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- 2018
- rural electrification
- optimised renewable energy utilisation
- power sharing
- micro grid
- community development
- grid interconnection
- IoT based data acquisition system
- Grid tie solar PV system
- IoT
- Losses in Solar PV plant
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Amrita School of Engineering
- Zeal College of Engineering and Research
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Switched Capacitor-Coupled Inductor DCa??DC Converter for Grid-Connected PV System using LFCSO-Based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
摘要： In this paper, the Levy °ight-based chicken swarm optimization (LFCSO) is proposed to follow the highest power of grid-joined photovoltaic (PV) framework. To analyze the grid-associated PV framework, the characteristics of current, power, voltage, and irradiance are determined. Because of the low yield voltage of the source PV, a big advance up converter with big productivity is required when the source PV is associated with the matrix power. A tale great advance up converter dependent on the exchanged capacitor and inductor is illustrated in this paper. The LFCSO algorithm with the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is used to generate the control pulses of the transformer-coupled inductor DC–DC converter-less switched capacitor. While using the switched capacitor-coupled inductor, the voltage addition is expanded in the DC–DC converter and the power of PV is maximized. Here, the normal CSO algorithm is updated with the help of Levy °ight functions to generate optimal results. To get the accurate optimal results, the output of the proposed LFCSO algorithm is given as the input of the ANFIS technique. After that, the optimal results are generated and they provide the pulses for the system. The working guideline is analyzed and the voltage addition is derived with the utilization of the proposed technique. From that point forward, it predicts the exact maximum power of the converter according to its inputs. Under the variety of solar irradiance and partial shading conditions (PSCs), the PV system is tested and its characteristics are analyzed in di?erent time instants. The proposed LFCSO with ANFIS method is actualized in Simulink/MATLABstage, and the tracking executing is examined with a traditional method such as genetic algorithm (GA), perturb and observe (P&O) technique–neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) technique.
关键词： irradiance,Levy °ight-based chicken swarm optimization algorithm,partial shading conditions,transformer-less switched capacitor-coupled inductor DC–DC converter voltage,current,power,grid-connected PV,GA-NFC and FLC methods
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Grid-connected photovoltaic system employing a single-phase T-type cascaded H-bridge inverter
摘要： This paper presents the control and application of a single-phase T-type nine-level cascaded H-Bridge (TCHB) multilevel inverter (MLI) topology. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of the TCHB and its control by presenting the inverter operation based on a PI current controller along with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) scheme to realize a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system and a novel PWM method offering self-balancing at the DC-link capacitors. In order to attain gating signals for power transistors (IGBTs), the TCHB employs a PWM with one triangular carrier signal and eight reference signals. In addition, a mathematical modelling of the PWM method, along with a theoretical explanation of the self-balancing process has also been provided. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed TCHB topological design, it has been comparatively analysed against other fundamental MLI and symmetric CHB topologies. In addition, to corroborate the working of the control and the PV system application, levels ( ± 2Vdc, ± 2?Vdc, ± Vdc, ± ?Vdc, 0), simulation and hardware results have been presented.
关键词： Nine-level inverter,Pulse Width-Modulation (PWM),Grid-connected,Photovoltaic (PV) system,T-type cascaded H-bridge
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Improvement of energy harvesting capability in grid-connected photovoltaic micro-inverters
摘要： In this paper, a multi-stage micro-inverter system depending on a dual neutral point clamped (D-NPC) inverter is developed for low power photovoltaic (PV) applications. The primary objectives of this study are determined as improving the performance of the proposed D-NPC inverter-based micro-inverter and its controller to ensure better system reliability and promote the overall efficiency. In comparison with conventional systems, the designed system provides many advantages: (1) utilization of lower rating switching components, (2) reduced switching frequency and voltage stress, (3) reduced the size of filter components, (4) higher efficiency, and (5) lower total harmonic distortion (THD). The weighted efficiency of the system is remarkably increased by the value of 2.15% compared to the conventional micro-inverter and reached 93.73%. Furthermore, the THD value of the output current is measured below 3% for the proposed system with the small size of passive filtering elements. Further, dynamic grid support and anti-islanding detection capabilities are provided through the utilized controller structure to fulfill grid codes. Consequently, obtained results demonstrate that the improved system can be a considerable candidate for photovoltaic micro-inverter applications in terms of weighted efficiency, output current THD, and reasonable cost.
关键词： efficiency,PV systems,D-NPC Inverter,dynamic grid support,micro-inverter
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A switchable terahertz reflectarray consisting of crossed metal dipoles set in a graphene grid
摘要： A switchable reflectarray antenna composed of crossed metal dipoles mounted on a graphene grid is proposed for switchable radiation patterns at 1 THz. For an individual radiating element, the single graphene square loop works together with the metal dipoles to offer a corresponding phase response. As an entirety, the grid formed by the attached graphene loops is connected to a particular bias electrode for switchable operation. Taking the practical manufacturing technique into account, the graphene-oxide-silicon structure is used as the bias electrode. The simulated phase response shows that a phase range over 330○ is obtained by changing the dimension of the metal dipoles from 11 μm to 70 μm. The simulated field distributions and radiation patterns demonstrate that the proposed structure can deflect the normal incident plane waves in the predesigned direction when it is biased in a specific state. Once the bias is set to zero, incident plane waves are scattered into different directions.
关键词： radiation patterns,terahertz,metal dipoles,graphene grid,switchable reflectarray
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC) - Tiruchirappalli, India (2019.12.13-2019.12.15)] 2019 National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC) - Input Regulated Soft Switched Ripple Free Current LED Driver
摘要： The main contribution of this paper is the construction of the efficient privacy-preserving protocol for smart metering systems (EPPP4SMS), which brings together features of the best privacy-preserving protocols in the literature for smart grids. In addition, EPPP4SMS is faster on the meter side—and in the whole round (encryption, aggregation, and decryption)—than other protocols based on homomorphic encryption and it is still scalable. Moreover, EPPP4SMS enables energy suppliers and customers to verify the billing information and measurements without leaking private information. Since the energy supplier knows the amount of generated electricity and its flow throughout electrical substations, the energy supplier can use this verification to detect energy loss and fraud. Different from verification based on digital signature, our verification enables new features; for example, smart meters and their energy supplier can compute the verification without storing the respective encrypted measurements. Furthermore, EPPP4SMS may be suitable to many other scenarios that need aggregation of time-series data keeping privacy protected, including electronic voting, reputation systems, and sensor networks. In this paper, we present theoretical results of EPPP4SMS and their validation by implementation of algorithms and simulation using real-world measurement data.
关键词： Homomorphic encryption,privacy,smart grid,time series,security,protocol
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS) - PANGKAL PINANG, Indonesia (2018.10.2-2018.10.4)] 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS) - Comparative Analysis of Applications Off-Grid PV System and On-Grid PV System for Households in Indonesia
摘要： In Indonesia, about 89.75% of all power stations use fossil fuels, and only 10.25% generation uses renewable energy, i.e., hydropower generation, geothermal power, solar power and wind power. The use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas will cause environmental degradation. To help reduce environmental degradation requires the use of renewable energy such as solar energy through power plants in large quantities. In this paper will discuss solar power technically and economically, in this case, the cost of generation per kWh for each solar generating scheme is rooftop Off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system and on-grid PV system. Two schemes were created to calculate the generation cost per kWh for off-grid and grid-connected PV systems based on component prices for several cities in Indonesia. Electricity generation cost per kWh for off-grid PV systems and grid-connected PV system are respectively 4,644 IDR/kWh and 1,244 IDR/kWh compared to PLN electricity tariff is 1,467.28 IDR/kWh.
关键词： off-grid PV system,on-grid PV system,Solar Power Plants
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Enhanced Power Output from the PV with Low Input Ripple DC-DC Converter
摘要： The primary objective of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for PV systems connected to a low-voltage DC grid is to extract the maximum possible power output from the PV array. Normally high-frequency switched mode power converters are employed to track the maximum power. These converters, however, impose switching frequency voltage ripple on the PV output. This causes fluctuation around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) and results in power loss. These losses can be reduced using electrolytic capacitors, however, the electrolytic capacitors’ lifespan is relatively shorter than that of a PV panel. In this paper, an interleaved boost converter is used to reduce high-frequency voltage ripple introduced on panel. Hence, smaller values of longer lifespan capacitors such as film capacitors will be sufficient to curtail the smaller ripple. Moreover, film capacitors are selected based on voltage ripple. Analysis was carried out for calculating voltage ripple imposed on PV module to select input filter more precisely. In addition, reduction in the voltage ripple is calculated quantitatively and is compared with that of a conventional boost converter. Enhanced power output from the PV panel is mathematically proven and experimentally demonstrated.
关键词： photovoltaic panel,switching frequency voltage ripple,PV output power,electrolytic capacitors,film capacitor,maximum power point tracking (MPPT),interleaved boost converter (IBC),low-voltage dc grid,DC-DC converter,photovoltaic (PV) system
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Grid-Assisted Rooftop Solar PV System: A Step toward Green Medina, KSA
摘要： The increasing demands of fossil fuels and its depleting resources are a major concern all over the world. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the electrical energy is produced mainly by petroleum products. This is not only increasing the carbon footprint and pollution levels, but also depleting the natural resources faster. Therefore, there is a need for the use of renewable energy sources. Considering the high levels of solar radiation, solar-powered systems are potentially the best suited for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The techno-economics of a grid-assisted solar powered water pumping systems is presented for two different cases using HOMER software. This paper presents two case studies for the city of Medina KSA for rooftop solar PV panels. For the purpose of reduction of load on the electrical grid, a grid-assisted solar PV system is proposed in the paper. By using this system, a considerable amount of pollution mitigation is also achieved for the city of Medina.
关键词： Solar PV,green energy,Medina,grid assisted
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A prototype of a low-cost solar-grid utility hybrid load sharing system for agricultural DC loads
摘要： The main objective of this work is to design a prototype of a low-cost solar-grid utility hybrid load sharing system to support the agricultural DC equipment that has already been used in the rural area of Thailand. Time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique is employed in the prototype construction, and it is used to evaluate the time interval for two power MOSFETs to switch between two applicable power supplies: in this case, solar panels and grid utility. The time interval is generated by the internal timer from a microcontroller and is divided into two square waves which are 180° out of phase (opposite sides). Each time interval is derived by the fuzzy logic controller and is calculated based on the consumption of electrical load. The experimental results are divided into three parts; first result shows a smooth output level that is consisted of the signal between solar panels and grid utility for each particular ratio. The second result shows a high efficiency of this system upon the variation of load power. Finally, we demonstrate a relatively good sharing of the electrical power when this system is operated under various capacities of the power sources. Our prototype offers the feasibility of hybridization of renewable energy and grid utility in which the technology is easily accessible by agriculturists throughout the world.
关键词： Solar-grid utility,Agricultural DC load,Fuzzy logic control,Hybrid load sharing system
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Impacts of distribution patterns of cloud optical depth on the calculation of radiative forcing
摘要： The gridding process applied to satellite-retrieved cloud properties results in the loss of certain information. In this study, we analyzed the error associated with using gridded cloud optical depth (τ) in calculating radiative forcing from the perspective of the distribution pattern of τ. Utilizing the simulated results from SBDART (Santa Babara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer), we calculated this error in ideal probability distribution functions (PDFs) of τ while keeping the average τ constant, and then used the τ retrieved from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) pixel-level observations to simulate real case studies. The results from both the ideal experiments and real case studies indicate that there is a large dependence of the error caused by gridding process on the PDF of τ. The greatest relative error occurs in the cases when τ fits a two-point or uniform distribution, reaching 10–20%, while this error is below 5% when τ follows a binomial distribution. From the analysis of MODIS pixel-level data from June 2016, we found that the PDFs of τ within one grid point (1° × 1°) could not be simply described by a normal distribution. Although using the logarithmic mean of τ controls the error effectively, the error can still be up to 4%. Our study suggests that using gridded data (especially the arithmetic mean) to calculate radiative forcing may result in uncertainty to a certain extent, which depends strongly on the distribution pattern of cloud properties within the grid point. The PDF of cloud properties should be comprehensively considered in the gridding process in the future.
关键词： Radiative forcing,Distribution pattern,Cloud optical depth,Grid,MODIS
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36