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Analysis of a Residential Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) System in Two Similar Climate Conditions
摘要： Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels combine solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies and generate simultaneously both heat and electricity. This paper looks at the potential of integrating these systems into small domestic prosumer households for the climates of Bucharest, Romania, and Strasbourg, France. First, some brief background information on PVT systems and the concept of prosumers is introduced, highlighting their features as well as the solar energy market setting in Romania and France. Next, a PVT system is proposed for a given household consumer in Strasbourg and Bucharest with the variable weather conditions corresponding to the two locations. The PVT system and the coupled consumer are modelled in TRNSYS (v17, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, USA). A performance analysis is carried out in order to establish the daily instantaneous energy output and the annual energy production. The results indicate a 10–12% better performance in Bucharest compared to Strasbourg due to slightly better weather conditions. The system e?ciency was assessed through various methods (?rst law e?ciency and primary energy saving). Depending on the method used, the location and time of year, the results vary from 15% for the ?rst law e?ciency to 90% for the primary energy saving e?ciency. The most suitable e?ciency assessment method for this study was found to be the primary energy saving method, as it takes into account the regional di?erences in energy production. This study concludes that the Romanian PVT market has a good potential for adopting the technology, especially since it is currently less mature than in France.
关键词： photovoltaic-thermal,solar energy,prosumer,renewable energy,micro-cogeneration
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Sizing and operation of hybrid energy storage systems to perform ramp-rate control in PV power plants
摘要： This paper proposes a methodology for optimal sizing of a Hybrid (battery and ultracapacitors) Energy Storage system for ramp-rate control in PV plants. Frequency stability events can appear in power systems high non-dispatchable renewable energy generation due to sharp power output fluctuations. This has caused TSOs in several countries to require PV and wind plants to implement some method for limiting the pace at which the power injection to the grid is allowed to vary (ramp-rate control). Due to its quick response, properly controlled energy storage consisting of batteries and ultracapacitors can perform this task by dampening quick increases/decreases in the power injection to the grid by absorbing/injecting power at the point of common coupling. In this work, a techno-economic model is presented that can be used to calculate the Net Present Cost over the project life of different energy storage devices used for ramp-rate control by simulating their operation. A real case is studied for a PV power plant is presented. Results are reported comparing different configurations of the energy storage system.
关键词： Ramp-rate control,Ultracapacitors,Hybrid energy storage systems,Batteries,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Islanding operation scheme for DC microgrid utilizing pseudo Droop control of photovoltaic system
摘要： The penetration levels of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles are increasing with the increase in the demand to solve energy and environmental issues. These distributed generators and energy storages can be efficiently managed in a DC smart grid by coordinated control. This paper proposes novel management schemes for DC systems to improve the reliability of power supply and improve the introduction ratio of renewable energy sources (RES). The proposed DC smart grid includes multiple DC microgrids. These configurations and control systems must be designed on the assumption of islanding operation of DC systems. In the islanding power system with the high penetration of RES, not only the utilization of energy storage but also load shedding and RES control is important. Hence, an efficient control strategy by using a storage battery, fuel cell and electrolyzer units, heat pump units, and a photovoltaic (PV) system is presented for stable islanding operation of DC microgrid. As the most important concept, a pseudo Droop control is proposed that utilizes the characteristics of the PV module. The pseudo Droop control enables the PV system to suppress the output power properly by using a simple control system without the maximum power estimation. Fault ride through protection for DC system is also adapted to the DC distribution lines. The performance of the proposed DC smart grid is demonstrated through MATLAB?/Simscape ElectricalTM simulations. The simulation results show that the DC microgrid can maintain stable islanding operation under the proposed management schemes when faults occur in the DC distribution lines.
关键词： DC smart grid,Fault ride through,Islanding operation,Droop control,Renewable energy,DC microgrid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly Reliable WLEDs With All-Inorganic Packaging Structure by Soldering Phosphor-in-Glass
摘要： Smart grids are electric networks that employ advanced monitoring, control, and communication technologies to deliver reliable and secure energy supply, enhance operation efficiency for generators and distributors, and provide flexible choices for prosumers. Smart grids are a combination of complex physical network systems and cyber systems that face many technological challenges. In this paper, we will first present an overview of these challenges in the context of cyber–physical systems. We will then outline potential contributions that cyber–physical systems can make to smart grids, as well as the challenges that smart grids present to cyber–physical systems. Finally, implications of current technological advances to smart grids are outlined.
关键词： control,cyber–physical systems,modeling,smart grids,Big data,optimization,renewable energy,cloud computing,multiagent systems,intelligent systems,complex networks
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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CMOS Backplane Pixel Circuit With Leakage and Voltage Drop Compensation for an Micro-LED Display Achieving 5000 PPI or Higher
摘要： Smart grids are electric networks that employ advanced monitoring, control, and communication technologies to deliver reliable and secure energy supply, enhance operation efficiency for generators and distributors, and provide flexible choices for prosumers. Smart grids are a combination of complex physical network systems and cyber systems that face many technological challenges. In this paper, we will first present an overview of these challenges in the context of cyber–physical systems. We will then outline potential contributions that cyber–physical systems can make to smart grids, as well as the challenges that smart grids present to cyber–physical systems. Finally, implications of current technological advances to smart grids are outlined.
关键词： control,cyber–physical systems,modeling,smart grids,Big data,optimization,renewable energy,cloud computing,multiagent systems,intelligent systems,complex networks
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An Empirical Study on the Efficiency and Influencing Factors of the Photovoltaic Industry in China and an Analysis of Its Influencing Factors
摘要： The photovoltaic (PV) industry in China is still in the early stage of development and is extremely unbalanced; breakthroughs in key technologies are necessary. To achieve high e?ciency and sustainable development, it is important to identify the bottleneck of the whole industry chain through the analysis of overall industrial technical e?ciency. Based on the current situation of the PV industry, this study builds the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to respectively evaluate the e?ciency of PV devices and power generation in the PV industrial chain. The Tobit model is used to conduct an empirical analysis of the factors a?ecting the e?ciency of the PV industry. The results show that the industrial e?ciency of PV devices is at a medium level and that it is necessary to strengthen regulation and awareness at the industrial scale. However, the PV power generation industry as a whole is at a low e?ciency level, especially the inadequate technical level, which has a negative impact on the improvement of industrial e?ciency. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions at the enterprise and government level are put forward to improve the e?ciency of the PV industry in China.
关键词： technical e?ciency,PV industry,data envelopment analysis,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Knowledge Mapping of Concentrating Solar Power Development Based on Literature Analysis Technology
摘要： Decreasing the levelized cost of renewable energy and improving the stability of power systems are the key requirements for realizing the sustainable growth of power production capacity. Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology with thermal energy storage can overcome the intermittent and unstable nature of solar energy, and its development is of great significance for the sustainable development of human society. In this paper, topic discovery and clustering were studied using bibliometric, social network analysis and information visualization technology based on the Web of Science database (SCI-Expanded) and the incoPat global patent database. The technology searched for papers and patents related to CSP technology to reveal the development trends of CSP technology and provide the references for related technical layout and hot spot tracking. The results show that the global output of CSP technology papers has continued to grow steadily, whereas the number of patent applications showed a significant downtrend. CSP technology, which is at the initial stage of commercialization, still needs technological breakthroughs. Technological innovation that integrates thermal engineering, control engineering, physics, chemistry, materials, and other disciplines may become an effective path for CSP technology development in the future. CSP technology research shows increasing research and development trends in high-temperature receivers, phase-change thermal energy storage, the overall performance of thermal power generation systems, and a development trend from a single technology to multi-energy complementary systems.
关键词： domain development trend,concentrating solar power,renewable energy,bibliometrics,knowledge mapping
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A summary of bird mortality at photovoltaic utility scale solar facilities in the Southwestern U.S.
摘要： Recent trends in renewable energy development in the United States (U.S.) show that new installed capacity of utility-scale solar energy has exceeded 30% of total installed capacity of all sources per year since 2013. Photovoltaic solar energy provides benefits in that no emissions are produced; however, there are potential impacts from photovoltaic solar development on birds that include habitat loss and potential for collision mortality. Only 2 papers in the peer-reviewed literature present fatality information from fatality monitoring studies at a photovoltaic utility-scale solar energy facility; however, more data exists in unpublished reports. To provide a more comprehensive overview of bird mortality patterns, we synthesized results from fatality monitoring studies at 10 photovoltaic solar facilities across 13 site-years in California and Nevada. We found variability in the distribution of avian orders and species among and within Bird Conservation Regions, and found that water-obligate birds, which rely on water for take-off and landing, occurred at 90% (9/10) of site-years in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts Bird Conservation Region. We found that a cause of mortality could not be determined for approximately 61% of intact carcasses, and that approximately 54% of all carcasses were feather spots, introducing uncertainty into the interpretation of the fatality estimates. The average annual fatality estimate we calculated for photovoltaic solar (high-end estimate of 2.49 birds per megawatt per year) is lower than that reported by another study (9.9 birds per megawatt per year) that included one photovoltaic facility. Our results provide a summary of fatalities in bird conservation regions where the facilities are located, but expanding our conclusions to new regions is limited by the location of facilities with fatality monitoring data.
关键词： photovoltaic solar facilities,habitat loss,renewable energy,bird mortality,collision mortality
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Green hydrogen as feedstock: Financial analysis of a photovoltaic-powered electrolysis plant
摘要： The weather-dependent electricity generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as solar and wind power, entails that systems for energy storage are becoming progressively more important. Among the different solutions that are being explored, hydrogen is currently considered as a key technology allowing future long-term and large-scale storage of renewable power. Today, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuels, and steam methane reforming (SMR) is the most common route for producing it from natural gas. None of the conventional methods used is GHG-free. The Power-to-Gas concept, based on water electrolysis using electricity coming from renewable sources is the most environmentally clean approach. Given its multiple uses, hydrogen is sold both as a fuel, which can produce electricity through fuel cells, and as a feedstock in several industrial processes. Just the feedstock could be, in the short term, the main market of RES-based hydrogen. In this paper, we present the results obtained from a techno-economic-financial evaluation of a system to produce green hydrogen to be sold as a feedstock for industries and research centres. A system which includes a 200 kW photovoltaic plant and a 180 kW electrolyser, to be located in Messina (Italy), is proposed as a case study. According to the analyses carried out, and taking into account the current development of technologies, it has been found that investment to realise a small-scale PV-based hydrogen production plant can be remunerative.
关键词： Renewable energy sources (RES),Financial analysis,Oxygen,Hydrogen,PV-powered electrolysis,Feedstock
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on BioGeoSciences (Modeling Natural Environments) || Tilt and Orientation of a Flat Solar Collector to Capture Optimal Solar Irradiation in Chilean Latitudes
摘要： The use of solar technologies is growing steadily throughout the world since solar radiation is recognized as an inexpensive and local renewable source of energy. At the same time, it helps to reduce the great environmental impact caused by the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources. Accurate information about incident solar radiation over an inclined surface is important for selection and installation of solar technologies. In this study, seasonal and annual total irradiation values received on a ?at solar collector were calculated by varying the inclination angle from 0° to 90°, and the azimuth angle from ?180° to 180° for 12 cities in Chile, based in one typical meteorological year. The study provides useful information about the in?uence of the tilt and azimuth angles to the total seasonal and annual solar energy collected. Several cities of Chile located from north to south were selected for the study, including Arica, Calama, Antofagasta, Vallenar, La Serena, Valparaíso, Talca, Concepción, Los Angeles, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Puerto Natales. The isotropic sky model was used to calculate the total irradiances. The results showed that during the summer months the average irradiation values were above 150 kWh/m2 in all cities. During the summer months, the device may be inclined between 0° and 30°, whereas during the winter months it is recommended to reset the inclination angle between 30° and 60°. The estimated annual solar radiation gains, based on tilt and azimuth angles, compared to a horizontal surface, increase toward the south with a maximum gain 10.08% for the city of Puerto Natales. The lowest gain was for the city of Arica with 0.55%, which shows that its best use is close to the horizontal surface. Although, the range of inclination and azimuth angles to achieve optimal irradiation values is wide, it is recommended to set the tilt angle of the ?at solar collector between 0° (cid:1) b (cid:1) 60° and the azimuth angle from ?60° (cid:1) c (cid:1) 60°. For losses smaller than 5% of irradiation, the azimuth angle can oscillate between ±30° without a signi?cant impact on the total irradiation captured by a ?at solar collector.
关键词： Flat solar collector,Tilt angle,Solar irradiation,Chile,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57