- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
In Situ Study of Sputtering Nanometer-Thick Gold Films onto 100 Nanometer-Thick Spiro-OMeTAD Films: Implications for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The performance of many perovskite solar cells is closely related to the spiro-OMeTAD/gold interface since gold is used as top contacts, which renders the detailed understanding of the interface formation very important. In this work, sputter deposition as an industry-relevant, high-rate, large-scale and well-controllable deposition technique is used to prepare gold electrodes on top of a 100 nm thick spiro-OMeTAD film. In situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is used to study the nanostructure-growth kinetics of the gold contact on top of the spiro-OMeTAD film during the sputter process. The results show that the gold grows in nanoscale clusters, which then coalesce into a complete yet still nanogranular layer forming the top contact with a thickness of 90 nm. Based on simulations of the 2D GISAXS patterns additional information about the shape of the nanosized gold cluster is gained at the different cluster growth stages. Furthermore, the diffusion of gold into the spiro-OMeTAD film occurs during the sputter process as verified with X-ray reflectivity. In a depth of 3.5 nm below the gold contact the gold doping level of the spiro-OMeTAD film is 6.3 % irrespective of the final gold contact thickness. Thus, the interface between the spiro-OMeTAD film and the Au contact is not sharp as commonly sketched as well as the contact is grainy, which will be both of importance for the performance of device such as perovskite solar cells.
关键词： gold contacts,spiro-OMeTAD film,sputter deposition,in situ GISAXS,growth kinetics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Enhanced hole transport in benzoic acid doped spiro-OMeTAD composite layer with intergrowing benzoate phase for perovskite solar cells
摘要： Spiro-OMeTAD is one of the widely used hole-transfer materials for designing high-performance perovskite solar cells. It is reported that acid doping is an efficient and facile method to increase the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD and accelerate its oxidation process. Besides, investigating the morphologic controlling mechanism of spiro-OMeTAD films would give a novel insight in designing the hole-transport layer (HTL) and further clarify the mechanism of acid additives. In this work, the effect of benzoic acid on the spiro-OMeTAD oxidation is studied, where the formation of the lithium benzoate phase can decrease the size of hollows in the spiro-OMeTAD film. By doping benzoic acid, the HTL exhibits faster oxidation process and better hole transfer ability. Meanwhile, the hysteresis of the perovskite solar device based on the HTL is effectively reduced via optimizing the doping content, with an improved power conversion efficiency reaching up to 16.26% under standard AM 1.5G illumination.
关键词： Benzoic acid,Perovskite solar cells,Hole-transport layer,Oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Influence of Surface Modifier Molecular Structures on the Photovoltaic Performance of Sb <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> Sensitized TiO <sub/>2</sub> Nanorod Array Solar Cells
摘要： In this paper, Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod arrays are prepared by the pyrolysis of 1.2 M antimony-thiourea complex solution in DMF at 270 ℃ for 10 min. Various surface modifiers with different functional groups and carbon numbers of C10H21PO3H2, C12H25SO3Na, C3H7COOH, C5H11COOH, C7H15COOH, C11H23COOH, C13H27COOH, C15H31COOH and C17H35COOH are applied to modify Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod arrays. The corresponding solar cells are fabricated, and their photovoltaic performances are evaluated. To the different functional group surface modifiers, the improvement of functional group on photovoltaic performance is the order of -COOH > -PO3H2 > -SO3Na. To the different carbon number (4-18) surface modifiers, RCOOH with carbon number range of 8-12 exhibit better photovoltaic performance. Moreover, the Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod array solar cells with C11H23COOH achieve the best photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.37 % with the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.53 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.98 mA?cm-2, fill factor (FF) of 60.66 % and the average PCE of 5.11±0.21 % with the Voc of 0.52±0.01 V, Jsc of 16.65±0.24 mA?cm-2, FF of 58.93±1.21 %. The PCE of 5.37 % corresponding to the use of spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transporting material is a relatively high PCE for Sb2S3 solar cells.
关键词： spiro-OMeTAD,Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod array,solar cell,surface modifier
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Characterization and analysis of FA <sub/><i>x</i> </sub> Cs <sub/> (1? <i>x</i> ) </sub> Pb(I <sub/><i>y</i> </sub> Br <sub/> (1? <i>y</i> ) </sub> ) <sub/>3</sub> perovskite solar cells with thickness controlled transport layers for performance optimization
摘要： Strong characterization methods are needed to fully comprehend the chemistry and composition of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the interaction between layers inside a cell and how they react with the environment is important to achieve optimum manufacturing processes, and improve efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Here, we probe a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite cell structure formed by a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), cassiterite (SnO2), mixed halide perovskite, Spiro-OMeTAD and silver layers. We have demonstrated a power conversion efficiency (PCE) greater than 19% and aVoc of more than 1.1 V for a wide-band gap (1.6 eV) perovskite solar cell.
关键词： Spiro-OMeTAD,perovskite solar cells,efficiency,SnO2,characterization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Solvent Engineering of a Dopant-Free Spiro-OMeTAD Hole-Transport Layer for cm-Scale Perovskite Solar Cells having High Efficiency and Thermal Stability
摘要： High efficiency and environmental stability are mandatory performance requirements for commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, efficient cm-scale PSCs with improved stability were achieved by incorporating an additive-free 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis[N,N-di(p-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9’-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole transporting material (HTM) through simply substituting the usual chlorobenzene solvent with pentachloroethane (PC). A stabilized power conversion efficiency of 16.1% under simulated AM 1.5G 1-sun illumination with an aperture of 1.00 cm2 was achieved for PSCs using an additive-free spiro-OMeTAD layer cast from PC. X-ray analysis suggested chlorine radicals from pentachloroethane transferred partially to spiro-OMeTAD and retain in the HTM film, resulting of conductivity improvement. Moreover, unencapsulated PSCs having cm-scale active area cast from PC retained >70% of their initial PCE after ageing at 80 °C for 500 h, in contrast with less than 20% retention for control devices. Morphological and X-ray analysis of the aged cells revealed that the perovskite and HTM layers remain almost unchanged in the cells with spiro-OMeTAD layer cast from PC whereas serious degradation occurred in the control cells. This study not only reveals the decomposition mechanism of PSCs in the presence of HTM-additives, but also opens up a broad range of organic semiconductors for radical doping.
关键词： stability,spiro-OMeTAD,perovskite solar cell,hole transporting materials,dopant-free,radical,pentachloroethane
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Origination of Anomalous Current Fluctuation in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been rapidly crowded into the emerging photovoltaics, exhibiting soaring efficiencies over 25%. There are unusual characteristics that have emerged in the progression of these solar cells, such as anomalous current hysteresis and light soaking effect. Here, we first identify a current fluctuation phenomenon in PSCs and show the feature of current fluctuation. Scan derived power conversion efficiency is seriously interrupted by the current fluctuation under working conditions. The hole transport material (HTM) 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) in PSCs undergoes severe morphological deformation along with the storage time, which results in this current fluctuation phenomenon. Li-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) as additives within the spiro-OMeTAD layer induce large pinholes across the whole HTM after the tBP additive escaped and the LiTFSI additive aggregated. These aggregated free Li+ ions would form the ionic conductivity path, replacing the original spiro-OMeTAD HTM layer. The disabled spiro-OMeTAD layer leads to the shorts between Ag electrode and perovskite, causing the anomalous current fluctuation especially under a high scan voltage. Our investigation provides the understanding and how to eliminate the current fluctuation in PSCs, which is essential for further progress in device stability.
关键词： spiro-OMeTAD,perovskite solar cells,hole transport material,stability,current fluctuation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Dopant‐Free Crystalline Spiro‐OMeTAD Layers by Vacuum Sublimation
摘要： The main handicap still hindering the eventual exploitation of organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells is their poor stability under prolonged illumination, ambient conditions, and increased temperatures. This article shows for the first time the vacuum processing of the most widely used solid-state hole conductor (SSHC), i.e., the Spiro-OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9′-spirobifluorene], and how its dopant-free crystalline formation unprecedently improves perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability under continuous illumination by about two orders of magnitude with respect to the solution-processed reference and after annealing in air up to 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the control over the temperature of the samples during the vacuum deposition enhances the crystallinity of the SSHC, obtaining a preferential orientation along the π–π stacking direction. These results may represent a milestone toward the full vacuum processing of hybrid organic halide PSCs as well as light-emitting diodes, with promising impacts on the development of durable devices. The microstructure, purity, and crystallinity of the vacuum sublimated Spiro-OMeTAD layers are fully elucidated by applying an unparalleled set of complementary characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,organometal halide perovskites,stability,vacuum deposition,solid state hole conductors,Spiro-OMeTAD
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04