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C-band tunable performance of passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser using Tin(IV) oxide as a saturable absorber
摘要： We report on the detailed study of wavelength tunability of passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser using Tin(IV) Oxide (SnO2) as saturable absorber (SA). As a typical n-type semiconductor, SnO2 has been widely used in gas sensors, oxidation catalyst, transparent conductor, and electrode materials in solar cell. Herein, we fabricated saturable absorber by compositing SnO2 nanoparticle with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The SnO2-SA is incorporated in the laser cavity by sandwiching it between two fiber ferrules. Q-switched laser operation can be continuously tuned from 1521 to 1565 nm, with a wavelength tuning range of up to 45 nm, covering almost the entire C-band. Q-switched pulse parameters such as repetition rate, average power, pulse width, pulse energy, and peak power at different wavelengths were studied in detail. Our experimental results suggest that the SnO2-SA is a suitable and cost-effective solution for broadband tunable laser applications with relatively simple fabrication process.
关键词： Tunability,C-band,Q-switch EDFL,SnO2
更新于2025-11-28 14:24:03
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Enhanced energy storage performance in Sn doped Sr0.6(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.4TiO3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
摘要： SnO2 doped Sr0.6(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.4TiO3 (NBT-ST) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Their phase structures, microstructures and electrical properties were characterized in details. It is found that SnO2 doping could increase the lattice parameters, density and average grain size. A suitable amount of SnO2 can improve dielectric properties, and affect the relaxor behavior of the NBT-ST matrix, thereby it can effectively reduce the energy loss and optimize the energy storage performance. Furthermore, the energy storage properties are improved with SnO2 doping. Especially, the 1 at. % SnO2 doped NBT-ST achieves a high recoverable energy density of 2.35 J/cm3, which is mainly attributed to large maximum polarization of 43.2 μC/cm2, small remnant polarization of 5.83 μC/cm2 and high breakdown strength of 180 kV/cm. Also, relatively good temperature stability for dielectric performance and excellent fatigue resistance are observed in this composition. These properties are attractive for lead-free energy storage applications.
关键词： SnO2,Lead-free,Dielectric,Energy storage,NBT-ST
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Enhanced Methane Sensing Properties of WO3 Nanosheets with Dominant Exposed (200) Facet via Loading of SnO2 Nanoparticles
摘要： Methane detection is extremely difficult, especially at low temperatures, due to its high chemical stability. Here, WO3 nanosheets loaded with SnO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of about 2 nm were prepared by simple impregnation and subsequent calcination using SnO2 and WO3·H2O as precursors. The response of SnO2-loaded WO3 nanosheet composites to methane is about 1.4 times higher than that of pure WO3 at the low optimum operating temperature (90 °C). Satisfying repeatability and long-term stability are ensured. The dominant exposed (200) crystal plane of WO3 nanosheets has a good balance between easy oxygen chemisorption and high reactivity at the dangling bonds of W atoms, beneficial for gas-sensing properties. Moreover, the formation of a n–n type heterojunction at the SnO2-WO3 interface and additionally the increase of specific surface area and defect density via SnO2 loading enhance the response further. Therefore, the SnO2-WO3 composite is promising for the development of sensor devices to methane.
关键词： methane sensing,SnO2-loaded WO3 nanosheets,exposed (200) facet,heterojunction
更新于2025-11-14 17:03:37
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Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Highly Selective Fiber Optic Dopamine Sensor Fabricated Using Molecular Imprinted GNP/SnO <sub/>2</sub> Nanocomposite
摘要： Fabrication and characterization of a highly selective fiber optic surface plasmon resonance-based dopamine sensor using molecular imprinted graphene nanoplatelets/tin oxide (SnO2) nanocomposite have been reported. The synthesis of sensing layer has been carried out using a series of optimizations and morphological studies. The effectiveness of the sensing layer over other possible probe designs has been proved by performing control experiments for a dopamine concentration range covering the suggested level of dopamine for human being. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor evaluated is 0.031 μM, which is lower than the LOD values of various dopamine sensors fabricated using different methods. The specificity of the sensor for dopamine has been confirmed by performing experiments using various interferands while the stability and reusability of the sensor probe have been checked by performing experiments repeatedly for a long period of time. Apart from high sensitivity, low LOD, and fast response, the sensor can be used for remote sensing and online monitoring of dopamine.
关键词： surface plasmon resonance,SnO2 nanoparticles,optical fiber sensor,GNP/SnO2 nanocomposite,graphene,Dopamine,molecular imprinting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Structural and Superconducting Properties of Thermal Treatment-Synthesised Bulk YBa2Cu3O7?δ Superconductor: Effect of Addition of SnO2 Nanoparticles
摘要： YBa2Cu3O7?δ (Y-123) bulk superconductors with the addition of (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt.%) SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesised via a thermal treatment method. The in?uence of SnO2 addition on the superconducting properties by means of critical temperature, Tc, AC susceptibility, phase formation and microstructures, including its elemental composition analysis, were studied. Sharp superconducting transition, ?Tc, and diamagnetic transition were obtained for all SnO2-added samples. It was observed that sample x = 0.4 with a Y-123 phase percentage of 95.8% gives the highest Tc, smallest ?Tc, and the sharpest diamagnetic transition in the normalised susceptibility curves. The microstructure also showed an excess of Sn precipitates on the sample’s surface at x = 0.8 and above. As such, the best superconducting properties were observed at x = 0.4 SnO2 addition inside the Y-123 host sample.
关键词： YBa2Cu3O7?δ,bulk superconductor,additions,SnO2,thermal treatment method
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Light enhanced room temperature resistive NO2 sensor based on a gold-loaded organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite incorporating tin dioxide
摘要： A material is described for sensing NO2 in the gas phase. It has an architecture of type Au/MASnI3/SnO2 (where MA stands for methylammonium cation) and was fabricated by first synthesizing Au/MASnI3 and then crystallizing SnO2 on the surface by calcination. The physical and NO2 sensing properties of the composite were examined at room temperature without and with UV (365 nm) illumination, and the NO2-sensing mechanism was studied. The characterization demonstrated the formation of a p-n heterojunction structure between p-MASnI3 and n-SnO2. The sensor, best operated at a voltage of 1.1 V at room temperature, displays superior NO2 sensing performance. Figures of merit include (a) high response (Rg/Ra = 240 for 5 ppm NO2; where Rg stands for the resistance of a sensor in test gas, and Ra stands for the resistance of a sensor in air), (b) fast recovery (about 12 s), (c) excellent selectivity compared to sensors based on the use of SnO2 or Au/SnO2 only, both at room temperature under UV illumination; (d) a low detection limit (55 ppb), and (e) a linear response between 0.5 and 10 ppm of NO2. The enhanced sensing performance is mainly attributed to the high light absorption capacity of MASnI3, the easy generation and transfer of photo-induced electrons from MASnI3 to the conduction band of SnO2, and the catalytic effect of gold nanoparticles.
关键词： Light absorbing material,SPR effect,Photo generated electrons,Gas sensing,P-n junction,Catalytic effect,Heterojunction,SnO2,UV light,MASnI3
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Magnetic metamorphosis of structurally enriched sol-gel derived SnO2 nanoparticles
摘要： Pure SnO2 and aliovalent substituted polycrystalline Sn0.98?xLa0.02ZnxO2 (x = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) samples have been synthesized via sol-gel technique. Rietveld re?nement of X-ray di?raction (XRD) patterns con?rm the single phase tetragonal rutile-type (P mnm 42/) crystalline structure for all the synthesized samples. Crystallite size from XRD analysis is found to decrease from 14 nm to 11 nm as x increases from 0 to 0.06 in Sn0.98?xLa0.02ZnxO2 matrix. Transmission Electron Microscopy further reveals the decrease in average crystallite size from 7 nm for pure SnO2 to 5 nm with increase in Zn2+ concentration in system. Morphological study through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals the agglomeration of nanoparticles on increasing the Zn concentration. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements mark the change in peak intensity centered around 300–450 nm upon La and Zn co-doping into SnO2 lattice. Deconvolution of PL peak unveil the presence of defects/vacancies and local disorders in (La, Zn) co-doped SnO2 matrix. Further, the magnetic properties have been studied using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, which envisage the room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in nonmagnetic La3+ and Zn2+ ion modi?ed SnO2. The observed RTFM in (La, Zn) co-doped SnO2 is mainly due to oxygen vacancies which is also supported by PL results.
关键词： Rietveld re?nement,RTFM,SnO2 nanoparticles,Defect states
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effect of microwave irradiation on the electrical and optical properties of SnO2 thin films
摘要： We report the electrical and optical characteristics of SnO2 thin films irradiated by microwaves (MWs) and grown using atomic layer deposition in a commercial MW oven operating at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The properties of the MW-irradiated SnO2 thin films were compared with those of the as-deposited SnO2 thin films. After MW irradiation, the conductivity and transparency of the thin films were enhanced. In addition, the samples irradiated for 5 min showed optimal carrier concentration, Hall-mobility, resistivity, and transmittance values of 1.5 × 1020 cm-3, 4.6 cm2/V·s, 8 × 10-3 Ω·cm, and 95.77%, respectively. The improved properties of the MW-irradiated samples were attributed mainly to the formation of an oxygen vacancy in the SnO2 lattice during MW irradiation. Our results can be applied for the fabrication of pure SnO2-based transparent conductive oxides; these oxides are generally doped with other elements.
关键词： SnO2,Transparent Conductive Oxide,Microwave Irradiation,Electrical and Optical Properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Structural, photoluminescence and magnetic properties of Cu-doped SnO2 nanoparticles co-doped with Co
摘要： Co doped Sn0.98Cu0.02O2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence and magnetic measurements. The observed tetragonal rutile structure confirmed by XRD patterns was not altered by Co-doping and the value of average crystallite size lies within 8–14 nm. The formation of high density defect states and the new phases of Co and Sn were responsible for the reduction of energy gap (Eg) with Co-doping; Eg varied between 3.12 and 3.58 eV. The tuning of band gap and luminescence properties by Co-doping suggested that Co = 4% doped sample is a promising material for selective coatings for solar cells; use as antireflective coating materials, and for fabrication of optoelectronic devices. FTIR spectrum has been used to authenticate the formation of Sn–O bond and the existence of Co in Sn–Cu–O. The promotion of higher local disorders and the oxygen-related defects during growth process of SnO2 nanoparticles at Co = 4% is responsible for the higher UV/violet/blue band photoluminescence emission intensity. The overlapping between bound magnetic polarons (BMP) by Co-doping induced the room temperature ferromagnetism. The existence of high density charge carriers and oxygen vacancies at Co = 4% sample might be responsible for highest magnitude of ferromagnetism. The noticed suppression of RTFM at Co = 6% may be due to the enhanced antiferromagnetic interaction between neighbouring Co–Co ion.
关键词： Photoluminescence,SnO2 nanoparticles,XRD,Energy gap,Magnetic properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Room-temperature ferromagnetism and morphology evolution of SnO2 flower-like microparticles by Zn-doping
摘要： We report on the growth of undoped and Zn-doped flower-like microparticles, which are constituted of SnO2 acicular nanoparticles (NPs) aggregated by one of their ends. NPs were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The morphology of the NPs progressively changes from truncated rods to sharp needles by the effect of Zn doping. This morphology evolution is attributed to an increase of the surface free energy of the NPs' facets and to a modification of the growth front direction. Undoped samples exhibit a very low magnetization attributed to single positive charged oxygen vacancies, while Zn-doped samples exhibit ferromagnetic ordering due to Zn atoms in Sn substitutional positions (ZnSn). Thermal treatment under reducing atmosphere leads to the creation of an excess of VO conducting to a reduction of the magnetization, demonstrating that ferromagnetism in Zn-doped SnO2 NPs is attributed to ZnSn defects and to the octahedrally coordinated oxygen atoms.
关键词： Magnetization,Oxygen vacancies,SnO2 nanoparticles,Morphology,Zn-doped
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29