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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Cleveland, OH, USA (2018.10.17-2018.10.19)] 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Development of a Portable Intraoral Camera and a Smartphone Application for Oral Cancer PDT Treatment Guidance and Monitoring
摘要： Oral cancer presents a public health crisis, particularly in regions where widespread use of tobacco, betel quid and acacia extract lead to disproportionately high incidences of oral malignancies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown to work efficiently in early-stage oral cancer lesions; however, physicians require a method capable of assisting them during therapy delivery, so treatments can be more effective. Several studies explore how to take advantage of photosensitized fluorescent lesions to perform imaging with the purpose of guiding and monitoring patients undergoing PDT; however, these streamlined systems for intraoral PDT treatment guidance and monitoring are needed in order for this approach to achieve optimal outcomes. This paper proposes the development of a smartphone application capable of processing images taken with an endoscopy camera directly connected to the device. PDT guidance and monitoring can be simplified, and treatment could be delivered more efficiently, increasing the chance of achieving a complete tumor response.
关键词： intraoral camera,smartphone application,image processing,android development,photodynamic therapy,Oral cancer,fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Facile incorporation of DNA-templated quantum dots for sensitive electrochemical detection of the oral cancer biomarker interleukin-8
摘要： Recent studies reveal a great value of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, as a potent biomarker for early diagnosis of oral cancer. Herein, a new electrochemical method is proposed to detect IL-8 by facilely incorporating DNA-templated quantum dots (QDs). In principle, target IL-8 is first treated with the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to yield active thiols and then captured by antibody-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs). Thereafter, via the Michael addition reaction between the active thiol and maleimide group, a maleimide-modified DNA probe is linked to the surface of MBs, which can initiate a process of rolling circle amplification. In this way, long-range DNA strands are generated on the MB surface, subsequently recruiting DNA-templated CdTe/CdS QDs (DNA-QDs) to act as electrochemical reporters. By tracing the responses of DNA-QDs, the method allows IL-8 detection in a linear range from 5 to 5000 fg/mL with a detection limit of 3.36 fg/mL. The selectivity, reproducibility, and applicability in complex serum samples are also demonstrated to be favorable, indicating that the method may have a great potential in the future. More importantly, the use of TCEP treatment in the method not only provides a facile way to incorporate DNA-QDs, avoiding the complicated and time-consuming preparation process of antibody-DNA conjugates or functional nanomaterials; but also makes the method capable of being extended to detect other protein biomarkers in view of widespread presence of disulfides, which may hold a broad potential to facilitate efficient biosensing designs.
关键词： Michael addition reaction,Oral cancer,Interleukin-8,Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine,DNA-templated CdTe/CdS quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Efficacy of light based detection systems for early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: Systematic review
摘要： Background: Earlier detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is essential for dental professionals to improve patient survival rates. The aim of this systematic review is to to evaluate the effectiveness of devices that utilise the principles of chemiluminescence and tissue autofluorescence as adjuncts in the detection of OSCC and OPMD. Material and Methods: The electronic retrieval systems and databases searched for relevant articles were PubMed [MEDLINE] and Science direct. The search was for limited articles published in English or with an English abstract and articles published during the period from January 2005 to April 2014. Clinical trials utilized ViziLite, Microlux TM/DL and Visual Enhanced Light scope (VELscope) for early detection of OPMD and OSCC. Results: Twenty primary studies published satisfied our criteria for selection - 10 utilised chemiluminescence and 10 tissue autofluorescence. Senstivity of Vizilite for detecting OSCC nad OPMD ranged from 77.1 % to 100% and specificity was low that ranged from 0% to 27.8%.Most have shown that chemiluminescence increases the brightness and margins of oral mucosal white lesions and thus assist in identification of mucosal lesions not considered under Conventional visual examination. However, it preferentially detects leukoplakia and may fail to spot red patches. Clinical trials demonstrated that sensitivity of VELscope in detecting malignancy and OPMD ranged from 22 % to 100 % and specificity ranged from 16 % to 100%. Most studies concluded that VELscope can help the experienced clinician to find oral precursor malignant lesions. But it couldnot differentiate between dysplasia and benign inflammatory conditions. Conclusions: Both devices are simple, non-invasive test of the oral mucosa but are suited for clinicians with sufficient experience and training. More clinical trials in future should be conducted to establish optical imaging as an efficacious adjunct tool in early diagnosis of OSCC and OPMD.
关键词： Oral cancer,early diagnosis,potentially malignant disorders,VELscope,chemiluminescence,ViziLite plus,tissue autofluorescence
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Rapid, non-invasive fluorescence margin assessment: Optical specimen mapping in oral squamous cell carcinoma
摘要： Objective: Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for the majority of solid tumors. Despite efforts to obtain wide margins, close or positive surgical margins (< 5 mm) are found in 15–30% of head and neck cancer patients. Obtaining negative margins requires immediate, intraoperative feedback of margin status. To this end, we propose optical specimen mapping of resected tumor specimens immediately after removal. Materials and methods: A first-in-human pilot study was performed in patients (n = 8) after infusion of fluorescently labeled antibody, panitumumab-IRDye800 to allow surgical mapping of the tumor specimen. Patients underwent standard of care surgical resection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Optical specimen mapping was performed on the primary tumor specimen and correlated with pathological findings after tissue processing. Results: Optical mapping of the specimen had a 95% sensitivity and 89% specificity to detect cancer within 5 mm (n = 160) of the cut surface. To detect tumor within 2 mm of the specimen surface, the sensitivity of optical specimen mapping was 100%. The maximal observed penetration depth of panitumumab-IRDye800 through human tissue in our study was 6.3 mm. Conclusion: Optical specimen mapping is a highly sensitive and specific method for evaluation of margins within < 5 mm of the tumor mass in HNSCC specimens. This technology has potentially broad applications for ensuring adequate tumor resection and negative margins in head and neck cancers.
关键词： Near-infrared,Oral cancer,Fluorescence imaging,Squamous cell carcinoma,Molecular imaging,Optical specimen mapping
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Point-of-care, smartphone-based, dual-modality, dual-view, oral cancer screening device with neural network classification for low-resource communities
摘要： Oral cancer is a growing health issue in a number of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The described dual-modality, dual-view, point-of-care oral cancer screening device, developed for high-risk populations in remote regions with limited infrastructure, implements autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and white light imaging (WLI) on a smartphone platform, enabling early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions in the oral cavity with the potential to reduce morbidity, mortality, and overall healthcare costs. Using a custom Android application, this device synchronizes external light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and image capture for AFI and WLI. Data is uploaded to a cloud server for diagnosis by a remote specialist through a web app, with the ability to transmit triage instructions back to the device and patient. Finally, with the on-site specialist’s diagnosis as the gold-standard, the remote specialist and a convolutional neural network (CNN) were able to classify 170 image pairs into ‘suspicious’ and ‘not suspicious’ with sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values ranging from 81.25% to 94.94%.
关键词： convolutional neural network,screening device,oral cancer,low-resource communities,smartphone-based,autofluorescence imaging,white light imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Vibrational Microspectroscopy for Cancer Screening
摘要： Vibrational spectroscopy analyses vibrations within a molecule and can be used to characterise a molecular structure. Raman spectroscopy is one of the vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in which incident radiation is used to induce vibrations in the molecules of a sample, and the scattered radiation may be used to characterise the sample in a rapid and non-destructive manner. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a complementary vibrational spectroscopic technique based on the absorption of IR radiation by the sample. Molecules absorb specific frequencies of the incident light which are characteristic of their structure. IR and Raman spectroscopy are sensitive to subtle biochemical changes occurring at the molecular level allowing spectral variations corresponding to disease onset to be detected. Over the past 15 years, there have been numerous reports demonstrating the potential of IR and Raman spectroscopy together with multivariate statistical analysis techniques for the detection of a variety of cancers including, breast, lung, brain, colon, oral, oesophageal, prostate and cervical cancer. This paper discusses the recent advances and the future perspectives in relation to cancer screening applications, focussing on cervical and oral cancer.
关键词： cytology,oral cancer,Raman spectroscopy,FTIR spectroscopy,optical diagnosis,cervical cancer,lasers,screening
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Nanogold-based Photosensitizers Probes for Dual-model Bioimaging and Therapy of Cancer
摘要： Reported here is the use of novel nanogold based photosensitisers (nanosensitisers) as optical diagnostic probes and as potential photodynamic and photothermal cancer therapeutic agents using an in vitro cancer cell model. Such multi-modal nanosensitisers were constructed by layering photosensitisers (Hypericin, Chlorin e6) onto multi-branched gold nanoparticles. Nanosensitisers were conjugated to tumour-specific antibodies to confer cancer-cell specificity. Both oral (SCC9) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were cultured in vitro with various concentrations of nanosensitisers. Cellular uptake and intracellular localisation of nanosensitisers was assessed using darkfield contrast imaging, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy imaging and quantified using confocal fluorescence microscopy. In addition to photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) efficacy, the photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapeutic potential of these novel nanosensitisers was assessed. Treated cells were exposed to light of appropriate wavelength and fluence, and cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was observed that nanosensitisers were taken up by cells and internalized. While the intracellular target of nanosensitisers appeared to be cell type-dependent, they were found to localise preferentially to lysosomes and mitochondria. The nanosensitisers were shown to exert minimal dark toxicity, and significant photodynamic-mediated cell death was observed in the micromolar concentration range (p<0.05). Results from this study suggest a cell-type and photosensitiser-type dependence on the rate of nanosensitiser cellular uptake and intracellular distribution. This has a direct effect on photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of nanosenitisers. Biocompatibility of these novel gold nanosensitisers in vitro was demonstrated and the potential of such novel nanosensitisers as multifunctional optical agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy was highlighted.
关键词： SERS,Multimodality,Bioimaging,Cell uptake,Oral cancer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14