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Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Rapidly Detects the Decay of Postharvest Strawberry Based on Water-Soluble Sugar Analysis
摘要： This paper presents a novel strategy to detect the fungal decay in strawberry using reflectance near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI, 1000–2500 nm). The variation of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total water-soluble sugar (TWSS) content was analyzed using HPLC with a reference method during fungal infection in strawberry. The feasibility of quantifying sugar constituents relevant to the different stages of decay in strawberry was evaluated using NIR-HSI with key wavelengths selected via successive projection algorithm. The results showed that the predicted performance of TWSS content was acceptable within 2 and 2.603 for RPD, respectively. Five to seven key wavelengths were obtained based on sugar constituents, and excellent performance for classification accuracy among the three stages of decay was 89.4 to 95.4% for calibration and 87.0 to 94.4% for prediction, respectively. This rapid approach provides a new strategy for the selection of key wavelengths to detect the decay and sugar constituents in strawberries.
关键词： Strawberry,Key wavelength,Decay,Sugar content,Hyperspectral imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Distribution of Flavan-3-ol Species in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Revealed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging
摘要： Flavan-3-ols, which comprise proanthocyanidins and their monomers, are major ?avonoids in strawberries, and they have a wide range of biological activities and health bene?ts. However, their spatial distribution in strawberry fruit remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), to visualize ? ?avan-3-ols in ripe strawberry fruit. Peaks matching the m/z values of ?avan-3-ols [M ? H] ions were detected in the negative ion mode using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as matrix. Catechin and/or epicatechin, three B-type procyanidins, and two B-type propelargonidins were identi?ed by MALDI-tandem MS. These ?avan-3-ols were mainly distributed in the calyx, in and around the vascular bundles, and in the skin. In-source fragmentation of proanthocyanidins was determined using their standards, suggesting their distribution was mixed ion images of themselves, and fragment ions generated from those had a higher degree of polymerization. B-type procyanidins were predominantly distributed in the vascular bundles than in the skin, whereas B-type propelargonidins were almost equally distributed between the vascular bundles and skin, suggesting that their distribution patterns are di?erent from the type of their ?avan-3-ol monomers. Flavan-3-ols, especially B-type procyanidins, may help prevent pathogen infection not only in the skin but also in and around the vascular bundles.
关键词： mass spectrometry imaging (MSI),propelargonidins,procyanidins,proanthocyanidins,?avan-3-ols,strawberry,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of Light Intensity on Rooting and Growth of Hydroponic Strawberry Runner Plants in a LED Plant Factory
摘要： To rapidly produce strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Benihoppe) transplants from cuttings, suitable light intensities for unrooted runner plants at the rooting stage and rooted runner plants at the seedling stage were determined in a plant factory under LED lighting. At the rooting stage, unrooted runner plants at the 3-leaf stage were hydroponically rooted for 6 days under light intensity of 30, 90, 150, and 210 μmol m?2 s?1, respectively. At the seedling stage, rooted runner plants were hydroponically grown for 18 days under light intensity of 90, 180, 270, and 360 μmol m?2 s?1, respectively. The tube LED lights consisting of white and red LED chips were used as sole light source, and photoperiod was controlled as 16 h d?1. The results showed that the maximum root number (7.7) and longest root length (14.8 cm) of the runner plants were found under 90 μmol m?2 s?1 at the rooting stage. Photosynthetic activity in runner plant leaves under 90 μmol m?2 s?1 were higher than that under 30, 150, and 210 μmol m?2 s?1. Higher light intensity at the range of 90–270 μmol m?2 s?1 increased the stomatal conductance of newly formed leaves of rooted runner plants, thus improving the net photosynthetic rate and growth of rooted runner plants at the seedling stage. The crown diameter, shoot and root dry weights, and root to shoot ratio of rooted runner plants increased by 9.7%, 38.8%, 106.1%, and 48.7%, respectively, when the light intensity increased from 90 to 270 μmol m?2 s?1. However, there was no further improvement of runner plant growth under 360 μmol m?2 s?1. Furthermore, no significant difference of increased dry biomass per mole of photons delivered was found between 180 and 270 μmol m?2 s?1. In consideration of transplant quality and economic balance, light intensity of 90 μmol m?2 s?1 at the rooting stage and 270 μmol m?2 s?1 at the seedling stage were suggested for rapidly producing hydroponic strawberry transplants based on unrooted runner plants in the LED plant factory.
关键词： photosynthetic activity,rooting stage,seedling stage,cutting,strawberry transplant,daily light integral,vegetative propagation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Plant growth, yield and fruit quality of <i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> genotypes under supplemental LED lighting system and substrate cultivation
摘要： The use of substrates in protected strawberry production is increasing rapidly among growers with the advantages of prolonging the growing season, increasing yield and improving fruit quality. Under protected crop it has been reported that low light conditions may reduce plant productivity. An experiment was conducted from November 2014 to May 2015 to evaluate if light levels during autumn and winter period were limiting for strawberry growth under Portuguese conditions. Plant growth, precocity, total yield and fruit quality of eight Fragaria × ananassa genotypes grown under LED light and without supplemental light, using ‘Camarosa’ as standard cultivar were examined. Fresh bare-rooted plants were cultivated in two commercial substrates, a substrate mix (40% pine bark + 40% peat + 20% coconut fiber) and coconut fiber (100%), under glasshouse located in Oeiras (38°41’N, 09°19’W). Plants exposed to supplemental LED lighting showed a tendency to be more vigorous although this effect was not statistically significant. Fruit yield did not change with LED lighting but on contrast there was a strong effect of substrate (p<0.001) and cultivar (p<0.001) on fruit yield and fruit quality. April and May yields and total fruit yield were higher in plants cultivated in coconut substrate showing higher commercial fruit size. Compared to ‘Camarosa’, ‘Rabida’ plants yielded more and produced the highest early fruit yield among cultivars while other cultivars equaled or produced less. Results demonstrated that light conditions were not limiting for strawberry production in this experiment and that the variation of growth and yield of Fragaria × ananassa relied above all on genotype and substrate type.
关键词： strawberry,day neutral,pine bark,leaf area,short-day,coconut fiber,peat
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Protocol for Producing Three-Dimensional Infrared Video of Freezing in Plants
摘要： Freezing in plants can be monitored using infrared (IR) thermography, because when water freezes, it gives off heat. However, problems with color contrast make 2-dimensions (2D) infrared images somewhat difficult to interpret. Viewing an IR image or the video of plants freezing in 3 dimensions (3D) would allow a more accurate identification of sites for ice nucleation as well as the progression of freezing. In this paper, we demonstrate a relatively simple means to produce a 3D infrared video of a strawberry plant freezing. Strawberry is an economically important crop that is subjected to unexpected spring freeze events in many areas of the world. An accurate understanding of the freezing in strawberry will provide both breeders and growers with more economical ways to prevent any damage to plants during freezing conditions. The technique involves a positioning of two IR cameras at slightly different angles to film the strawberry freezing. The two video streams will be precisely synchronized using a screen capture software that records both cameras simultaneously. The recordings will then be imported into the imaging software and processed using an anaglyph technique. Using red-blue glasses, the 3D video will make it easier to determine the precise site of ice nucleation on leaf surfaces.
关键词： Infrared thermography,plant freezing,anaglyph,3-dimensional video,convergence,strawberry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36