- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
On crack propagation monitoring by using reflection spectra of AFBG and UFBG sensors
摘要： Due to their light weight, small size and immunity to electromagnetic interference, Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) have shown great potential in structural health monitoring (SHM) area. Ordinarily, FBGs are used as the quasi-distributed sensors to detect structural damage by central wavelengths shifting, which has robust problem in real engineering application. It is found that the FBG reflection spectra can also be distorted with the non-uniform strain field caused by crack. Multiple indices can be extracted from the reflection spectra which can provides more information on the crack propagation. However, till now no researches have been investigated regarding the behaviors of different kinds of FBGs for crack propagation monitoring based on the FBG reflection spectra. In this paper, behaviors of the apodized FBG (AFBG) and the uniform FBG (UFBG) sensors for structural crack propagation monitoring are investigated. The reflective spectral behaviors of both UFBG and AFBG sensors under crack-generated non-uniform strain are illustrated by simulation and experiment. Three spectra indices, namely the central wavelength shift, the ratio of side lobe to main lobe and the information entropy, are proposed to indicate the propagation of the crack. The results show the UFBG sensors have better performance than the AFBG sensors which are more suitable for crack propagation monitoring.
关键词： crack propagation monitoring,uniform fiber Bragg gratings,apodized fiber Bragg gratings,structural health monitoring,spectral distortion
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
-
The Eye as a Window to Health: Albeit Slow, Research is Progressing on Contact Lenses for Medical Diagnostics
摘要： The idea is a compelling one: a device that looks and feels like an ordinary contact lens but that can continuously monitor a variety of health indicators. For a diabetic, such a lens might update blood glucose levels and, using a built-in flashing LED indicator light, signal when a condition needs attention. Diabetic patients might be saved from the need for repeated finger prick tests and could be monitored for longer periods of time and for a greater variety of parameters at once.
关键词： contact lenses,health monitoring,glucose monitoring,diabetes,medical diagnostics
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
-
Budget impact from the incorporation of positron emission tomography – computed tomography for staging lung cancers
摘要： OBJECTIVE: To estimate the budget impact from the incorporation of positron emission tomography (PET) in mediastinal and distant staging of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: The estimates were calculated by the epidemiological method for years 2014 to 2018. Nation-wide data were used about the incidence; data on distribution of the disease′s prevalence and on the technologies’ accuracy were from the literature; data regarding involved costs were taken from a micro-costing study and from Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) database. Two strategies for using PET were analyzed: the offer to all newly-diagnosed patients, and the restricted offer to the ones who had negative results in previous computed tomography (CT) exams. Univariate and extreme scenarios sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence from sources of uncertainties in the parameters used. RESULTS: The incorporation of PET-CT in SUS would imply the need for additional resources of 158.1 BRL (98.2 USD) million for the restricted offer and 202.7 BRL (125.9 USD) million for the inclusive offer in five years, with a difference of 44.6 BRL (27.7 USD) million between the two offer strategies within that period. In absolute terms, the total budget impact from its incorporation in SUS, in five years, would be 555 BRL (345 USD) and 600 BRL (372.8 USD) million, respectively. The costs from the PET-CT procedure were the most influential parameter in the results. In the most optimistic scenario, the additional budget impact would be reduced to 86.9 BRL (54 USD) and 103.8 BRL (64.5 USD) million, considering PET-CT for negative CT and PET-CT for all, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of PET in the clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer seems to be financially feasible considering the high budget of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The potential reduction in the number of unnecessary surgeries may cause the available resources to be more efficiently allocated.
关键词： Health Care Costs,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, therapy,Budgets,Positron-Emission Tomography, economics,Unified Health System
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
The Value of Outpatient Imaging-Based Cancer Screening Episodes
摘要： In order to shift US health care towards greater value, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is exploring outpatient episode-based cost measures under the new Quality Payment Program and planning a bundled payment program that will introduce the first ever outpatient episodes of care. One novel approach to capitalize on this paradigm shift and extend bundled payment policies is to engage primary care physicians and specialists by bundling outpatient imaging studies and associated procedures—central tools in disease screening and diagnosis, but also tools that are expensive and susceptible to increasing health care costs and patient harm. For example, both breast and lung cancer screening represent target areas ripe for bundled payment given high associated costs and variation in management strategies and suboptimal care coordination between responsible clinicians. Benefits to imaging-based screening episodes include stronger alignment between providers (primary care physicians, radiologists, and other clinicians), reduction in unwarranted variation, creation of appropriateness standards, and ability to overcome barriers to cancer screening adherence. Implementation considerations include safeguarding against providers inappropriately withholding care as well as ensuring that accountability and financial risk are distributed appropriately among responsible clinicians.
关键词： bundled payment,cancer screening,health policy,episodes of care,health care value
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
[EcoProduction] Biotechnology Products in Everyday Life || Performance Evaluation of Solar Energy-Based Distillation System for Groundwater Purification: A Green Concept for Rural Development of Indian Villages
摘要： Globally, increasing water pollution and lack of safe drinking water has raised an alarming situation. There are breaching water treatment systems which are increasing the rate of mortality by severely affecting the health and severe health effects due to lack of potable water. This guides us to develop and initiate sustainable solutions for both urban and rural communities. A common solution for many water-related key issues like an assurance to its availability, its reliability, and purity can be dealt with the development of low-tech systems which re?ect and promote long-term sustainable solutions. The following chapter discusses a process that harnesses the solar energy for the removal of arsenic contamination in water, followed by phytoremediation to treat the generated waste to meet the disposal requirements. The chapter also throws light on alternative solutions relying on solar energy for rural development, with economic evaluation to address the vulnerability of residents in context to the changing environment, climate change, and groundwater pollution, etc. The chapter opens new roads of environmental sciences taking the lead for agricultural biotechnological problems of groundwater contamination.
关键词： Rural development,Public health,Solar energy,Groundwater pollution,Climate change and vulnerability,Remediation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
Automated leaf disease detection in different crop species through image features analysis and One Class Classifiers
摘要： The presented approach demonstrates an automated way of crop disease identification on various leaf sample images corresponding to different crop species employing Local Binary Patterns (LBPs) for feature extraction and One Class Classification for classification. The proposed methodology uses a dedicated One Class Classifier for each plant health condition including, healthy, downy mildew, powdery mildew and black rot. The algorithms trained on vine leaves have been tested in a variety of crops achieving a very high generalization behavior when tested in other crops. An original algorithm proposing conflict resolution between One Class Classifiers provides the correct identification when ambivalent data examples possibly belong to one or more conditions. A total success rate of 95% is achieved for the total for the 46 plant-condition combinations tested.
关键词： Computer vision,Machine learning,Local descriptors,Crop health status,Precision agriculture
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO <sub/>2</sub> )
摘要： Photoprotection has become integral in the prevention of keratinocyte cancer and photoaging. Organic UV filters such as oxybenzone and octinoxate have become controversial due to their potential impact on the environmental and their potential human health risks. As such, inorganic UV filters, ZnO and TiO2, have become paramount in discussions about photoprotection. ZnO and TiO2 are used in sunscreens as nanoparticles, which denotes a size less than 100nm. The smaller size of these mineral particles increases their cosmetic acceptability by users as they are much less visible after application. ZnO has a broad UVA-UVB absorption curve, while TiO2 provides better UVB protection. Overall, the human health risks with inorganic filters are extremely low given a lack of percutaneous absorption; however, there is potential risk when exposed via inhalation, prompting recommendations against spray sunscreen products with nanoparticles. At this time, the known risk to the environment is low though the risk stratification may evolve with increasing usage of these filters and higher environmental concentrations. The continued practice of photoprotection is critical. The public should be counseled to seek shade, use photoprotective clothing including hats and glasses in addition to sunscreens on sun-exposed skin. For those concerned about emerging evidence of environmental impact of organic UV filters, based on current evidence, ZnO and TiO2-containing sunscreens are safe alternatives.
关键词： environmental impact,titanium dioxide,photoprotection,inorganic UV filters,nanoparticles,zinc oxide,health risks,sunscreen
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
[Energy, Environment, and Sustainability] Sensors for Automotive and Aerospace Applications || Corrosion Monitoring and Control in Aircraft: A Review
摘要： There has been increasing trend for health monitoring of an aircraft to deal its life issues and to minimize the operational cost. The corrosion is one of the important factors which limits the life of an aircraft due to material loss and fatigue cracking. The development of corrosion monitoring systems and models can provide the solution for health monitoring and prediction for remaining life of an aircraft. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on different types of corrosion, corrosion monitoring, and corrosion control. The latest studies on aircraft corrosion have been discussed in chapter. The different techniques based on nondestructive testing methods such as ultrasonic, electromagnetic, radiographic, thermographic have been detailed out in the chapter. Further for corrosion control, different schemes of corrosion control and coating removal techniques have been discussed in detail.
关键词： Monitoring,Aircraft,Health,Corrosion control
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) - Bangalore, India (2018.9.19-2018.9.22)] 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) - Pulse Oximetry and IOT based Cardiac Monitoring Integrated Alert System
摘要： Heart-related diseases are the leading cause of mortality around the world. There is a substantial need for continuous monitoring of cardiac values as they are a very significant index of one’s health. Conventional methods of measuring heart rate, spo2, and blood pressure values are laborious, prone to errors and usually requires the presence of a physician. This makes nocturnal monitoring impossible. In this project, we offer a modern day, embedded Systems & IoT based solution for continuous and non-invasive measuring of the cardiac values using an upcoming technology known as pulse-oximetry. This technology uses a medical sensor creating a photoplethsmogram from which we can detect the oxygen saturation level and variations in blood volume in the tissues. This analog waveform is further processed using hardware filters to obtain heart rate and Sp02 values. These values are digitized using the A2D converters in the ATmega32 based SoC and are constantly stored and uploaded to the cloud. In case the cardiac values are found to deviate away from the set thresholds, an automated emergency alert system is triggered which uses GSM for automated SOS calls, GPS to track the patient's location and GPRS to make the system truly mobile and wireless. Also, a patient can self-trigger the same alert system by using Google voice assistant on their smart-phone. The end goal of this project is to make a wearable cardiac monitoring and alert system which can be generic or patient specific and help reduce heart-related accidents.
关键词： Photoplethsmogram (PPG),pulse oximeter,GPRS,cardiac parameters: heart rate, sp02,GSM,GPS,Internet of Things (IoT),SoC,OPAMP,wearable health care device
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
Remote sensing of forest health and vitality: a South African perspective
摘要： Commercial forestry plantations are an important and valuable segment of the South African economy and forest managers are required to maximise and sustain forest productivity. However, various factors such as the outbreak of damaging agents are constantly hampering forest health and thus decrease productivity. It is therefore important to detect the presence and spread of these agents within plantation forests, a task efficiently achieved using remote sensing technology. A wide assortment of sensors with varying resolutions are available and have been extensively used for this purpose. This paper reviews the current status of remote sensing of forest health in South Africa by providing insight on the latest developments on the use of the technology in forest plantations. A systematic search was executed on Google Scholar, ScienceDirect? and EBSCOhost? databases that identified 627 articles of which 29 made reference to remote sensing of forest health in South Africa. Four key results were found: (1) the latest technology is capable of detecting and monitoring forest health with great accuracy, especially with the adoption of machine learning methods; (2) studies employing remote sensing to characterise forest health have burgeoned since 2006 with even more applying hyperspectral data; (3) most studies were spatially concentrated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands region around Pietermaritzburg with only a few over the Western Cape; and (4) the remote detection of pest outbreaks and pathogens have received much attention followed by alien invasive plants and a few studies directed to fragmentation. Present and future partnerships may open up opportunities for exploiting remote sensing further; this should address growing expectations from government and industry for more detailed and accurate information concerning the health and condition of South Africa’s plantation forests.
关键词： fragmentation,pest and pathogens,remote sensing,alien invasive plants,forest health
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46