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Investigations on photovoltaic performance of sol–gel derived BiFeO3-based heterostructures via compositional modification
摘要： In this paper, sol–gel is used to synthesize BiFeO3 (BFO), RGO/BFO, RGO/BFO/TiO2, TiCl4-modi?ed RGO/BFO/TiO2 and MAPI/RGO/BFO/TiO2 thin ?lms onto Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. RGO/BFO/TiO2 thin ?lm possesses high power conversion ef?ciency (g) of 3.11% and ?ll factor (FF) of 0.72, owing to the favorable effects of TiO2 and RGO on promoting electron transfer and electron injection, respectively. All the results indicate that BFO-based heterostructure thin ?lm is a promising candidate for designing solar energy devices.
关键词： Thin ?lms,Sol-gel preparation,Electrical properties
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis, characterization, and application of transition metals (Ni, Zr, and Fe) doped TiO2 photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this paper, we present the synthesis of different metal-doped TiO2 compounds (pure TiO2, Fe doped TiO2 (FexTi1-xO2), Ni doped TiO2 (NixTi1-xO2), Zr doped TiO2 (ZrxTi1-xO2)) thin films in order to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Undoped TiO2 particles and Ni, Fe and Zr transition metals doped TiO2 particles were synthesized by the sol-gel method for the utilization of the anodic part of the DSSC. The cathode of the DSSC was a carbon electrode. Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated electrodes on the glass surfaces and electrolyte solution containing I/I2 was obtained a dye-sensitized solar cell. Pure TiO2 and Ni, Fe and Zr doped TiO2 nanopowders were characterized by DLS, XRD, SEM/EDX, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The thin films have been deposited on the glass substrate by the doctor blade method. The effect of synthesized nano-materials on the cell performance of DSSC were investigated by J-V curves. J-V characterization of solar cell module shown that the highest power conversion efficiency was the solar cell module that fabricated with 10% of Zr-doped TiO2 with the short circuit current (Jsc) and the efficiency was at 0.13 mA cm-2 and 0.020%, respectively. However, yields on the cell performance of other nanomaterials were obtained as 0.019%, 0.017% and 0.015% for pure TiO2, Fe doped TiO2, and Ni doped TiO2, respectively.
关键词： TiO2 nanoparticles,dye-sensitized,Solar cells,sol-gel
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Utilization of 2D gahnite nanosheets as highly conductive, transparent and light trapping front contact for silicon solar cells
摘要： The current scenario illustrates distinct interest in developing renewable energy sources for power generation. In this regard, several researches are performed in enhancing the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The present work focuses on utilizing ZnAl2O4 (gahnite) spinel as antireflection coating material to improve the power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. Gahnite was synthesized using two precursors namely zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate through sol–gel technique. The thickness of the prepared gahnite sheets measured through atomic force microscopy was around 50?nm. Single to quintuple layers of gahnite was deposited on silicon solar substrate using spin coating technique. The influence of gahnite coating on the structural, optical, electrical properties and cell temperature of silicon solar cells are analyzed. The synthesized gahnite bears spinel crystal structure in the form of two dimensional nanosheet. Increment in layer thickness proves the deposition of single to quintuple layer on silicon substrate. A maximum of 93% transmittance and 20.72% power conversion efficiency at a low cell temperature (39.4?°C) has been achieved for triple layer deposition proving diffusion of more photons on the substrate. The obtained results prove gahnite as suitable anti-reflection coating material for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells.
关键词： Anti-reflection coating,Silicon solar cell,Gahnite,Power conversion efficiency,Sol–gel
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Improved performance of solution processed organic solar cells with an additive layer of sol-gel synthesized ZnO/CuO core/shell nanoparticles
摘要： In this study, ZnO/CuO core/shell nanoparticles with ZnO:CuO molar ratios of 1:1 M, 1:2 M and 2:1M were successfully synthesized via sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized to investigate for their morphology, structure, purity and optical properties. XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized particles are in nanometer range with average particle size less than 100 nm and was further verified by TEM analysis. SEM images revealed spherical shape of nanoparticles. EDX analysis confirmed the purity of nanoparticles. Near band edge emission and broad green band was recorded in the PL spectra. The bandgap of synthesized nanoparticles was observed in the range 3.85-3.91 eV. Furthermore, the effect of adding an extra active layer of ZnO/CuO core/shell nanoparticles on the performance of organic solar cell with photo active layer electron donor poly(3- hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) was studied. Results showed that the added inorganic layer improved the absorption in visible region with increase in surface roughness of the active layer. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) shows improvement by inclusion of inorganic layer prior to organic active layer blend. This increase in PCE was basically due to increase in Voc, Jsc and FF of the fabricated device.
关键词： solar cell,Core/shell,sol-gel,ZnO/CuO,nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Existence of Ligands within Sol-gel-derived ZnO Films and Their Effect on Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The sol-gel (SG) method has been well-documented as one useful way to produce ZnO films as an excellent electron transport material (ETM) for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Generally, the precursor films containing zinc acetate dihydrate and a stabilizing ligand monoethanolamine (EA) were annealed to obtain ZnO films. A noteworthy issue is the commonly reported annealing temperature (Ta) in a wide range of 150-600 °C. In this work, we investigated the effect of the annealing temperature on the film composition and firstly confirmed the co-existence of acetate and EA species when Ta is below 380 °C. EA still survived within the ZnO films when Ta was between 380 and 450 °C. When Ta was over 450 °C, pure ZnO films can be obtained. The presence of ligands also remarkably altered the work function of the corresponding ZnO samples, thereby resulting in the remarkably different effects on the efficiency and stability of PSCs with the ZnO samples as ETMs. This work affords a clearer understanding of ZnO films prepared by SG method at molecular insights, promoting their application in photoelectric fields.
关键词： Coordinated molecules,Monoethanolamine,Sol-gel-derived ZnO,Zinc acetate dihydrate,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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CuZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 Solar Cell Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method Following a Modified Three-Step Selenization Process
摘要： In current work, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films have been prepared by the sol-gel method based on dimethyl sulfoxide solution followed by a modified three-step selenization process. The key process of this method is to divide the Se evaporation and annealing into two different stages: employ a thermal cracking Se source in the Se evaporation stage and an above-atmospheric pressure in the annealing process. The morphological, structural, elemental distributional, and photovoltaic properties of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films prepared with the three-step selenization process were systematically investigated. It was found that through this modified selenization process, the formations of secondary phases (ZnSe, CuSnSe3) and a fine-grain bottom layer, which usually exists in the traditional one-step selenization process, were effectively suppressed. These improvements could further reduce the carrier recombination and improve the solar cell performance. The best solar cell is obtained with a short-circuit current density of 28.16 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 404.91 mV, fill factor of 62.91%, and a power conversion efficiency of 7.17% under air mass 1.5 (100 mW/cm2) illumination.
关键词： selenization,thermal cracking Se,CZTSSe solar cell,secondary phases,sol-gel method,above-atmospheric pressure
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Surface Treatment on Nickel Oxide to Enhance the Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites such as CH3NH3PbI3 have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation photovoltaic materials due to its high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy, and long diffusion length. Herein, we have chosen NiOx as the hole transport material because metal oxides exhibit robust properties in air. We synthesized the NiOx film by a common sol-gel method. It is found that high-temperature annealing (500°C) is required to ensure the perovskite solar cell (PSC) with an efficiency over 15%. Low-temperature annealing (100°C) cannot convert the precursor materials to fully covered NiOx film, while the PSC based on mediate-temperature annealing (300°C) NiOx has larger resistance and thus lower efficiency. Fortunately, we have found that UV-ozone treatment on the NiOx film can reduce the resistance of the device based on 300°C annealed NiOx. The champion device can reach 16% efficiency with UV-ozone-treated 300°C annealed NiOx. This work has made it possible to reduce the annealing temperature of the sol-gel NiOx for high-efficiency PSCs, and it is believed that this simple surface treatment can be further employed in other metal oxide-based optoelectronic devices.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,NiOx,annealing temperature,sol-gel method,UV-ozone treatment
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High-performance Zinc-Tin-Oxide thin film transistors based on environment friendly solution process
摘要： Zinc-Tin-Oxide (ZTO) thin films were fabricated using a simple and eco-friendly sol-gel method and their application in thin film transistors (TFTs) was investigated. Annealing temperature has a crucial influence on the structure and electrical properties of sol-gel ZTO thin films. The ZTO thin films annealed at 300-600 (cid:1) revealed smooth and uniform surfaces with amorphous state, in addition, a high optical transparency over 90% of the ZTO films in the visible range was obtained. The electrical performance of ZTO TFTs showed obvious dependence on annealing temperature. The ZTO TFTs annealed at 500 (cid:1) showed a high carrier mobility of 5.9 cm2/Vs, high on/off current ratio (Ion/off) of 106-107, and threshold voltage (Vth) of 1.03V. To demonstrate the application of sol-gel ZTO films in low-power display fields, we also fabricated ZTO TFTs with a solution-processed high-permittivity (high-k) ZrTiOx dielectric layer. The ZTO/ ZrTiOx TFTs showed high mobility of 17.9 cm2/Vs and Ion/off of 105-106 at a low operation voltage of 3 V, indicating that Indium-free ZTO thin films would be potential candidates for low cost, high performance oxide TFT devices.
关键词： oxide semiconductor,sol-gel process,thin-film transistor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Stabilization of cubic phase in scandium-doped zirconia nanocrystals synthesized with sol-gel method
摘要： A new room-temperature synthesis of nanocrystals of scandium doped zirconium oxide by sol-gel method is reported. The structure of the obtained product is checked with standard structural analysis methods. The crystal phase of ZrO2-Sc2O3 nanocrystals changes from monoclinic to tetragonal and cubic with the increase in scandium concentration. The importance of the cubic phase, which appears at 10 mol% and refines at 16 mol% of Sc2O3 concentration, is emphasized. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the product are measured, and its bandgap is evaluated from the fundamental absorption edge. The value of the bandgap was calculated as 5.65 eV for the cubic phase.
关键词： scandium-doped zirconia nanocrystals,UV-Vis spectra,sol-gel synthesis,stabilization of cubic phase
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Chemically modified silica-based sensors: effect of the nature of organosilane
摘要： The use of organosilanes to produce hybrid materials, also known as ORMOSILs (organically modified silicas) can be a good strategy to tune a material’s properties, enabling, for example, the optimization of important features of chemical sensors such as specificity, sensitivity and response time. Thus, different hybrid silicas were prepared by the sol-gel method to be employed as a colorimetric sensor. The investigated organic groups for producing hybrid materials included methyl, octyl, octadecyl, vinyl, phenyl, aminopropyl, isocyanatopropyl, mercaptopropyl, chloropropyl, iodopropyl and glycidoxypropyl groups, and the pH indicator alizarin red was used as the encapsulated receptor element. The sensors were characterized using a set of complementary techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, nitrogen porosimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electronic microscopy. The performance was evaluated according to the color change (ΔE* ab) by conducting a colorimetric analysis and measuring the response time after ammonia exposure, with results varying from 48 to 95 s. Additionally, other characteristics of the hybrid materials, such as their surface area, reticulation degree, texture and morphologic properties, were altered depending on the organic modification present in the silica network. The potentiality for material optimization, to achieve better sensor performance, depends on the employed organosilane.
关键词： colorimetric sensor,sol-gel,ammonia,ORMOSIL,organosilanes,hybrid silica
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04