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[ACM Press the 2018 Conference - Honolulu, Hawaii (2018.10.09-2018.10.12)] Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems - RACS '18 - Efficient synthetic light field generation using adaptive multi-level rendering
摘要： Real-time global illumination rendering is very desirable for emerging applications such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). However, client devices have difficulties to support photo-realistic rendering, such as Ray-Tracing, due to insufficient computing resources. Many modern frameworks adopted Light Field rendering to support device displaying. A Light Field can be pre-computed and store in cloud. During runtime, the display extracts the colors from the Light Field to generate arbitrary real time viewpoints or re-focusing within a predefined area. To efficiently compute the Light Field, We have combined DIBR (Depth-Image-Based-Rendering) and traditional ray-tracing in an adaptive fashion to synthesize images. By measuring the color errors during runtime, we adaptively determine the right balance between DIBR and Ray Tracing. To further optimize the computation efficiency, we also added a multi-level design to exploit the degree of shareable pixels among images to control the computation for error removal. Experiments show that we achieved up to 3.24X speedup in Light Field generation for relative simple scenes like Cornell Box, and about 2X speed up for complex scenes like Conference Room or Sponza.
关键词： Light Field,Ray-Tracing,Image-Based Rendering,Global Illumination
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Adaptive illumination normalization via adaptive illumination preprocessing and modified weber-face
摘要： Illumination processing is a challenging task in face recognition. This paper proposes a novel illumination normalization method that aims to remove illumination boundaries and improve image quality under dark conditions. Firstly, to improve the image quality, an adaptive illumination preprocessing algorithm is adopted. Then we modify the Weber-Face model by suppressing the components which are greatly affected by the illumination. Experimental results on both Extended Yale B and CMU-PIE databases show that the proposed method can obtain high performance under complex illumination conditions. The accuracy on the Extended Yale B database is 93.02% and on the CMU-PIE database is 70.44%, which is the highest among the similar approaches. This method not only greatly improves the face recognition rate but also keep the computational complexity in low compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
关键词： Illumination processing,Face recognition,Illumination boundaries,Dark conditions,Weber-Face
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[ACM Press ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Emerging Technologies - Anaheim, California (2016.07.24-2016.07.28)] ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Emerging Technologies on - SIGGRAPH '16 - AnyLight
摘要： We introduce AnyLight, a novel programmable lighting device that can mimic the illumination effects of a broad range of light sources —both real and imagined—using the principle of integral imaging. The ?at, panel-shaped device functions in essence as a type of light ?eld display, relying on custom, 3D printed optics to precisely control light rays emanating from each point on its surface, simulating the existence of arbitrary light sources concealed within the device, e.g., spotlight, candle, skylight, etc. A room illuminated with AnyLight would allow occupants to manipulate ambient lighting with a degree of freedom unreachable using existing programmable lighting setups, where typically color is the only adjustable parameter.
关键词： computational light ?elds,Integral illumination,programmable lighting.,integral imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Importance and Applications of Infinite Dimensional Non-Orthogonal Quantum State
摘要： This paper introduces remarkable achievement in theory on non-orthogonal state in quantum optics that can describe macroscopic quantum effect, and gives a survey of theorems in quantum information science based on non-orthogonal state. Then it is shown that these provide potential applications to Quantum Methodology such as quantum reading, quantum imaging and to Quantum Enigma Cipher which is a general model of physical cipher.
关键词： Quantum Enigma cipher,03.67.Dd,42.50.Lc,Quantum imaging,Entangled coherent state,Quantum reading,Quantum illumination
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Getting to know low-light images with the Exclusively Dark dataset
摘要： Low-light is an inescapable element of our daily surroundings that greatly affects the efficiency of our vision. Research works on low-light imagery have seen a steady growth, particularly in the field of image enhancement, but there is still a lack of a go-to database as a benchmark. Besides, research fields that may assist us in low-light environments, such as object detection, has glossed over this aspect even though breakthroughs-after-breakthroughs had been achieved in recent years, most noticeably from the lack of low-light data (less than 2% of the total images) in successful public benchmark datasets such as PASCAL VOC, ImageNet, and Microsoft COCO. Thus, we propose the Exclusively Dark dataset to elevate this data drought. It consists exclusively of low-light images captured in visible light only, with image and object level annotations. Moreover, we share insightful findings in regards to the effects of low-light on the object detection task by analyzing the visualizations of both hand-crafted and learned features. We found that the effects of low-light reach far deeper into the features than can be solved by simple “illumination invariance”. It is our hope that this analysis and the Exclusively Dark dataset can encourage the growth in low-light domain researches on different fields. The dataset can be downloaded at https://github.com/cs-chan/Exclusively-Dark-Image-Dataset.
关键词： feature analysis,Low-light images,dataset,object detection,illumination invariance
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Automated phenotyping of epicuticular waxes of grapevine berries using light separation and convolutional neural networks
摘要： The epicuticular wax represents the outer layer of the grape berry skin and is known as trait that is significantly correlated to resilience towards Botrytis bunch rot. Traditionally this trait is classified using the OIV descriptor 227 (berry bloom) in a time consuming way resulting in subjective and error-prone phenotypic data. In the present study an objective, fast and sensor-based approach was developed to monitor epicuticular waxes. From the technical point-of-view, it is known that the measurement of different illumination components conveys important information about observed object surfaces. A Light-Separation-Lab is proposed in order to capture illumination-separated images of grapevine berries for phenotyping the distribution of epicuticular waxes (berry bloom). For image analysis, an efficient convolutional neural network approach is used to derive the uniformity and intactness of waxes on berries. Method validation over six grapevine cultivars shows accuracies up to 97.3%. In addition, electrical impedance of the cuticle and its epicuticular waxes (described as an indicator for the thickness of berry skin and its permeability) was correlated to the detected proportion of waxes with r = 0.76. This novel, fast and non-invasive phenotyping approach facilitates enlarged screenings within grapevine breeding material and genetic repositories regarding berry bloom characteristics and its impact on resilience towards Botrytis bunch rot.
关键词： Botrytis cinerea,Berry bloom,Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN),Vitis vinifera,Direct and global illumination
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Luminance gradients and non-gradients as a cue for distinguishing reflectance and illumination in achromatic images: A computational approach
摘要： The brain analyses the visual world through the luminance patterns that reach the retina. Formally, luminance (as measured by the retina) is the product of illumination and reflectance. Whereas illumination is highly variable, reflectance is a physical property that characterizes each object surface. Due to memory constraints, it seems plausible that the visual system suppresses illumination patterns before object recognition takes place. Since many combinations of reflectance and illumination can give rise to identical luminance values, finding the correct reflectance value of a surface is an ill-posed problem, and it is still an open question how it is solved by the brain. Here we propose a computational approach that first learns filter kernels (‘‘receptive fields’’) for slow and fast variations in luminance, respectively, from achromatic real-world images. Distinguishing between luminance gradients (slow variations) and non-gradients (fast variations) could serve to constrain the mentioned ill-posed problem. The second stage of our approach successfully segregates luminance gradients and non-gradients from real-world images. Our approach furthermore predicts that visual illusions that contain luminance gradients (such as Adelson’s checker-shadow display or grating induction) may occur as a consequence of this segregation process.
关键词： Brightness illusions,Illumination,Computational model,Reflectance,Image processing,Lightness
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Dynamical stochastic resonance for non-uniform illumination image enhancement
摘要： Images taken under poor illumination conditions have low contrast and dark tones. General dark image enhancement algorithms cannot effectively enhance these images without introducing over-enhancement, detail loss, and noise amplification. In this study, a simple and fast enhancement technique of non-uniform illumination images is proposed based on dynamical stochastic resonance (DSR). The low-contrast images are enhanced through the nonlinear iteration by solving monostable Langevin equation. Iteration parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the intensity distribution of the original images, which ensure the balance of visibility and naturalness in the entire areas. A threshold is defined to automatically confirm the optimal outputs. The enhanced image is obtained by fusing the DSR result, original component, and illumination compensation component. The computational time, no-reference perceptual quality assessment, and lightness order error are measured to evaluate the performance of experimental results. The subjective and objective comparison with state-of-the-art methods shows that our method performs well to enhance the non-uniform illumination images with a low-computational complexity.
关键词： non-uniform illumination,Langevin equation,nonlinear iteration,image enhancement,dynamical stochastic resonance
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Time-Resolved Structured Illumination Microscopy for Phase Separation Dynamics of Water and 2-Butoxyethanol Mixtures: Interpretation of “Early Stage” Involving Micelle-Like Structures
摘要： Phase separation dynamics of a water/2-butoxyethanol (2BE) mixture was studied with newly developed time-resolved structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Interestingly, an employed hydrophobic fluorescent probe for SIM showed spectral shifts up to 500 ns after a laser-induced temperature jump, which suggests 2BE micellar-like aggregates become more hydrophobic at the initial stage of phase separation. This hydrophobic environment in 2BE aggregates, probably due to the ejection of water molecules, continued up to at least 10 μs. Time-resolved SIM and previously-reported light scattering data clearly showed that the size of a periodic structure remained constant (ca. 300 nm) from 3 to 10 μs, and then the growth of periodic structures having the self-similarity started. We think that the former and the latter processes correspond to “early stage” (concentration growth) and “late stage” (size growth), respectively, in phase separation dynamics. Here we suggest that, in the early stage, the entity to bear 2BE phase be water-poor 2BE aggregates, and the number density of these aggregates would simply increase in time.
关键词： phase separation dynamics,hydrophobic fluorescent probe,2-butoxyethanol,structured illumination microscopy,micellar-like aggregates
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Melanopsin-Mediated Post-Illumination Pupil Response in Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration
摘要： PURPOSE. To determine whether melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) inputs to the pupil light re?ex (PLR) are affected in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS. The PLR was measured in 40 participants (20 early AMD and 20 age-matched controls) using a custom-built Maxwellian view pupillometer. Sinusoidal stimuli (0.5 Hz, 11.9 seconds duration, 35.68 diameter) were presented to the study eye and the consensual pupil response was measured to lights with high melanopsin excitation (464 nm [blue]) and with low melanopsin excitation (638 nm [red]) that biased activation to the outer retina. Two melanopsin PLR metrics were quanti?ed: the phase amplitude percentage (PAP) during the sinusoidal stimulus presentation and the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR). The PLR during stimulus presentation was analyzed using latency to constriction, the transient pupil response and maximum pupil constriction metrics. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS. The blue PIPR was signi?cantly less sustained in the early AMD group (P < 0.001). The red PIPR was not signi?cantly different between groups (P > 0.05). The PAP and blue stimulus constriction amplitude were signi?cantly lower in the early AMD group (P < 0.05). There was no signi?cant difference between groups in the latency or transient amplitude for both stimuli (P > 0.05). ROC analysis showed excellent diagnostic accuracy for the blue PIPR metrics (area under the curve > 0.9). CONCLUSIONS. This is the initial report that the melanopsin-controlled PIPR is dysfunctional in early AMD. The noninvasive, objective measurement of the ipRGC controlled PIPR has excellent diagnostic accuracy for early AMD.
关键词： illumination pupil response,pupil light re?ex,intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells,post-illumination pupil response,ipRGCs,melanopsin
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46