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- 2019
- low-temperature electronics
- differential operational amplifier
- LTspice environment
- differential stage
- common-mode rejection ratio
- junction field-effect transistors
- Electronic Science and Technology
- Don State Technical University
- Southern Federal University
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A passive SPICE model for rectennas
摘要： Purpose – This paper aims to present a SPICE model to represent antennas in receiving mode. The model can be used to evaluate the performance of the antenna when it is coupled to several different nonlinear electric circuits. The proposed methodology is particularly suitable for rectenna applications, as it allows the analysis of different configurations for a rectenna more efficiently than using full-wave analysis simulators coupled directly to each rectifier circuit. Design/methodology/approach – The model presented uses reciprocity theory to calculate the ideal voltage source of the Thevenin-equivalent circuit for an antenna. Vector fitting is then used to approximate the model to rational functions that can be converted to Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor circuits. Additional components are added to the circuit to prevent numerical instability. Findings – Two rectennas are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed model, one based on a 2.45-GHz rectangular patch antenna and another based on a planar spiral antenna. The second antenna has impedance with positive and negative real parts along the frequency range, which could lead to numerical instabilities. The proposed method is shown to be stable while working with these negative resistance values, which may appear during circuit parameterization. Research limitations/implications – The equivalent SPICE circuit model for the antenna makes it easy to simulate nonlinear circuits connected to the antenna and perform transient analyses. The computational cost of antenna analysis is reduced, being more computationally efficient than methods that involve full-wave simulation. This characteristic makes it an interesting approach for working with rectennas, or any application where the time constant of the circuit is much longer than the period of the incident wave. Originality/value – For most antenna applications, the numerical stability of the circuit can be achieved using passive enforcement. However, depending on the phase response of the antenna, the impedance that represents its far-field characteristic may present a negative real part, in which case, passive enforcement will fail. In this paper, the problem of numerical instability is solved by introducing an offset resistance and a current-controlled voltage source to the model.
关键词： Antenna,SPICE model,Rectenna,Energy harvesting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Non-Equilibrium Green's Function based Circuit Models for Coherent Spin Devices
摘要： With recent developments in spintronics, it is now possible to envision 'spin-driven' devices with magnets and interconnects that require a new class of transport models using generalized Fermi functions and currents, each with four components: one for charge and three for spin. The corresponding impedance elements are not pure numbers but 4 × 4 matrices. Starting from the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) formalism in the elastic, phase-coherent transport regime, we develop spin generalized Landauer-Büttiker formulas involving such 4 × 4 conductances, for multi-terminal devices in the presence of Normal-Metal (NM) leads. In addition to usual 'terminal' conductances describing currents at the contacts, we provide 'spin-transfer torque' conductances describing the spin currents absorbed by ferromagnetic (FM) regions inside the conductor, specifying both of these currents in terms of Fermi functions at the terminals. We derive universal sum rules and reciprocity relations that would be obeyed by such matrix conductances. Finally, we apply our formulation to two example Hamiltonians describing the Rashba and the Hanle effect in 2D. Our results allows the use of pure quantum transport models as building blocks in constructing circuit models for complex spintronic and nano-magnetic structures and devices for simulation in SPICE-like simulators.
关键词： Rashba effect,spintronics,Landauer-Büttiker formula,spin-transfer torque,Non-Equilibrium Green's Function,Hanle effect,SPICE simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) - Austin, TX, USA (2018.9.24-2018.9.26)] 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) - The efficient DTCO Compact Modeling Solutions to Improve MHC and Reduce TAT
摘要： This paper introduces the recent modeling challenges of the Process Development Kit (PDK) development due to the limitations of transistor scaling and the impact of new process technologies. And a new modeling solution, Agile PDK is presented to break though these development challenges by enabling the Design Technology Co-Optimization (DTCO) activities in the manufacturing levels. A series of advanced algorithms are newly introduced to not only reduce the PDK development time (TAT), but also improve the model accuracies and Model-to-Hardware Correlation (MHC). It is applied to the latest DRAM technology and dramatically reduces development TAT up to 50% with improved model accuracies.
关键词： PDK,DTCO,Regression,SPICE Models,MHC,Full binning,TCAD TEG,API,Optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Investigating metal-semiconductor contacts in solar cells using magnetic field measurements
摘要： While solar cells and modules are already a mature technology in mass production, contacting schemes are constantly evolving. For example, multi busbar/multi wire contacting systems are currently being developed. During the development and the production of such technologies, it is critical to optimize and to systematically monitor their performance. In this paper, we find that different contacting fault types can be identified by inducing specific current flow patterns through the contacts of a single side of a solar cell and measuring the resultant 2D magnetic field image. Additionally, we explore the use of circuit network modelling in conjunction with these magnetic field images to gain further insights about the contacting schemes. Excellent agreement between circuit simulations and magnetic field measurements was achieved by combining different current flow patterns as demonstrated on a multi-wire contacted solar cell.
关键词： photovoltaic cells,circuit modelling,characterization,magnetic field measurements,SPICE
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A stochastic SPICE model for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors and other nanowire devices
摘要： Superconducting nanowire devices such as the superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) or nanocryotron (nTron) have a time-dependent stochasticity that depends on the current flowing through them. When modeling complex circuits made of several such devices (for instance, an array of SNSPDs), the ability to include this randomness can be important for predicting unwanted effects and interactions within the circuit. We present a modification of the model described by Berggren et. al. that allows for the inclusion of this stochasticity into the nanowire device model. We then verify the model against experiment using a tungsten silicide SNSPD, and show that the modified model replicates the stochasticity of the physical device.
关键词： SNSPD,SPICE model,Monte Carlo analysis,superconducting nanowire,nTron,stochasticity
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[Methods in Molecular Biology] Immunological Tolerance Volume 1899 (Methods and Protocols) || Improvement of Signal-to-Noise Ratio for MST Radar Using Weighted Semi-parametric Algorithm
摘要： The Indian mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar is the prominent atmospheric radar that provides the atmospheric movements’ information. The radar data is analyzed to obtain the wind parameter that requires the power spectral estimation. At higher altitudes, the estimation of Doppler spectrum is found to be unsatisfactory using both parametric and nonparametric methods for spectral estimation. In this article, the hyperparameter-free, weighted sparse iterative covariance-based estimation (SPICE) method has been considered. Unlike existing SPICE method, a different hyperparameter–free, weighted SPICE method has been derived using a gradient approach with different step sizes. The two versions of SPICE algorithm, i.e., SPICEa and SPICEb, are applied to the practical MST radar data collected at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). The obtained results are evaluated with the existing atmospheric data processor results which use the basic periodogram method. The proposed method shows the signi?cant enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio even at elevated heights.
关键词： Gradient approach,Doppler spectrum,MST radar,SPICE
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A multiscale materials-to-systems modeling of polycrystalline PbSe photodetectors
摘要： We present a physics based multiscale materials-to-systems model for polycrystalline PbSe photodetectors that connects fundamental material properties to circuit level performance metrics. From experimentally observed ?lm structures and electrical characterization, we ?rst develop a band structure model that explains carrier-type inversion and large carrier lifetimes in sensitized ?lms. The unique band structure of the photosensitive ?lm causes separation of generated carriers with holes migrating to the inverted PbSejPbI2 interface, while electrons are trapped in the bulk of the ?lm intergrain regions. These ?ows together form the 2-current theory of photoconduction that quantitatively captures the I(cid:2)V relationship in these ?lms. To capture the e?ect of pixel scaling and trapped carrier blocking, we develop a model for the metallic contacts with the detector ?lms based on the relative workfunction di?erences. We also develop detailed models for various physical parameters such as mobility, lifetime, quantum e?ciency, noise, etc. that connect the detector performance metrics such as responsivity R and speci?c detectivity D* intimately with material properties and operating conditions. A compact Verilog-A based SPICE model is developed which can be directly combined with advanced digital Read-Out Integrated Circuit cell designs to simulate and optimize high performance Focal Plane Arrays which form a critical component in the rapidly expanding market of self-driven automotive, internet of things security, and embedded applications.
关键词： polycrystalline materials,PbSe photodetectors,carrier-type inversion,multiscale modeling,quantum efficiency,band structure,SPICE model
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Simulation Model Development for Packaged Cascode Gallium Nitride Field-Effect Transistors
摘要： This paper presents a simple behavioral model with experimentally extracted parameters for packaged cascode gallium nitride (GaN) field-effect transistors (FETs). This study combined a level-1 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a junction field-effect transistor (JFET), and a diode model to simulate a cascode GaN FET, in which a JFET was used to simulate a metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT). Using the JFET to simulate the MIS-HEMT not only ensures that the curve fits an S-shape transfer characteristic but also enables the pinch-off voltages extracted from the threshold voltage of the MIS-HEMT to be used as a watershed to distinguish where the drop in parasitic capacitance occurs. Parameter extraction was based on static and dynamic characteristics, which involved simulating the behavior of the created GaN FET model and comparing the extracted parameters with experimental measurements to demonstrate the accuracy of the simulation program with an integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) model. Cascode capacitance was analyzed and verified through experimental measurements and SPICE simulations. The analysis revealed that the capacitance of low-voltage MOSFETs plays a critical role in increasing the overall capacitance of cascode GaN FETs. The turn-off resistance mechanism effectively described the leakage current, and a double-pulse tester was used to evaluate the switching performance of the fabricated cascode GaN FET. LTspice simulation software was adopted to compare the experimental switching results. Overall, the simulation results were strongly in agreement with the experimental results.
关键词： turn-off resistance,GaN FET,MIS-HEMT,SPICE,cascode,behavioral model,parasitic capacitance
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36