconverting nanocrystals,thermal sensitivity,transparent conducting electrode materials,silver nanowires
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 4TH ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018 (EGM 2018) - Bandung, Indonesia (27–28 July 2018)] - Fabrication and characterization of aluminium interdigitated electrode hybrid with ZnO for cardiac troponin T biomarker detection
摘要： This article describes the fabrication and characterization of aluminium interdigitated electrode hybrid with ZnO for cardiac troponin T biomarker detection. The device was modified with one type of probe for the detection of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) biomarker. The fabrication process involved the deposition of ZnO thin film on the aluminium interdigitated electrode (Al IDE) using sol-gel method. The device was then characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and 3D surface (Nano) profilometer. The electrical characterization was performed using current-voltage (I-V) measurement. The results showed that the device was able to detect cTnT biomarker with high sensitivity and selectivity.
关键词： Biomarker detection,Sol-gel method,Aluminium interdigitated electrode,ZnO,Cardiac troponin T
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) - Atlanta, GA, USA (2018.10.31-2018.11.2)] 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) - Non-linear Input Capacitance Determination of WBG Power FETs using Gate Charge Measurements
摘要： This paper discusses the measurement of the input capacitances Cgs and Cgd of SiC and GaN power FETs in order to implement simulation models with an improved mapping of the drain-source voltage vds and drain current id during the switching operation. Based on the gate charge characteristic measured at an inductive load condition using different drain current values and temperature settings, the gate current is allocated to the charging of the gate-drain capacitance Cgd and the gate-source capacitance Cgs. With this approach the capacitance characteristics Cgs(vgs) and Cgd(vgd) are determined in the full operating range of the gate-source voltage vgs and gate-drain voltage vgd.
关键词： wide-bandgap semiconductors,Inter-electrode capacitances,dynamic measurements,cgs,capacitance-voltage characteristics,cgd
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Solution electrowriting of highly stable TiN nanofiber pattern for transparent electrode under extreme environment
摘要： The fast developing electronic industry boosts higher demand of transparent electrode. Nanofiber network design provides a new platform for finding alternative materials to replace the traditional indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) film as transparent electrode. In this work, the TiN nanofiber network with a micron-scale precise geometry was firstly assembled by solution electrowriting. Unlike the ordinary opaque TiN film or bulk, the geometry patterned TiN nanofiber network achieved an ultrahigh transparency above 90%. Due to the electrical conductive virtue of TiN, the network reached a relatively low sheet resistance of 10.3 Ω/sq that can be comparable to ITO and even metal nanofibers. The combination of high transparency and low sheet resistance in TiN nanofiber network paves a way for its application as transparent electrode. Moreover, the figure-of-merit of TiN nanofiber transparent electrode was controllable by simply adjusting the geometry size of TiN nanofiber pattern. A series of oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance tests were additionally carried out, which caused little effect on the performance of TiN nanofiber transparent electrode. This excellent antioxidative and anticorrosive property demonstrates the high chemical durability of TiN nanofiber network, especially compared to metal nanofiber networks.
关键词： Solution electrospinning,Transparent electrode,Figure of merit,Nanofiber network,Chemical stability
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14