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High-Speed MOVPE Growth of InGaP Solar Cells
摘要： Impacts of reactor pressure and growth temperature on the qualities and properties of InGaP epitaxial layers grown in a narrow-channel horizontal metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor were investigated with a growth rate of 10 μm/h. The roughness of InGaP was improved remarkably when the pressure was increased from 6 to 10 and 15 kPa. The reason is most likely related to the absolute pressure of P and the migrations of In and Ga adatoms on the wafer surface. Owing to the gas-phase reactions and desorption of P from InGaP, the surface of InGaP became rough, and the pit dislocation was increased with an increase in growth temperature. Although a low temperature was beneficial in order to obtain a smooth InGaP surface, the carrier lifetime in InGaP was shortened as a drawback. Consequently, InGaP n-on-p solar cells grown at a low temperature suffered from the degradations of both short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage. Background impurities and defect densities in low temperature grown InGaP were attributed to these deteriorations. At the optimized growth temperature of 650 °C and the reactor pressure of 15 kPa, the growth rate of InGaP was accelerated to 20 and 30 μm/h. InGaP solar cells were successfully fabricated with the rate of 30 μm/h that opened up the way for the fabrication of III–V multijunction solar cells in the high-speed MOVPE reactor.
关键词： III–V semiconductor materials,semiconductor growth,photovoltaic cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thin film deposition method for ZnO nanosheets using low-temperature microwave-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet
摘要： Electronic devices such as solar cells and thin-film transistors can be fabricated using thin-film deposition. Low-cost, low-temperature and high-speed deposition methods are required to ensure that the production of devices using thin-film deposition is affordable. Herein, we report the development of a low-cost and simple thin-film deposition method using microwave-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet (MWAPPJ). MWAPPJ produces a low-temperature (several hundred degrees) plasma under atmospheric conditions, does not require expensive vacuum equipment, and it enables high-speed deposition of thin-films. Zinc acetylacetonate sol-gel precursors that were adhered to stainless steel mesh targets were irradiated by MWAPPJ with oxygen, which resulted in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanosheet thin-films with diameters of 100–200 nm on silicon substrates. We used 50-nm-thick ZnO thin-films that were processed using MWAPPJ as the electron collection layer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. This work represents an important contribution to the design and production of low-cost OPV solar cells.
关键词： Thin-films,Electron Collection layer,Nanostructured Zinc Oxide,Organic Photovoltaic Cells.,Microwave-excited Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Plasma treatment of zinc oxidea??nanoparticles:polyaniline blend as an active layer for the hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell applications
摘要： In this experimental work, plasma treatment of the active layer in the bulk heterojunction solar cells was studied. The active layers consisting of zinc oxide nanoparticles:polyaniline were spin-coated on indium tin oxide covered glasses then kept in the cold plasma medium for different treatment times. The J-V characteristics were considered under air mass 1.5G standard illumination, and variations of the open-circuit voltages and short circuit currents were studied under different treatment times. The results show that there is an optimum treatment time to improve the properties of the layers. In order to understand the origin of this effect, the Hall coefficient, along with ultraviolet-visible spectra were measured, and for studying the topological impact of plasma on the surface of the layers, atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were considered. The measurements confirmed the time dependency of the open-circuit voltages and short circuit currents of the cells on the plasma treatment times. Atomic force microscopy of the layers shows the significant topological effects of the plasma treatments on the surface of the active layers for different treatment times.
关键词： plasma applications,photovoltaic cells,hybrid solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Communication for Smart World (I2C2SW) - Erode, India (2018.12.14-2018.12.15)] 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Communication for Smart World (I2C2SW) - A Novel Architecture to Improve Performance of Photovoltaic Cells using Lens Let Arrays
摘要： The Green revolution as ushered in by the photovoltaic cells is all pervasive. Power production through photovoltaic cells is gaining momentum as it reduces the Green House Effect. But the photovoltaic cells are plagued by severe efficiency deficiencies. It is at only 40% to 50%. In this novel approach the author proposes a new technique of using lens let arrays in combination with a resonance cavity to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells. The lens in a lens let array brings the Sun’s radiation in the form of light energy to a focus on the photovoltaic cell. Since this increases the Intensity of the radiation at the PV cell surface the effective conversion rate of Photon to Electron increases. Consequently the output current increases thereby improving the performance of the photovoltaic cell.
关键词： Optics,Photovoltaic Cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Study of Se and Cl segregation in poly-crystalline CdSeTe
摘要： CdTe based thin film solar cells have shown to be competitive in terms of efficiency and low cost, but the polycrystalline structure and low minority carrier lifetime constrain CdTe based devices from reaching the theoretical efficiency limit. In this work, the effect of Se and Cl segregation in polycrystalline CdSeTe photovoltaic devices was studied. We demonstrated using two-photon time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) that the Se alloyed CdSeTe absorber layer shows high minority carrier lifetime, and used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the origin of such high lifetime.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,II-VI semiconductor materials,cadmium compounds,selenium
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Synthesis of the diketopyrrolopyrrole/terpyridine substituted carbazole derivative based polythiophenes for photovoltaic cells
摘要： A series of conjugated polythiophenes (PTs) having low band gap energies (PDPP, PDPCz21, PDPCz11), with 2-ethylhexyl-functionalized 2,5-thienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) as the electron acceptor and terpyridine-substituted carbazole (TPCz) as the electron donor, have been synthesized and studied for their applicability in polymer-based photovoltaic cells (PVCs). The thermal stability and solvent solubility of PTs increased upon increasing the content of the TPCz derivative. PVCs were fabricated having the following architecture: indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/PT:6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)/Ca/Ag. The compatibility between the PT and PC71BM improved upon increasing the TPCz content. The photovoltaic properties of the PDPCz21-based PVCs were superior to those of their PDPP- and PDPCz11-based counterparts.
关键词： electron donor,photovoltaic cells,diketopyrrolopyrrole,electron acceptor,conjugated polythiophenes,terpyridine-substituted carbazole
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Metala??organic framework nanosheets for enhanced performance of organic photovoltaic cells
摘要： Metal-organic nanosheets (MONs) are an emerging class of two-dimensional materials whose diverse and readily tunable structures make them ideal for use in optoelectronic applications. Here, liquid exfoliation is used to synthesize ultrathin zinc-porphyrin based MONs with electronic and optical properties ideally suited for incorporation into a polythiophene-fullerene (P3HT-PCBM) organic solar cell. Remarkably, the addition of MONs to the photoactive layer of a photovoltaic device results in a power conversion efficiency of 5.2%, almost twice that for reference devices without nanosheets with a simultaneous improvement of Jsc, Voc and FF. Our analysis indicates that the complimentary electronic, optical and structural properties of the MONs allows them to act as a surface to template the crystallization of P3HT leading to a doubling of the absorbance, a tenfold increase in hole mobility and reduced grain size. These results demonstrate the potential of MONs as a tunable class of two-dimensional materials for enhancing the performance of a broad range of organic solar cells and other electronic devices.
关键词： Metal-organic nanosheets,organic photovoltaic cells,power conversion efficiency,liquid exfoliation,zinc-porphyrin
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Nonfullerene organic photovoltaic cells exhibiting 13.76% efficiency by employing upside‐down solvent vapor annealing
摘要： Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) are fabricated with a polymer donor PM7 and a nonfullerene acceptor IT‐4Cl; the morphology of active layers is optimized by employing upside‐down solvent vapor annealing (UD‐SVA) method with different annealing solvents. The OPVs with CS2 as annealing solvent exhibit optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.76%, with simultaneously increased short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 20.53 mA cm?2 and fill factor (FF) of 77.05%. More than 15% PCE improvement can be achieved by employing CS2 UD‐SVA treatment, which should be attributed to slightly enhanced photon harvesting, efficient exciton separation, charge transport, and collection, resulting from the well‐developed morphology of active layer. Moreover, the PM7:IT‐4Cl–based OPVs with CS2 as annealing solvent still can maintain PCE more than 13% in a wide treatment time range from 20 to 90 seconds. This work demonstrated that UD‐SVA has great potential in improving the performance of nonfullerene OPVs.
关键词： phase separation,organic photovoltaic cells,solvent vapor annealing,nonfullerene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Investigation of 23% monoPoly Screen-Printed Silicon Solar Cells with an Industrial Rear Passivated Contact
摘要： We present n-type bifacial solar cells with a rear SiOx/n+:poly-Si passivating contact where the interfacial SiOx and the n+:poly-Si layers are fabricated using an industrial inline plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) tool. Using a simple solar cell process flow that can be easily adapted for mass production, we demonstrate a peak cell efficiency of 23.05% with a cell open circuit voltage (Voc) of 694 mV achieved on large-area, screen printed, Czochralski-silicon (Cz-Si) solar cells using commercial fire-through metal pastes. Furthermore, we show that the n+:poly-Si layers are low-absorbing and can give short-circuit current density (Jsc) values of up to 41.0 mA/cm2 after optimization of the rear poly-Si thickness and the front anti-reflective coating.
关键词： silicon devices,photovoltaic cells,PECVD,mass production,passivated contacts
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Color Quantification for Process Monitoring and Appearance Control of Thin Film PV
摘要： Product color and appearance uniformity are a critical manufacturing consideration in any industry, including solar module manufacturing. These considerations become even more important as modules are increasingly installed in locations where aesthetics is a prime consideration, such as BIPV, automotive, and consumer products. Additionally, the interaction of PV materials with visible light enables objective color characterization to be a useful tool for control of film deposition processes. In this paper we describe our efforts, learning and results controlling product color and using color as a process monitoring and control tool.
关键词： optical reflection,color,photovoltaic cells,thin film devices,process control
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59