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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Investigating metal-semiconductor contacts in solar cells using magnetic field measurements
摘要： While solar cells and modules are already a mature technology in mass production, contacting schemes are constantly evolving. For example, multi busbar/multi wire contacting systems are currently being developed. During the development and the production of such technologies, it is critical to optimize and to systematically monitor their performance. In this paper, we find that different contacting fault types can be identified by inducing specific current flow patterns through the contacts of a single side of a solar cell and measuring the resultant 2D magnetic field image. Additionally, we explore the use of circuit network modelling in conjunction with these magnetic field images to gain further insights about the contacting schemes. Excellent agreement between circuit simulations and magnetic field measurements was achieved by combining different current flow patterns as demonstrated on a multi-wire contacted solar cell.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,circuit modelling,characterization,magnetic field measurements,SPICE
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Angular Dependence of Textured Bifacial Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells for High Latitudes
摘要： Bifacial photovoltaics at high latitudes can achieve up to 25-45% bifacial gain due to high-albedo snow cover and high proportion of diffuse light. We studied the angular performance of bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells with various textures to understand high-latitude effects on optical losses. For cone and pyramid-patterned designs, efficiency decreases at high angles, primarily due to increased reflectivity, although longer path length through front-surface films also increases UV losses for all surface types. At 80° incidence and 25°C, a <7% reduction in short-circuit current due to change in external quantum efficiency is observed for random pyramid textured surfaces. Simulation is compared to measured external quantum efficiency for a silicon heterojunction cell, and similar trends are observed with increasing angle of incidence. A relative reduction of <1% in short-circuit current is also observed when moving from an air mass of 1.5 to 5 at high angles of incidence. These results will inform future solar heterojunction designs for this application and be applied to refine annual energy yield calculations.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,bifacial photovoltaics,indium-tin-oxide,amorphous silicon,ray tracing,silicon solar cell,texture,angle of incidence,heterojunction cell,air mass
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Small-area Passivated Contact monoPoly <sup>TM</sup> Silicon Solar Cells for Tandem Device Integration
摘要： Tandem solar cells consisting of perovskite and silicon sub-cells are very promising for low-cost electricity generation due to low fabrication cost and high efficiency potential. Due to the limited active area of perovskite top cells available at the moment, the fabrication of small-area passivated contact n-type monoPolyTM silicon solar cells customized for tandem applications is investigated by scaling down from 6-inch full-size solar cells fabricated using industrial tools. The directly fabricated small-area silicon solar cells have an efficiency of 33% for the wavelength range 750 - 1100 nm of the AM1.5G solar spectrum. By optimizing both perovskite and silicon sub-cells, an energy conversion efficiency of 24.9% was achieved for perovskite on silicon four-terminal tandem cells.
关键词： Fabrication,photovoltaic cells,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells using high resistivity substrates
摘要： We investigate the potential advantages of using very high resistivity n- and p-type, to manufacture high performance solar cells. Analytical modeling indicates that high resistivity substrates (10 Ωcm - >1k Ωcm) are required to have bulk Shockley-Read-Hall lifetimes in the millisecond range to outperform wafers with standard resistivities (< 10 Ωcm). Additionally, for resistivities over 10 Ω.cm, efficiencies show to be weakly dependent of the bulk resistivity. These results if experimental verified, can lead to more affordable manufacturing, by lessening the requirements of dopants homogeneity along the ingot. We successfully passivated both n- and p- type substrates using i-a-Si:H, obtaining surface saturation current densities below 10 fAcm-2 and effective minority-carrier lifetimes over 2 ms at maximum power over the entire range of bulk resistivities (3 Ωcm- >10k Ωcm).
关键词： photovoltaic cells,doping,charge carrier lifetime,silicon,amorphous materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Efficiency enhancement of silicon solar cells covered by GeO2-PbO glasses doped with Eu3+ and TiO2 nanoparticles
摘要： An objective of the solar industry is to improve the efficiency of the light-electricity conversion process of photovoltaic solar cells. An alternative to achieve this purpose is to manage the solar spectrum that is absorbed by the solar cell in order to match it with the solar cell responsivity. It can be done, for example through the downconversion process, covering the solar cell with photonic materials that can convert photons of the UV region to photons with energy close to the band gap energy of the solar cell. This process can be observed, for example, through the UV excitation of transparent glasses with low phonon energy hosting luminescent ions with energy levels in the VIS region. The luminescence from these energetic levels can be improved siting the luminescent ions in places with low symmetry. In the present study the optical response to the solar spectrum of GeO2-PbO glasses containing Eu3t ions and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was explored to enhance the efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Results revealed a maximum efficiency enhancement of 15.92% for the silicon solar cell covered with GeO2-PbO glass doped with 1% of Eu2O3 and 0.5% of TiO2 heat treated for 24 h. This efficiency enhancement was attributed to the location of the Eu3t ions in sites of low symmetry of TiO2 nanoparticles.
关键词： TiO2 nanoparticles,Photovoltaic cells,Europium,Luminescent glasses,Down-conversion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A high throughput, linear molecular beam epitaxy system for reduced cost manufacturing of GaAs photovoltaic cells: will GaAs ever be inexpensive enough?
摘要： Solar cells based on GaAs and related compounds provide the highest reported efficiency single junction and multijunction solar cells. However, the cost of the cells is prohibitive when compared with Si and other thin film solar technologies. One significant differentiator is the high cost required to grow the epitaxial layers. Here, we propose a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system design that has the potential to increase the epitaxial layer growth throughput, thereby significantly reducing production costs. A rack-and-pinion based linear transfer system sequentially transfers multiple substrate platens between interconnected growth positions within the chamber, thereby synchronously growing layers on many wafers in the desired order and at the required thicknesses. The proposed linear MBE platform is the basis for a realistic analysis of GaAs single junction photovoltaic cell production cost. Our model projects a nearly 55% cost reduction in epitaxial growth via linear MBE when compared to conventional MBE, and a 85% reduction when further process optimization is assumed and combined with non-destructive lift off. Even when considering all of these factors in an optimistic light, the cost of epitaxial unconcentrated GaAs solar cells using any existing growth process is unlikely to drop below $3 per Wp in the foreseeable future.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,GaAs,molecular beam epitaxy,linear MBE,cost reduction
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Two-dimensional series connected photovoltaic cells defined by ferroelectric domains
摘要： Recently, a large amount of effort has been devoted to bringing p- and n-type two-dimensional (2D) materials in close contact to promise a p–n junction for photodetectors and photovoltaic devices. However, all solar cells based on 2D materials are single p–n junctions so far, where the open circuit voltage is usually limited by the bandgap of semiconductor materials. Here, by using a scanning-probe domain patterning method to polarize the ferroelectric ?lm, we demonstrate a series connected MoTe2 photovoltaic cell with an additive open circuit voltage and output electrical power. The nonvolatile MoTe2 p–n diodes exhibit a recti?cation ratio of 100. As a photodetector, the device presents a responsivity of 220 mA/W and an external quantum ef?ciency of 41% without any gate or bias voltages. The open circuit voltage increases linearly with the number of series connected p–n junctions and can be beyond the bandgap of the multilayer MoTe2.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,MoTe2,open circuit voltage,two-dimensional materials,ferroelectric domains
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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On the use of multiple stacked active layers in organic photovoltaic cells
摘要： In the field of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), ternary planar heterojunction allows widening absorption range. Optimization of the energy levels at the organic interfaces is the first task to achieve in order to obtain OPVs with high efficiency. In ternary OPVs, carrier mobility, charge transfer and presence of energy transfer are determinant. Here, we compare the performances of different, binary (electron donor/fullerene) and ternary (electron donor/ambipolar material/fullerene) combinations of small organic molecules in planar heterojunction (PHJ) cells. We chose the different ED molecules in order to investigate the different possible band scheme alignments. The study shows that if the open circuit voltage (Voc) is limited by the energy levels of the outer layers, i.e. the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the electron acceptor and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the outer electron donor layer, the energy loss can be smaller than 0.2 eV. If efficient ternary OPVs need global energy offset higher than the exciton energy to separate the charges of the exciton, the distribution of this offset between DLUMO and DHOMO is not critical. The mobility value of the carriers in the intercalated layer is determinant in obtaining performance of OPVs. Overlap between the photoluminescence of ED and the optical absorption of EDA is primordial for good energy transfer. The highest OPV efficiency improvement is obtained with organic materials such as ED and EDA that have the same HOMO and similar hole mobility which give homogeneous thin layers.
关键词： organic photovoltaic cells,energy levels,energy transfer,carrier mobility,charge transfer,ternary planar heterojunction
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Recent Progress in Chlorinated Organic Photovoltaic Materials
摘要： Over the past few years, the development of new materials has contributed to rapid increases in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells to over 17%, showing great potential for the commercialization of this technology in the near future. At this stage, designing new materials with superior performance and low cost simultaneously is of crucial importance. Chlorinated materials are emerging as new stars with very high PCEs, creating a molecular design trend to replace the most popular fluorinated materials. For example, by using chlorinated non-fullerene acceptors, we recently got a record PCE of 17% for single-junction OPV cells. Firmly based on recent advances, herein we focus on the topic of chlorinated OPV materials, aiming to provide a guideline for further molecular design.
关键词： chlorinated materials,organic photovoltaic cells,power conversion efficiencies,non-fullerene acceptors,molecular design
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An improved mathematical model of photovoltaic cells based on datasheet information
摘要： In order to tackle the nonlinear transcendental equation and intractability of traditional photovoltaic (PV) cells model, this paper proposes a two-step modeling method based on datasheet information. Firstly, grounded on the assumption that the open circuit voltage and short circuit current are independent of series resistance Rs and shunt resistance Rsh, the PV cells model is separated as the ideal model part and the resistance network part. Then, according to the data provided by the manufacturer under Standard Test Conditions (STC) and Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) conditions, the parameters photocurrent Iph, reverse saturation current Io and ideality factor n are obtained to achieve the purpose of modeling the ideal model part. Meanwhile, the parameters Rs and Rsh are obtained according to the data provided by the manufacturer under STC to achieve the purpose of modeling the resistance network part. Finally, the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of three di?erent material types of PV cells are obtained by the modeling method and compared with the actual experimental data to verify the mentioned assumption. Moreover, the current-voltage characteristic curves of these three PV cells are also obtained and the corresponding errors are analyzed and discussed.
关键词： Five-parameters model,Datasheet information,Current-voltage characteristic curve,Photovoltaic cells,Ideality factor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57