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Oxide-Polymer Heterojunction Diodes with a Nanoscopic Phase-Separated Insulating Layer
摘要： Organic semiconductor-insulator blend films are widely explored for high-performance electronic devices enabled by unique phase separation and self-assembly phenomena at key device interfaces. Here we report the first demonstration of high-performance hybrid diodes based on p-n junctions formed by a p-type poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) blend and n-type indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO). The thin film morphology, microstructure, and vertical phase separation behavior of the P3HT films with varying contents of PMMA are systematically analyzed. Microstructural and charge transport evaluation indicates that the polymer insulator component positively impacts the morphology, molecular orientation, and effective conjugation length of the P3HT films, thereby enhancing the heterojunction performance. Furthermore, the data suggest that PMMA phase segregation creates a continuous nanoscopic interlayer between the P3HT and IGZO layers, playing an important role in enhancing diode performance. Thus, the diode based on an optimal P3HT-PMMA blend exhibits a remarkable 10-fold increase in forward current versus that of a neat P3HT diode, yielding an ideality factor value as low as 2.5, and a moderate effective barrier height with an excellent rectification ratio. These results offer a new approach to simplified manufacturing of low-cost, large-area organic electronics technologies.
关键词： effective barrier height,ideality factor,IGZO,P3HT,hybrid diode,Organic semiconductor/insulator blend
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Hybrid Nanomaterials of Conjugated Polymers and Albumin for Precise Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Heretofore, conjugated polymers (CPs) attract considerable attention in photothermal therapy (PTT). Although various CPs with different structures have been reported, the suboptimal circulation persistence and biodistribution limit their efficacy in tumor treatment. Human serum albumin (HSA), an endogenous plasm protein, has been widely functioned as a carrier for therapeutic agents. Herein, we construct nanocomplexs C16 pBDP@HSA NPs from hydrophobic 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4adiaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-containing CPs and HSA, which exhibit robust stability in physiological conditions and excellent photothermal activity upon irradiation. The high photothermal conversion efficiency of 37.5 %, higher than that of other reported PTT agents such as gold nanorods, phosphorus quantum dots and 2D materials, results in the potent photocytotoxicity towards cancer cells. Simultaneously, C16 pBDP@HSA NPs’ capabilities of near infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging can provide guidance to the PTT. The outstanding inhibition of tumor growth results from great photothermal activity, the benefited accumulation in tumor and optimal timing of treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which combines the BODIPY-based CPs and HSA in one nanostructure and finds application in cancer treatment. Moreover, this article also offers a new strategy for other insoluble macromolecules to explore more biomedical applications.
关键词： photothermal therapy,albumin,hybrid nanoparticles,conjugated polymers,BODIPY
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Comprehensive Review on Appropriate Sizing and Optimization Technique of Hybrid PV-Wind System
摘要： The energy consumption is increasing at an alarming rate due to the growth of world population. Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is becoming more trending as the sources involved such as wind and solar radiation to generate energy is environmental friendly, renewable and sustainable while cost free. Hybrid renewable energy is more reliable, stable and efficient compared to the single renewable energy. Furthermore, the limitation of energy production using single renewable energy will improve by combining two or more such system to form HRES. Solar and wind energy acts as a compensation for each other and the combination of these two systems will be able to satisfy energy demand to a certain degree. This review paper includes various and appropriate sizing and optimization techniques involved to optimize HRES in order to achieve the energy demand while minimizing the cost required.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV),sizing,Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES),wind,optimization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Hybrid Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiuser MIMO Systems using Regularized Channel Diagonalization
摘要： This letter presents a novel hybrid analog-digital beamforming design for massive multiuser MIMO downlink transmission in sparse millimeter wave (mm-wave) channels. The proposed hybrid regularized channel diagolnalization (HRCD) scheme combines analog (RF) phase-only beamforming with linear digital (baseband) precoding based on regularized channel diagonalization. Being a hybrid beamforming design utilizing simple non-iterative processing, HRCD provides a low complexity solution that is capable of outperforming several other hybrid schemes including those based on block diagonalization, as shown through simulations. Furthermore, it is also shown that the performance remains strong even with the use of ?nite-resolution phase shifters.
关键词： Hybrid beamforming,massive multiuser MIMO,millimeter wave
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICONSET 2018) - Karnataka, India (19–20 April 2018)] - Solar hybrid vehicle
摘要： Automobiles were invented in 18th century, it was categorized based on fuel, propulsion and later it was categorized by its exterior looks. During 18th century internal combustion engines used hydrogen as its fuel and then later on gasoline/diesel engines were invented. By 20th century the need for electric vehicles increased as there was scarcity of fossil fuel, increase in carbon emissions because of internal combustion engines and also other harmful effects causing to the environment. Electric vehicles has limited range per complete charge, which created a necessity to develop new energy sources to power the electric motors and there is huge demand for newer methods in order to increase the range and the power of electric vehicle’s which has lead to the development of hybrid vehicles. In this paper the development of hybrid vehicles, its types and many other futuristic concepts would be discussed.
关键词： parallel hybrid,solar hybrid,series hybrid,HEV,electric vehicles,Hybrid cars
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Mix and Match: Organic and Inorganic Ions in the Perovskite Lattice
摘要： Materials science evolves to a state where the composition and structure of a crystal can be controlled almost at will. Given that a composition meets basic requirements of stoichiometry, steric demands, and charge neutrality, researchers are now able to investigate a wide range of compounds theoretically and, under various experimental conditions, select the constituting fragments of a crystal. One intriguing playground for such materials design is the perovskite structure. While a game of mixing and matching ions has been played successfully for about 150 years within the limits of inorganic compounds, the recent advances in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite photovoltaics have triggered the inclusion of organic ions. Organic ions can be incorporated on all sites of the perovskite structure, leading to hybrid (double, triple, etc.) perovskites and inverse (hybrid) perovskites. Examples for each of these cases are known, even with all three sites occupied by organic molecules. While this change from monatomic ions to molecular species is accompanied with increased complexity, it shows that concepts from traditional inorganic perovskites are transferable to the novel hybrid materials. The increased compositional space holds promising new possibilities and applications for the universe of perovskite materials.
关键词： hybrid perovskites,inverse hybrid perovskites,materials design,photovoltaic,DFT calculations
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Solution Processable P3HT/CdS Photodiodes and Their Electrical Characterization
摘要： In this work we apply simple layer solution deposition methods for the assembling of CdS/P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) p-n heterostructures and analyzed their photodetection properties in the visible optical range. The CdS-n layers were deposited on ITO-coated glass substrates by the chemical bath method employing an ammonia-free recipe. The P3HT-p layers were deposited on the CdS/ITO/glass substrates by the casting method from solution by dissolving P3HT in chloroform. As the back electrodes, to complete the p-n heterostructures, carbon (graphite) was used. The electrical properties of the assembled CdS/P3HT hybrid photodiodes in dark and under illumination at several intensities, in the 0-100 mW/cm2 interval, were analyzed from current density versus voltage (J-V) measurements, in the -5V to 5V bias voltage range. From these measurements, the photosensitivity of the photodiodes as a function of bias voltage was determined as 370 mA/W. The response of the photodiodes as a function of illumination intensity was determined from transient photocurrent measurements.
关键词： solution growth,hybrid photodiodes,chemical deposition,photosensors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Hybrid Collaborative Representation for Remote-Sensing Image Scene Classification
摘要： In recent years, the collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) method has achieved great success in visual recognition by directly utilizing training images as dictionary bases. However, it describes a test sample with all training samples to extract shared attributes and does not consider the representation of the test sample with the training samples in a specific class to extract the class-specific attributes. For remote-sensing images, both the shared attributes and class-specific attributes are important for classification. In this paper, we propose a hybrid collaborative representation-based classification approach. The proposed method is capable of improving the performance of classifying remote-sensing images by embedding the class-specific collaborative representation to conventional collaborative representation-based classification. Moreover, we extend the proposed method to arbitrary kernel space to explore the nonlinear characteristics hidden in remote-sensing image features to further enhance classification performance. Extensive experiments on several benchmark remote-sensing image datasets were conducted and clearly demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed algorithm to state-of-the-art approaches.
关键词： remote-sensing images,kernel space,collaborative representation,hybrid collaborative representation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 International Wafer Level Packaging Conference (IWLPC) - San Jose, CA, USA (2018.10.23-2018.10.25)] 2018 International Wafer Level Packaging Conference (IWLPC) - Development of Low Temperature Direct Bond Interconnect Technology for Die-To-Wafer and Die-To-Die Applications-Stacking, Yield Improvement, Reliability Assessment
摘要： The Direct Bond Interconnect technology (DBI), commonly referred to as low temperature hybrid bonding, is an attractive bonding technology with the potential of much finer pitch and higher throughput than any solder based microbump bonding. Dielectric bonding takes place at ambient temperatures while the metal interconnection (usually Cu to Cu) forms at low annealing temperatures ranging from 150oC to 300oC. A 6μm pitch process is currently in high volume production for wafer-to-wafer (W2W) hybrid bonding. Die-to-wafer (D2W) and die-to-die (D2D) assembly has been in development at Xperi. The unique challenges include producing shallow, uniform and well controlled Cu recess on Cu bond pads of 5 um or greater, which is substantially larger than what is normally used in W2W bonding and particle minimization on die surface prior to bonding. Xperi-designed daisy chain dies and wafers consist of chains ranging from 2 to 31356 interconnects. Die size is 7.96 mm by 11.96 mm, which is similar to a typical high bandwidth memory (HBM) die. The bonding studies include 10μm and 15μm diameter bond pads on 40μm pitch and 5μm diameter bond pads on 10μm pitch. The die thickness is either 50 μm or 200 μm. In this paper, we present the latest development of our chemical mechanical polish (CMP) technology to produce uniform shallow Cu recess on 15um circular bond pads. The large pad size allows for a relaxed alignment requirement to manufacturing high throughput flip chip bonders available today. Additionally, high volume production ready process for bonding and D2W multi-layer stacking are explored as well as bonding yield and reliability improvement results.
关键词： 2.5D,D2D,Cu-to-Cu bonding,DBI?,die stacking,D2W,3D,hybrid bonding
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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LONG-REACH OPTICAL ACCESS NETWORKS (LR-OANS): A PROMISING CANDIDATE FOR FUTURE OPTICAL ACCESS
摘要： The ever-increasing demand for broader bandwidth per user, which results from the continuous development of new bandwidth-hungry services and applications, creates the motivation to upgrade the currently deployed Time-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (TDM-PONs) to Next-Generation Optical Access Networks (NG-OANs). Beside the need for more bandwidth per user, a further extension in the range and an increase in the split ratio are highly desirable in PONs. These additional requirements can be achieved by adopting so-called Long-Reach Optical Access Networks (LR-OANs). LR-OANs offer a promising solution that ensures a significant number of users can be supported over a longer range. Moreover, they introduce a cost-effective approach in which both the access and metro segments of the telecommunication network are combined into one backhaul segment, which results in the consolidation of many central offices into one trunk-exchange. This cost-effective approach gave us the motivation to provide a comprehensive survey on the LR-OANs. In this study, we first provide a brief review of different potential technologies, proposed for next-generation optical access. We then provide a review of different stat-of-the-art LR-OAN architectures including opportunities and challenges in each one. A comparison among them based on key network specification is also provided.
关键词： Long-Reach Optical Access Network (LR-OANs),Next-Generation Optical Access,Fiber-to-The Home FTTH,DWDM,Passive Optical Networks (PONs),Optical Hybrid Schemes
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14