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Design and analysis of a multigeneration system with concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) and hydrogen storage
摘要： Concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) is an auspicious technology to overcome the high cost problem of highly efficient multi-junction solar cells. However, due to huge concentration of light energy, high heat flux dissipation from a confined space is a challenge. The proposed system here is first of its type to apply and thermodynamically analyze the Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer (NBHT) for thermal management of CPV. In order to increase overall efficiency of CPV system, a multigeneration system using concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) and hydrogen storage is designed and thermodynamically analyzed to fulfill electricity, hot and cold water, heating ventilation and cooling (HVAC) requirement of a residential community with continuous operation. A part of the generated electricity from CPV is used to power the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The produced gases are stored, and reused by proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to fulfill the system's electrical energy requirement during night time and unfavourable energy conditions in day time. The resultant thermal energy from CPV/T is used for the heating, hot water and cooling requirement of the buildings by employing lithium bromide absorption chiller (AbC). A humidity harvesting system is connected, at the outlet of the absorption chiller, to convert humid air into water and ventilation air requirement of the building. The designed system performs at 67.52% overall energy efficiency, 34.89% of overall exergy efficiency and up to 1862 times concentration ratio at designed steady-state conditions. The results show that with an increase in boiling temperature of NBHT from 353 K to 373 K, the maximum concentration ratio ability increases significantly from 1392 to 2400 times due to increase in critical heat flux, while the electrical efficiency of the CPV system decreases from 28.65% to 27.09% because of increase in cell temperature. To verify the performance of the designed system for different locations, operating conditions and capacities, the effects of Direct Normal Irradiance (IDNI), ambient temperature, relative humidity ratio and the installed capacity are also analyzed by the parametric studies.
关键词： Concentrated photovoltaics,Multigeneration system,Hydrogen storage,Exergy,Solar photovoltaics/thermal system,Electrolyzer and fuel cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Coordinated control of MPPT and voltage regulation using single-stage high gain DC–DC converter in a grid-connected PV system
摘要： In general, grid-connected PV system uses two stages of DC-DC converter to accomplish Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and DC voltage regulation. In order to overcome the two stage conversion, a single stage high gain DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The operation of three switches with two different duty ratio is the main advantage of this converter to accomplish the coordinated control of MPPT and DC voltage regulation. This coordinated control also helps to provide constant DC voltage to the DC loads though the inverter is disconnected from the DC bus. A 1KW grid-connected PV system with the proposed DC-DC converter is developed and is validated using OP4500 Real-Time test platform. In addition, a decoupled control strategy with fractional order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller is implemented at the inverter end. Also, the reactive power compensation, harmonic reduction (less than 5% as per the IEEE 519 standard) and the grid power factor close to unity is obtained and the results are validated using the real-time simulator.
关键词： Solar photovoltaics,LCL filter,Coordinated control of MPPT and voltage regulation,High gain DC-DC converter,Grid integration and power quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Innovation capability, network embeddedness and economic performance: profiling solar power innovators in China
摘要： This paper discusses the technological upgrading of China in photovoltaics technology. It explores the patterns of innovation and network embeddedness and their impact on economic performance at the firm level. Identifying the main innovators over 1995–2014 with patent and market share indicators, the landscape of their activities is inspected through two hierarchical cluster analyses in parallel: first, against the quantity, quality and diversity of patents, and second, against global-integration, component-size and position in technological knowledge networks. The resulting clusters are cross-related to understand their interrelations with age, size, turnover and productivity of actors. The multivariate analysis of variance shows a significant relationship between turnover and productivity. Global-integration in small-world networks is significantly related with economic performance. Quality of innovation shows higher importance than quantity and diversity. While specialisation in high-tech fields has positive impact on turnover, production-oriented firms with low-tech focus have higher productivity.
关键词： patent profiles,MANOVA,productivity,cluster analysis,concurrency matrix,technological upgrading,China,emerging economy,innovation system,solar photovoltaics,economic performance,network embeddedness patterns
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Performance enhancement of multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules using mirror reflectors under Western Himalayan climatic conditions
摘要： Silicon photovoltaic modules are widely used in solar power plants worldwide, but their efficiency is of concern due to intermittent nature of solar radiation and non-optimum inclination of PV panels. The PV system power potential is enhanced using reflectors installed at optimum tilt angle. In this study performance of a PV-mirror reflector system installed at respective optimum tilt angles, is evaluated for a two-year period. The average power enhancement of PV-reflector system is found to be 10e19.84% in summers and 10e13.23% in winters. A new model is developed to determine reflector optimum tilt angles and the results are validated experimentally. The reflector optimum tilt angles are determined to be 400 for summer and 150 for winter for Hamirpur location, Himachal Pradesh, India. The error in the predicted and experimental optimum tilt angles is found to be 12.5%. The PV module temperature rise due to reflector is found small so the effect on PV efficiency is not substantial for this location. The present study is of relevance for PV power plants to improve land use efficiency and to reduce the cost of energy generation for any location worldwide. Further follow up research areas are also identified.
关键词： PV System,Optimum tilt angle,Solar photovoltaics,Solar plants,Mirror reflector
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design method of a compact static nonimaging concentrator for portable photovoltaics using parameterisation and numerical optimisation
摘要： Portable solar chargers are one of the technologies that can help to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030. However, the large number of solar photovoltaic devices required and their short life-span make achieving this goal a resource and energy intensive process. To reduce the embodied energy, the embodied carbon and the human and eco-toxicity potential of portable solar chargers, solar photovoltaic concentrators can be used. This paper proposes a new nonimaging solar photovoltaic concentrator design which has material efficiency, portability and off-grid use as its main feature. The main contribution of this paper is the design method of the new 3D nonimaging concentrator containing the parametric equation of the concentrator surfaces and the numeric optimisation of the design parameters. The developed optimisation program is based on genetic algorithms which parameters were determined experimentally in this paper. The concentrator design achieved with this method is 43% less material intensive than the most compact nonimaging solar concentrator available in literature. This design approach can be used to find concentrator designs with specific volumes, heights, concentration ratios, acceptance angles and optical efficiency. It is therefore a step towards more material efficient and more sustainable nonimaging concentrators as well as more sustainable portable solar photovoltaic systems.
关键词： Nonimaging concentrator,Numerical optimization,Portable solar,Sustainable solar photovoltaics,CPV
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design of domestic photovoltaics manufacturing system under global constraints and uncertainty: Case economic aspects
摘要： As global political discourse is taking place where the need for a cleaner energy mix is constantly highlighted, manufacturing strategies are becoming more relevant. Thus, the photovoltaics system design is a crucial aspect related with the overall sustainability. In fact, various countries are considering the potential to locally manufacture different elements of the photovoltaics (PV) value chain and the strategies to incentivize a local manufacturing base. This paper develops a mathematical programming approach for the optimal design of a PV manufacturing value chain considering diverse criteria linked to economic and environmental performance such as minimum sustainable price, transportation capacity, among others, and considering uncertainty. In addition, the proposed methodology involves the dependence over time of supply chain variables and economic parameters such as inflation, electricity cost, and weighted average cost of capital, to determine the manufacturing system topology under uncertain conditions. Our results highlight the importance of planning models to develop markets policies related to supply chains, production level changes and imposed tariffs all while involving uncertainty in economic parameters, which is an improvement compared to planning models that use deterministic formulations. Finally, the proposed methodology and results can encourage decision-making considering probable variations in different parameters.
关键词： Uncertainty,Expected value,Solar photovoltaics,Worst case,Manufacturing photovoltaics system,Multi-objective optimization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimal operational strategy for an offgrid hybrid hydrogen/electricity refueling station powered by solar photovoltaics
摘要： This study introduces a novel concept to provide both electric charging and hydrogen refueling at the same location. A hybrid hydrogen/electricity refueling station (HERS) powered only by solar photovoltaics in a remote area without access to the electrical grid is proposed. This station provides electricity for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and simultaneously produces hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). Owing to the variability of PV power output and electricity price, electricity and hydrogen demands, this study investigates a possible operational strategy for the offgrid HERS. The objective is to propose optimal operational strategies for such a station to maximize profits by selling electricity and hydrogen to owners of both BEVs and HFCVs. Failure to supply electricity and hydrogen is treated as a penalty in the target function. The scenario-based stochastic method is adopted for this uncertainty modeling, and the conditional value-at-risk is also considered for evaluating the financial risks. The results reveal that 1) the proposed HERS can simultaneously supply the demands of the BEVs and HFCVs and 2) the behavior of HERS (providing energy to BEVs or HFCVs) is determined by several major factors, namely, electricity and hydrogen prices, and the penalty coefficients.
关键词： Conditional value-at-risk,Electrical vehicles,Operational strategy,Hydrogen-fueled vehicles,Hybrid hydrogen/electricity refueling station,Solar photovoltaics,Mixed-integer linear programming
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Smart solar photovoltaic panel cleaning system
摘要： With the increasing demand for renewable energy, solar photovoltaic technology is being a topic of concern. However, due to the accumulation of dust and dirt over the panel surface, the performance of the photovoltaic system degrades to a noticeable number. To address this issue: a fully automated, cost worthy and efficient system needs to be invented. This paper presents the design and fabrication process of a prototype able to clean the panel surface. The prototype of this system comprises of a cleaning robot and a cloud interface: the cleaning robot is mobile and able to clean the entire solar array back and forth, with its separately driven cleaning rotatory brush; whereas, the cloud interface is a human-machine interface featuring the distant monitoring and control of the robot. Additionally, to notify the performance of distantly placed solar farm, a sensing unit consisting of sensors was added to this system. Furthermore, to add an automatic cleaning feature, a month-long data of totally clean and dusty panel was processed with regression analysis, and the developed regression model was programmed into the sensing unit. The sensing unit added with the regression model is named as an autonomous unit, as it predicts the suitable time for cleaning action. According to the system evaluation done on a demonstration PV module, it was found that the designed system can clean dry dust accumulated over the panel’s surface. Moreover, by attaching the metal rail tracks on a long solar array, the system seems to be implementable on a large scale solar farm.
关键词： Solar Photovoltaics,Distant Monitoring,Regression Model,Robot
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Performance analysis of solar photovoltaic panel at Karaikal weather conditions
摘要： Increase in need of non-renewable energy sources has directed to the installation of Photovoltaic (PV) plants in many areas. Performance analysis of these PV plants could support in designing, operating and maintenance of PV systems. A PV panel was installed at the terrace of Science Block of NIT-Puducherry, Karaikal, India located at 10° latitude. The performance of this installed PV panel was analyzed by during August 2017 to February 2018. In this study, the average power output and system efficiency are analyzed. The results show that PV performance depends on geographical location and climatic conditions such as solar radiation and ambient temperature.
关键词： Performance Analysis,Climatic Conditions,Solar,Photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Advances in solar photovoltaics: Technology review and patent trends
摘要： Against the pressing challenges of climate change and fossil fuel depletion, renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics (PV) are considered a clean and sustainable alternative. PV technologies have grown into a substantial field of research and development through large stocks of scientific publications and patents. Besides cell technologies, the balance of system (BoS) components such as panels, electronics and energy storage form an important research area. The present article studies the development of the PV technological system using patent indicators. It is composed of three parts: First, it defines the system by thoroughly reviewing the various cell and BoS technologies. Second, it introduces a novel methodical approach for identifying its relevant patents. In that sense, the paper contributes with an accurate inventory of international patent classes for PV system. Finally, the geographical, organizational and technical trends over the past six decades are analysed along with a review of the most influential inventions. The analysis shows that 95% of the PV patent applications were filed by inventors from seven countries: Japan, Korea, China, USA, Germany, Taiwan, and France. Most patents were filed by companies and related to thin-film and crystalline-silicon cells as well as panel encapsulation and supporting structures. The analysis reviews the quantity, quality and technological specialization within countries’ patent profiles. It further provides an overview of the technological landscape and freedom-spaces available for manufacturers.
关键词： PV cell technologies,IPC classes inventory,Renewable energy,Balance of system,Solar photovoltaics,Sectoral identification,Patent trends
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52