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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Electrical and optical analysis of a spray coated transparent conductive adhesive for two-terminal silicon based tandem solar cells
摘要： This work presents the results of the electrical and optical characterization of a new transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) that combines the techniques of spray pyrolysis and a sol-gel like process. This approach is of particular interest since the adhesive itself forms both the electrical and the mechanical interconnection of the bonded sub-cells. The electrical and optical characterization of the developed TCA shows a minimum connecting resistivity of 17 ?cm2 and a simulated reflection at the Si-TCA interface of ≈ 20%. By coating both substrate surfaces with a TiO2 anti reflection coating (ARC), the reflectance at the Si-TCA interface was successfully reduced down to <5%. The efficiency potential of a glued dual junction device was simulated in dependence of the electrical and optical properties of the TCA. The reported values of 17 ?cm2 connecting resistivity and 20% reflection limit the device efficiency to 22.3% (71% of the maximum achievable efficiency). Reducing the reflection to below 5%, as practically demonstrated in this paper, allows to increase this value to 25.3% (>80% of maximum), while additionally reducing the connecting resistivity to 10 ?cm2 or 1 ?cm2 allows for a further increase to 27.3% and 30.0%, respectively.
关键词： reflection losses,sol-gel process,tandem solar cells,connecting resistivity,TiO2 anti reflection coating,electrical characterization,transparent conductive adhesive,optical characterization,spray pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High-performance Zinc-Tin-Oxide thin film transistors based on environment friendly solution process
摘要： Zinc-Tin-Oxide (ZTO) thin films were fabricated using a simple and eco-friendly sol-gel method and their application in thin film transistors (TFTs) was investigated. Annealing temperature has a crucial influence on the structure and electrical properties of sol-gel ZTO thin films. The ZTO thin films annealed at 300-600 (cid:1) revealed smooth and uniform surfaces with amorphous state, in addition, a high optical transparency over 90% of the ZTO films in the visible range was obtained. The electrical performance of ZTO TFTs showed obvious dependence on annealing temperature. The ZTO TFTs annealed at 500 (cid:1) showed a high carrier mobility of 5.9 cm2/Vs, high on/off current ratio (Ion/off) of 106-107, and threshold voltage (Vth) of 1.03V. To demonstrate the application of sol-gel ZTO films in low-power display fields, we also fabricated ZTO TFTs with a solution-processed high-permittivity (high-k) ZrTiOx dielectric layer. The ZTO/ ZrTiOx TFTs showed high mobility of 17.9 cm2/Vs and Ion/off of 105-106 at a low operation voltage of 3 V, indicating that Indium-free ZTO thin films would be potential candidates for low cost, high performance oxide TFT devices.
关键词： oxide semiconductor,sol-gel process,thin-film transistor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Sol-gel synthesis of Ag-loaded TiO2-ZnO thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity
摘要： Ag-loaded TiO2-ZnO thin films, with low ZnO content, were synthesized by a one-step sol-gel process. The Ag content varied in the interval 0-4 mol% Ag. The films were deposited on glass substrates and post-annealed at 500 °C to induce crystallinity. By using the Tauc model, it was determined that the higher the Ag concentration the higher the optical band-gap energy of the films, a result attributed to the Burstein-Moss effect. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy depicted aggregated particles with grain size close to 20 to 25 nm for the oxides with no Ag, whereas the particle size decreased with the addition of Ag. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicated the formation of the Ti4+ and Zn2+ oxidation states, while Ag was found in the metallic state. A depth profile analysis, performed by secondary ion mass spectrometry, confirmed the presence of Ti, Zn, and Ag in the films. X-ray diffraction patterns displayed the anatase phase of TiO2. For (TiO2)0.95-(ZnO)0.05 thin films, a BET analysis showed that the specific surface area increased from 4.56 up to 48.84 m2/g as a consequence of Ag doping. The photocatalytic degradation of the materials under UV irradiation was assessed by using methylene blue as a model pollutant. For (TiO2)1-x-(ZnO)x compounds with no Ag, the highest response corresponded to x = 0.05. In addition, the optimum photodegradation was found for (TiO2)0.95-(ZnO)0.05 thin films with 2 mol% Ag.
关键词： Optical spectroscopy,Catalysis,X-ray diffraction,Sol-gel process,Thin films,Oxide materials
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Photocatalytic efficiencies of Zn1-xMxO compounds synthesized with a broad panel of M elements: responses in the UV, visible and solar range
摘要： Solar applications in the treatment of waste water fields were limited by the fact that the photocatalytic efficiency of photoreactors, and specifically the photocatalyst used, was less than one percent. Here we report a study investigating the catalysts based on Zn1?xMxO compounds for different [M]/[Zn] atomic ratios. M elements: Na, K, Li, Fe, V, Co, Mg, Mn, Ca, In, Al, P, Ce, were selected. All these catalysts were synthesized by sol-gel process. The morphological, compositional structural and optical properties of the obtained samples were studied by SEM, EDS, XRD and UV-Vis-NIR DRS. To evaluate photocatalytic efficiency, experiments were conducted under controlled irradiation, i.e. ultraviolet, visible or simulated sunlight. The responses showed that when the catalysts were synthesized to capture photons in the visible range, these photons were inefficient at generating radicals. These inefficiencies reflect the fact that the catalysts work poorly over the solar spectral range. Although some element families (alkaline earth metals) offer promising results, a huge effort was still needed to make catalysts efficient enough for solar applications.
关键词： Efficiency,Zn1?xMxO,Nanocatalyst,Photocatalysis,Sol-gel process
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Ferroelectric properties of Ag doped PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 thin film deposited by sol–gel process
摘要： To suppress the generation of oxygen vacancy during the PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 (PZT) film synthesis process, herein, the 0–3 type Ag/PZT film is chosen as a prototype to systematically investigate the mechanisms of oxygen vacancy decrease and the relationship of ferroelectric properties. The uniform and dense films were successfully fabricated on fluorine tin oxide glasses (FTO) by facile sol–gel processes. It is confirmed the existence of silver nanoparticles in the film, indicating the composite ferroelectric films are of 0–3 type. When Ag doping mole concentration is 0.010 in the sol, a large remnant polarization (Pr) of ~ 50.7 μΧ/cm2 is got, which is 37.9 μΧ/cm2 for pure PZT. UV–vis spectrum confirms the generation of Ag2O in the process of mixing the sol. Furthermore, the oxygen vacancies caused by natural evaporation of lead specie are effectively reduced because of the decomposition of Ag2O, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This work points out the generated Ag2O as the intermediate product is the key to achieve high remnant polarization in Ag/PZT based film and make it as a promising candidate for memory applications.
关键词： remnant polarization,oxygen vacancy,Ag doped PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3,sol–gel process,Ferroelectric properties
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14