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Bio-inspired green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage and selective degradation of cationic dye pollutants
摘要： In this study, biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated via a green synthetic strategy using Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) mucilage. The NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform-Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential analyses. The XRD pattern confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. The morphology of the NPs was uneven where they comprised heterogeneous particles with uniform spheres that had an average size of 29 nm, and elongated and rod-like structures measuring 70 nm. We proposed a possible mechanism for the formation of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 micro-flakes and ZnO. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized ZnO NPs was tested during the degradation of organic dyes comprising methylene blue, rhodamine B, Congo red, and methyl orange in aqueous solutions. The ZnO NPs were capable of the selective photodegradation of the target cationic dyes, where 125 mg of the catalyst removed 100% of the methylene blue solution (32 mg/L) within 60 min and 100 mg was required for the complete removal of rhodamine B (9.5 mg/L) within 50 min. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to confirm the photodegradation results. Thus, we developed a facile, economic, and green method for the production of ZnO for use as a photocatalyst.
关键词： Abelmoschus esculentus,Photocatalytic study,ZnO nanoparticle
更新于2025-11-14 15:16:37
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Plasmonic nickel nanoparticles decorated on to LaFeO3 photocathode for enhanced solar hydrogen generation
摘要： Plasmonic Ni nanoparticles were incorporated into LaFeO3 photocathode (LFO-Ni) to excite the surface plasmon resonances (SPR) for enhanced light harvesting for enhancing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution reaction. The nanostructured LFO photocathode was prepared by spray pyrolysis method and Ni nanoparticles were incorporated on to the photocathode by spin coating technique. The LFO-Ni photocathode demonstrated strong optical absorption and higher current density where the untreated LFO film exhibited a maximum photocurrent of 0.036 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V vs RHE, and when incorporating 2.84 mmol Ni nanoparticles the photocurrent density reached a maximum of 0.066 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V vs RHE due to the SPR effect. This subsequently led to enhanced hydrogen production, where more than double (2.64 times) the amount of hydrogen was generated compared to the untreated LFO photocathode. Ni nanoparticles were modelled using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) analysis and the results showed optimal particle size in the range of 70e100 nm for Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) enhancement.
关键词： LaFeO3,Finite difference time domain,Surface plasmon resonance,Ni nanoparticle,Photocathode,Photoelectrochemical water splitting
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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High-Performance Chromatographic Characterization of Surface Chemical Heterogeneities of Fluorescent Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Core–Shell Silica Nanoparticles
摘要： In contrast to small-molar-mass compounds, detailed structural investigations of inorganic core–organic ligand shell hybrid nanoparticles remain challenging. The assessment of batch-reaction-induced heterogeneities of surface chemical properties and their correlation with particle size has been a particularly long-standing issue. Applying a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to ultra-small (<10 nm diameter) poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) fluorescent core–shell silica nanoparticles, we elucidate here previously unknown surface heterogeneities resulting from varying dye conjugation to nanoparticle silica cores and surfaces. Heterogeneities are predominantly governed by dye charge, as corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that this insight enables the development of synthesis protocols to achieve PEGylated and targeting ligand-functionalized PEGylated silica nanoparticles with dramatically improved surface chemical homogeneity, as evidenced by single-peak HPLC chromatograms. Because surface chemical properties are key to all nanoparticle interactions, we expect these methods and fundamental insights to become relevant to a number of systems for applications, including bioimaging and nanomedicine.
关键词： surface chemistry heterogeneity,high-performance liquid chromatography,nanoparticle characterization,nanoparticle surface functionalization,fluorescence correlation spectroscopy,molecular dynamics,nanoparticle heterogeneity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Contemporary Polymer-Based Nanoparticle Systems for Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Current approaches for the treatment of cancer, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery, are limited by various factors, such as inadvertent necrosis of healthy cells, immunological destruction, or secondary cancer development. Hyperthermic therapy is a promising strategy intended to mitigate many of the shortcomings associated with traditional therapeutic approaches. However, to utilize this approach effectively, it must be targeted to specific tumor sites to prevent adverse side effects. In this regard, photothermal therapy, using intravenously-administered nanoparticle materials capable of eliciting hyperthermic effects in combination with the precise application of light in the near-infrared spectrum, has shown promise. Many different materials have been proposed, including various inorganic materials such as Au, Ag, and Germanium, and C-based materials. Unfortunately, these materials are limited by concerns about accumulation and potential cytotoxicity. Polymer-based nanoparticle systems have been investigated to overcome limitations associated with traditional inorganic nanoparticle systems. Some of the materials that have been investigated for this purpose include polypyrrole, poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polydopamine, and polyaniline. The purpose of this review is to summarize these contemporary polymer-based nanoparticle technologies to acquire an understanding of their current applications and explore the potential for future improvements.
关键词： polydopamine,polypyrrole,polymeric nanoparticle,photothermal therapy,polyaniline
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Scatter Enhanced Phase Contrast Microscopy for Discriminating Mechanisms of Active Nanoparticle Transport in Living Cells
摘要： Understanding the uptake and transport dynamics of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by mammalian cells is an important step in designing next-generation drug delivery systems. However, to track these materials and their cellular interactions, current studies often depend on surface-bound fluorescent labels which have the potential to alter native cellular recognition events. As a result, there is still a need to develop methods capable of monitoring ENM-cell interactions independent of surface modification. Addressing these concerns, here we show how Scatter Enhanced Phase Contrast (SEPC) microscopy can be extended to work as a generalized label-free approach for monitoring nanoparticle uptake and transport dynamics. To determine which materials can be studied using SEPC, we turn to Lorenz-Mie theory, predicting that individual particles down to ~35 nm can be observed. We confirm this experimentally, demonstrating that SEPC works for a variety of metal and metal oxides, including: Au, Ag, TiO2, CeO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. We then demonstrate that SEPC microscopy can be used in a quantitative, time-dependent fashion to discriminate between distinct modes of active cellular transport, including intracellular transport and membrane assisted transport. Finally, we combine this technique with microcontact printing to normalize transport dynamics across multiple cells, allowing for a careful study of ensemble TiO2 nanoparticle uptake. This revealed three distinct regions of particle transport across the cell, indicating that membrane dynamics play an important role in regulating particle flow. By avoiding fluorescent labels, SEPC allows for a rational exploration of the surface properties of nanomaterials in their native state and their role in endocytosis and cellular transport.
关键词： Scatter Enhanced Phase Contrast,Lorenz-Mie Theory,Endocytosis,Nano-Bio Interface,Nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Implementing Inkjet-Printed Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics
摘要： Through the use of solution-based materials, the field of printed organic electronics has not only made new devices accessible, but also allows the process of manufacture to move toward a high throughput industrial scale. However, while solution-based active layer materials in these systems have been studied quite intensely, the printed electrodes and specifically the transparent conductive anode have only relatively recently been investigated. In this progress report, the use of metal nanoparticles within printed organic electronic devices is highlighted, specifically their use as replacement of the commonly used indium tin oxide transparent conductive electrode within organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A cross fertilization between the applications is expected since an OPV device is essentially an inversely operated OLED. This report aims to highlight the use of inkjet-printed nanoparticles as cost-effective electrodes for printed optoelectronic applications and discusses methods to improve the conductive and interfacial properties. Finally, in an outlook, the use of these types of metal nanoparticle inks to manipulate light management properties, such as outcoupling, in the device is investigated.
关键词： embedded silver and copper grid,metal nanoparticle ink,inkjet-printed electronics,transparent electrode,solution-processed optoelectronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The Use of Magnetic Orientation as a Pinning Modality for Investigation of Photon-Magnon Interactions in Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems
摘要： In this work, an experimental setup to study the dependence of a visible-light transmission through a magnetic granular film on the magnetic field direction was presented. The results measured the transmission (T) of the visible light, with the wavelengths (λ) were in the range from 560 to 695 nm, by the magnetic nanogranular films Cox-(Al2O3)100-x system, with Co compositions are x = 10 ÷ 45 at.%, as a function of the magnetic field direction were reported. These investigations were carried out under an external magnetic field of H = 400 Oe, which directs to the normal of the sample surface by an angle varied in the range of θ = 0° ÷ 45°, to magnetize the magnetization direction of all the Co particles following this direction. Consequently, the angle θ between the magnetization direction with the incident-light direction, which sets as the optical axis of the system and always keeps fixedly to the normal of the sample surface, is established. The experimental results showed the different dependencies of T on the angle θ, the magnetic field H, the Co composition x, and the wavelength λ. These dependencies attributed to a behavior that relates to so-called photon-magnon interaction.
关键词： Ferromagnetic Nanoparticle (FMNP),Visible-Light Transmission,Magnetic Nanogranular Film (MNGF),Plasmonic Spin,Photon-Magnon Interaction
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Lattice Zenneck Modes on Subwavelength Antennas
摘要： Optical resonances in isolated nanoparticles made out of commonly occurring materials with high optical losses, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, germanium, carbide, and others, are weak and not sufficient for field enhancement and competing with plasmonic resonances in noble metal nanoparticles. This work presents a novel approach to achieve strong resonances in the arrays of such nanoparticles with large optical losses and points to their potential for efficient light control in ultra-thin optical elements, sensing, and photovoltaic applications. Materials with large imaginary part of permittivity (LIPP) are studied and nanostructures of these materials are shown to support not only surfaces modes, known as Zenneck waves, but also modes localized on the subwavelength particle. This approach opens up the possibility of exciting strong localized nanoparticle resonances without involving plasmonic or high-refractive-index materials. Arranging LIPP particles in a periodic array plays a crucial role allowing for collective array resonances, which are shown to be much stronger in particle array than in single particle. The collective lattice resonances can be excited at the wavelength defined mainly by the array period and thus easily tuned in a broad spectral range not being limited by particle permittivity, size, or shape.
关键词： transition metal dichalcogenides,lattice resonance,Kerker effect,molybdenum diselenide,directional scattering,nanoparticle arrays
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Nanoparticle Emissions from Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon Nanowires for Lithium Ion Batteries
摘要： As one of the most promising anode materials for high-capacity lithium ion batteries (LIBs), silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been studied extensively. The metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is a low-cost and scalable method for SiNWs synthesis. Nanoparticle emissions from the MACE process, however, are of grave concerns due to their hazardous effects on both occupational and public health. In this study, both airborne and aqueous nanoparticle emissions from the MACE process for SiNWs with three sizes of 90 nm, 120 nm, and 140 nm are experimentally investigated. The prepared SiNWs are used as anodes of LIB coin cells, and the experimental results reveal that the initial discharge and charge capacities of LIB electrodes are 3636 and 2721 mAh g-1 with 90 nm SiNWs, 3779 and 2712 mAh g-1 with 120 nm SiNWs, and 3611 and 2539 mAh g-1 with 140 nm SiNWs. It is found that, for 1 kW h of LIB electrodes, the MACE process for 140 nm SiNWs produces a high concentration of airborne nanoparticle emissions of 2.48 × 109 particles/cm3; the process for 120 nm SiNWs produces a high mass concentration of aqueous particle emissions, with a value of 9.95 × 105 mg/L. The findings in this study can provide experimental data of nanoparticle emissions from the MACE process for SiNWs for LIB applications, and can help the environmental impact assessment and life cycle assessment of the technology in the future.
关键词： Lithium ion batteries (LIBs),Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE),Nanoparticle emissions,Silicon nanowires (SiNWs)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A Single Non-blinking Cs4PbBr6 Nanoparticle as a Nano-thermometer
摘要： Inorganic perovskite materials have attracted broad interest in the last several years due to their stability and promising applications as photovoltaic and light-emitting materials. In this work, we prepared Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles showing stable photoluminescence (PL) without blinking and studied the PL properties of individual Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles in the biology temperature range. We found that both PL intensity and lifetime of a single Cs4PbBr6 particle strongly depends on the temperature. The PL intensity and lifetime decrease almost linearly with the increasing of the temperature. The slope of the PL intensity and lifetime versus temperature were as high as 2% and 3% per degree centigrade, respectively. The photo stability and thermal stability were also checked for individual particles. With these results, we proposed that the sensitivity of PL intensity and lifetime of a single Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticle on temperature showed the potential application of a single particle as a nano-thermometer for thermal detection in a local environment.
关键词： Cs4PbBr6,Thermometer,Perovskite,Photoluminescence,Nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52