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Letter to the Editor: A response to Hruska’s case study on molecular breast imaging and the need for true tissue quantification
摘要： We applaud the efforts by Hruska et al. to quantify differences in tissue using molecular breast imaging (MBI) and background parenchymal uptake (BPU); we have discussed the use of such previously [2]. The approach while commendable did not provide diagnostically useful information to differentiate tissue types. This approach, like the utilization of standardized uptake value (SUV), compares differences in background with tissue [3]. As we have already discussed [2, 4, 5] in the literature, this approach is an incorrect model, due to (1) the critical lack of standardization and calibration of nuclear cameras including both SPECT/Planar and PET; (2) the utilization of ratios which are not absolute values and therefore cannot be used to differentiate tissue based upon those issues, critical to the understanding of tissue differences; and (3) the inability to truly 'measure' transitional changes in tissue, which would allow for the determination of actual treatment response on a per patient basis, saving time, money, and lives.
关键词： Patent protected,AI,Breast cancer,FMTVDM??,Theranostics,Quantification,B.E.S.T. Imaging??,Nuclear camera quantitative calibration,Breast inflammation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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<i>In vivo</i> multiplex molecular imaging of vascular inflammation using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
摘要： Vascular immune-inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the progression and outcome of atherosclerosis. The ability to assess localized inflammation through detection of specific vascular inflammatory biomarkers would significantly improve cardiovascular risk assessment and management; however, no multi-parameter molecular imaging technologies have been established to date. Here, we report the targeted in vivo imaging of multiple vascular biomarkers using antibody-functionalized nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Methods: A series of antibody-functionalized gold nanoprobes (BFNP) were designed containing unique Raman signals in order to detect intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin using SERS. Results: SERS and BFNP were utilized to detect, discriminate and quantify ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and P-selectin in vitro on human endothelial cells and ex vivo in human coronary arteries. Ultimately, non-invasive multiplex imaging of adhesion molecules in a humanized mouse model was demonstrated in vivo following intravenous injection of the nanoprobes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that multiplexed SERS-based molecular imaging can indicate the status of vascular inflammation in vivo and gives promise for SERS as a clinical imaging technique for cardiovascular disease in the future.
关键词： vascular inflammation,molecular imaging,multiplexing,atherosclerosis,surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Comparison of choroidal neovascularization secondary to white dot syndromes and age-related macular degeneration by using optical coherence tomography angiography
摘要： Purpose: To characterize and compare choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to white dot syndromes (WDS) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which we imaged patients with CNV secondary to WDS and AMD with either the Zeiss Angioplex OCT-A or Optovue AngioVue OCT-A. Relevant demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and analyzed. CNV area and vessel density (VD) were measured by three independent graders, and linear regression analysis was subsequently performed. Results: Three patients with multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, one patient each with birdshot chorioretinopathy, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, and persistent placoid maculopathy, and eleven patients with AMD with sufficient image quality were included. CNV associated with WDS was significantly smaller than that secondary to AMD (0.56±0.32 vs 2.79±1.80 mm2, β=-2.22, P=0.01), while no difference in VD was detected (0.46±0.09 vs 0.44±0.09, β=0.02, P=0.71). Conclusion: CNV networks secondary to WDS appear to be smaller than those secondary to AMD but have similar VD. OCT-A is a powerful tool to investigate properties of CNV from various etiologies. Larger studies are needed for further characterization and understanding of CNV pathogenesis in inflammatory conditions.
关键词： uveitis,age-related macular degeneration,inflammation,choroidal neovascularization,white dot syndromes,optical coherence tomography angiography,choroidal neovascular membrane
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Adjunctive effects of laser therapy on somatosensory function and vasomotor regulation of periodontal tissues in patients with periodontitisa?? A randomized controlled clinical trial
摘要： Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the changes in periodontal somatosensory function and microcirculation in patients with periodontitis following initial treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjuvant laser therapy. Methods: Twenty-four patients suffering from periodontitis were recruited and randomly allocated into a split-mouth design to either SRP combined laser therapy side (test side) or SRP only side (control side). All treatments were performed by the same investigator at a single visit. Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) were performed at baseline (W0), 1 week (1W), 2 weeks (2W), and 4 weeks (4W) after treatment on both sides of the attached gingiva of the maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical examination including pocket probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed at W0, 2W, and 4W on both sides. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The PPD and BOP significantly improved after treatment (P <0.001). The LDF values were significantly decreased on both sides at all follow-up time points (P <0.001), temperature was increased only on the test side (P =0.017) whereas there was no significant change on the control side (P=0.792). Significantly less sensitivity was observed for all QST parameters (P <0.030) except for warmth detection after treatment. Conclusion: Adjunctive use of laser therapy did not provide any significant clinically advantage or additional effects on the recovery of periodontal somatosensory function or gingival microcirculation in the present study.
关键词： Quantitative sensory testing,periodontal somatosensory function,inflammation,Nd:YAG laser,blood flow
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% Nepafenac versus 1% Prednisolone Acetate Eye Drops after Laser Iridotomy a?? A Prospective, Randomized Trial
摘要： Purpose: To compare 0.1% nepafenac, a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drop, with 1% prednisolone acetate in controlling inflammation after Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in primary angle closure suspects (PACS). Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Participants: One hundred and fifty-two PACS patients undergoing bilateral LPI. Methods: Patients were randomized to 0.1% nepafenac or 1% prednisolone acetate eye drop in both eyes. Medications were given 4 times daily for 7 days, then twice daily for additional 7 days. Investigators were masked to the type of medication. Right eyes in patients with bilateral PACS and the eye with PACS in asymmetrical disease (primary angle closure in fellow eye) were analyzed. Outcome measures: Non-inferior control of inflammation, defined as absence of cell in the anterior chamber at 2weeks and absence of rebound iritis with medication discontinuation, was the primary outcome, while difference in the rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) was a secondary outcome. Results: Both groups were comparable in baseline characteristics, including IOP, and total laser energy. Nepafenac was non-inferior to prednisolone with regards to inflammation control, with one(1.3%) nepafenac-treated patient failing to meet the primary endpoint because of 1+ anterior chamber cell at 2 weeks and 4(5.4%) prednisolone-treated eyes failing to meet the primary endpoint because of rebound iritis (p <0.001). A greater rise in IOP from baseline to 2 weeks was observed in the prednisolone group compared to the nepafenac group (+2.6 vs. +0.6 mmHg; p=0.004), though at 4 weeks IOPs were not significantly different than baseline in either group (p>0.05 for both). Two weeks after LPI, 3 nepafenac-treated eyes and 10 prednisolone-treated eyes demonstrated a 6-15 mmHg IOP elevation from baseline (p=0.10); while 2 prednisolone-treated eyes and no nepafenac-treated eyes had IOP elevation >15 mmHg (p=0.20). Four weeks after LPI, more prednisolone-treated eyes had IOP elevation of 6-15 mmHg as compared to nepafenac-treated eyes (6 vs. 1, p=0.04); no eyes had IOP elevation >15 mmHg. In an unplanned exploratory analysis, 8 prednisolone-treated patients, but no nepafenac-treated patients required repeat LPI (p=0.003). Conclusions: In our study, nepafenac was non-inferior to prednisolone acetate in controlling post-LPI inflammation with less impact on IOP.
关键词： nepafenac,prednisolone acetate,intraocular pressure,laser peripheral iridotomy,inflammation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Pulsed Nd:YAG laser: effects on pain, postural stability, and weight-bearing pattern in children with hemophilic ankle arthropathy
摘要： Hemophilic ankle arthropathy features joint pain, impaired postural control, and abnormal weight-bearing pattern. This study was designed to investigate the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on pain, postural stability, and weight-bearing pattern in children with hemophilic ankle arthropathy. Forty children diagnosed with hemophilia type A (age, 8–16 years) were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (n = 20) who received a three-phase active therapy with pulsed Nd:YAG laser thrice/week (total energy was 1500 J) plus a physical exercise program for four consecutive weeks, or the placebo group (n = 20) who received placebo laser plus the physical exercise program. Pain, postural control (i.e., directional control [DC], endpoint excursion [EE], center-of-gravity movement velocity [CoG-MV], and maximum excursion [MXE]), and weight-bearing pattern (i.e., pressure peaks of the hindfoot [PP-HF] and forefoot [PP-FF], and the foot contact area [FCA]) were assessed pre- and post-treatment. The treatment group showed greater improvement in pain (P = .004), DC (P = .02), EE (P = .003), and CoG-MV (P = .003) compared to the placebo group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the MXE (P = .15). In addition, the treatment group achieved favorable improvements in PP-HF (P = .003), PP-FF (P = .027), and FCA (P = .002) relative to the placebo group. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser is a potentially effective therapy for pain relief, postural control enhancement, and weight-bearing pattern adjustment in children with hemophilic ankle arthropathy.
关键词： Dynamic stability limits,Hemophilia,Plantar pressure,High-intensity laser therapy,Joint inflammation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser microdissection-based microproteomics of the hippocampus of a rat epilepsy model reveals regional differences in protein abundances
摘要： Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a chronic neurological disorder affecting almost 40% of adult patients with epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common histopathological abnormality found in patients with MTLE. HS is characterised by extensive neuronal loss in different hippocampus sub-regions. In this study, we used laser microdissection-based microproteomics to determine the protein abundances in different regions and layers of the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) in an electric stimulation rodent model which displays classical HS damage similar to that found in patients with MTLE. Our results indicate that there are differences in the proteomic profiles of different layers (granule cell and molecular), as well as different regions, of the DG (ventral and dorsal). We have identified new signalling pathways and proteins present in specific layers and regions of the DG, such as PARK7, RACK1, and connexin 31/gap junction. We also found two major signalling pathways that are common to all layers and regions: inflammation and energy metabolism. Finally, our results highlight the utility of high-throughput microproteomics and spatial-limited isolation of tissues in the study of complex disorders to fully appreciate the large biological heterogeneity present in different cell populations within the central nervous system.
关键词： microproteomics,rat epilepsy model,hippocampus,protein abundances,Laser microdissection,PARK7,energy metabolism,connexin 31/gap junction,RACK1,inflammation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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<p>InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Cause Inflammatory Response in Macrophages Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative stress</p>
摘要： Quantum dots (QDs) are widely used semiconductor nanomaterials. Indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (InP/ZnS) QDs are becoming potential alternatives to toxic heavy metal-containing QDs. However, the potential toxicity and, in particular, the immunotoxicity of InP/ZnS QDs are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of InP/ZnS QDs on inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Mice and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated InP/ZnS QDs. The infiltration of neutrophils and the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using a hematology analyzer and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the in vivo test. Cytotoxicity, IL-6 secretion, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were studied in the BMMs, and then, inhibitors of oxidative stress and ER stress were used to explore the mechanism of the InP/ZnS QDs. Results: We found that 20 mg/kg PEG-InP/ZnS QDs increased the number of neutrophils and the levels of IL-6 in both peritoneal lavage fluids and blood, which indicated acute phase inflammation in the mice. PEG-InP/ZnS QDs also activated the BMMs and increased the production of IL-6. In addition, PEG-InP/ZnS QDs triggered oxidative stress and the ER stress-related PERK-ATF4 pathway in the BMMs. Moreover, the inflammatory response caused by the PEG-InP/ZnS QDs could be attenuated in the macrophages by blocking the oxidative stress or the ER stress with inhibitors. Conclusion: InP/ZnS QDs can activate macrophages and induce acute phase inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, which may be regulated by oxidative stress and ER stress. Our present work is expected to help clarify the biosafety of InP/ZnS QDs and promote their safe application in biomedical and engineering fields.
关键词： indium phosphide,inflammation,endoplasmic reticulum stress,quantum dots,reactive oxygen species
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Physical exercise and low-level laser therapy on the nociception and leukocyte migration of Wistar rats submitted to a model of rheumatoid arthritis
摘要： Rheumatoid arthritis denotes hyperplasia and intense inflammatory process. Treatment involves exercise protocols and use of resources such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to modulate the inflammatory process and maintain physical capacity. The objective was to investigate whether treatment with LLLT and exercise modulates the inflammatory process and peripheral functionality. Sample is composed of 128 male rats, separated into three groups, control, treated and untreated, in the acute and chronic period of the disease with 64 animals in each group, divided into 8 subgroups with n = 8. The animals were immunized with injection at the base of the tail and 7 days after intra-articular injection with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) for lesion groups, and saline solution for the controls. Joint disability was evaluated by PET (paw elevation time) and joint edema and treated with LLLT and/or resisted stair climbing exercise. Normality Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA mixed for the functional analyses, and ANOVA one-way for the variables of cellular differentiation, with Bonferroni post hoc, p = 5% were used. For the evaluations of joint disability and nociception, there was a significant difference between the evaluations, the groups, and the interaction groups-evaluations. The treated groups showed recovery of functionality; it is still verified that laser therapy increased the nociceptive threshold of the chronic inflammatory period, and the exercise reflected in significant functional improvement and modulation of the inflammatory process both in the acute and chronic periods. LLLT, resistance exercise, or a combination of treatments had a positive effect on the modulation of the inflammatory process, reducing the migration of leukocytes, in addition to helping the return of peripheral functionality by reducing joint disability in a model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by CFA in rats.
关键词： Neurogenic inflammation,Rheumatoid arthritis,Laser therapy,Exercise,Leukocyte count
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Hydrogel-embedded gold nanorods activated by plasmonic photothermy with potent antimicrobial activity
摘要： Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) has been used as an alternative to chemotherapy for the elimination of resistant microorganisms; however, its in situ evaluation has not been well studied. In the present study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of a chitosan-based hydrogel embedded with gold nanorods (Ch/AuNRs) using a low power infrared diode laser. The antibacterial activity was measured in both Gram-positive and –negative strains, including clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The cytotoxic effect, cellular proliferation, and the expression of the pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were quantified in a murine model of macrophages. Results showed a potent antimicrobial activity of the Ch/AuNRs with MICs ≤4 μg/mL, very low cytotoxicity with cell viability above 80%, and the macrophage proliferation was not affected for a period of 48 h. These results suggest that our Ch/AuNR-embedded hydrogel could be an option to locally control chronic nosocomial infections using PPTT.
关键词： inflammation,multidrug resistant,antifungal,photothermal therapy,gold nanorod,cytotoxicity,chitosan,antibacterial
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52