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Significant enhancement of photoactivity in one-dimensional TiO2 nanorods modified by S-, N-, O-doped carbon nanosheets
摘要： Titanium dioxide (TiO2) represents one of the most active photocatalysts among metal oxides for the degradation of pollutants and for solar water splitting to produce hydrogen. The most critical drawbacks hindering its broad practical use are the absorption majorly in the UV part of solar spectrum and slow charge dynamics. Combination of TiO2 with a suitable partner in a hybrid nanostructure can effectively address these drawbacks. Here we report a novel nanocomposite system based on one-dimensional TiO2 nanorods wrapped with a sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-doped carbon (SNOC) nanosheets. The SNOC nanosheets are synthesized by a cost-effective and facile route using eco-friendly carrageenan as a sulfur, oxygen, and carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source. Silica was used as the templating agent that leads to large surface area materials after its removal at the end of the synthesis. Therefore, the synthesized material exhibits superior photocatalytic performance for decoloring representative Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. SNOC shows the apparent rate constant of 7.6 × 10–3 min–1, which is almost 3 times higher than that of a SNOC material without using silica (2.8 × 10–3 min–1). This performance of doped carbon material can be assigned to the effect of large surface area and effective visible light adsorption. The TiO2 NRs / SNOC nanocomposite was investigated for photoelectrochemical water splitting showing much higher photocurrent densities (0.85 mA cm–2) than pure TiO2 nanorod arrays (0.35 mA cm–2), which was due to significant improvement in the charge transfer dynamics and co-catalytic effect of SNOC. All the materials prepared were evaluated on the basis of physical properties such as crystalline structure, optical absorption, surface topography, and electronic properties.
关键词： Water splitting,Photoelectrochemistry,Photocatalysis,Heterojunction,TiO2 nanorods,S, N, O-doped mesoporous carbon
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Time Dependent Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Nanorods and their Photoelectrochemical Applications
摘要： In the present investigation, we report facile hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanorods with high density rutile phase on Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) for enhanced solar cell application. The structural, optical, morphological, compositional and electrochemical properties are investigated by detailed XRD, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, XPS and photoelectrochemical studies. It is demonstrated that, the deposited TiO2 thin film shows pure rutile phase with tetragonal crystal structure. Optical spectra showed strong light absorption in UV region and FESEM images confirm the time dependent growth of TiO2 nanorods. EDAX and XPS Spectra confirm the formation of pure TiO2 nanorods. Photoelectrochemical performance with respect to time dependent growth of TiO2 nanorods showed highest photoconversion efficiency = 5.1%.
关键词： Hydrothermal synthesis,Photoelectrochemical cell property,Single crystalline,Photoconversion efficiency,TiO2 nanorods,Transparent conducting oxide (TCO)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Carbon quantum dots-decorated TiO2/g-C3N4 film electrode as a photoanode with improved photoelectrocatalytic performance for 1,4-dioxane degradation
摘要： In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were used to decorate a TiO2/g-C3N4 (TCN) film electrode. The morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties of the TiO2/g-C3N4/CQDs nanorod arrays (TCNC NRAs) film were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), and electro-impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The improved optical properties, photoelectrochemical chemical properties and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of photoanode can be observed by doping CQDs onto the TCN NRAs film. Compared with TiO2 NRAs and TCN NRAs, the narrower band gap of 2.47 eV and longer lifetime of photoinduced electron-hole pairs were observed in the TCNC NRAs. Under visible light irradiation and a bias voltage of 1.2 V, the photocurrent density and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) removal rate of PEC process with TCNC NRAs electrode reached 0.16 mA/cm2 and 77.9%, respectively, which was 2.5 times and 1.5 times of that with TCN NRAs electrode. TCNC NRAs electrode could keep >75% of the 1,4-D removal rate during five cycles tests. High PEC performance with TCNC NRAs electrode could be attributed to the enhanced charge separation and the change of electron transfer mechanism from typical heterojunction to Z-scheme, which may increase the active species production and change the dominant reactive species from O2?- to ?OH. Our experimental results should be useful for studying the degradation of 1,4-D and developing efficient PEC materials.
关键词： Graphite carbon nitride,TiO2 nanorods,1,4-Dioxane,Carbon quantum dots,Photoelectrocatalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Inverted pyramid Er3+ and Yb3+ Co-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays based perovskite solar cell: Infrared response and improved current density
摘要： In this study, a Yb3+, Er3+ co-doped TiO2 inverted pyramid nanorod (NR) array and a compact TiO2 ?lm are simultaneously fabricated as the mesoporous support layer and electron-blocking layer, respectively, by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopy results show that the incorporation of Er3+ and Yb3+ causes changes not only in the growth rate of the NRs, but also in the TiO2 NR morphology. The Er3+, Yb3+ co-doped TiO2 NRs exhibit an inverted pyramidal morphology, which is bene?cial for perovskite permeation and light utilization. Notably, the Er3+, Yb3+ co-doping causes changes in the band gap of TiO2 and leads to 25% increase in the current density. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results show that the device based on the doped TiO2 NRs has a higher recombination resistance and a lower transfer resistance than those of the undoped device, and thereby, the doped device exhibits a lower electron recombination rate. In addition, the upconversion Er and Yb co-doped device exhibits 25% higher current density and 17% higher photon-to-electron conversion e?ciency, as revealed by the J-V test results. Moreover, the optimized e?ciency of the TiO2 NR array-based perovskite solar cell is determined to be 10.02%. Furthermore, the Er and Yb co-doped device exhibits a near-infrared response, an e?ciency of 0.1% is achieved under infrared light (800–1100 nm) irradiation. This upconversion material can widen the photovoltaic responses of solar cells into the near-infrared region and improve the utilization of sunlight.
关键词： Infrared response,Yb3+,Er3+ co-doped,TiO2 nanorods,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An All Carbon Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: A Sustainable and Low-Cost Design for Metal Free Wearable Solar Cell Devices
摘要： Lightweight carbon electrodes are the new candidates for photovoltaic devices due to their temperature resistivity, ease of fabrication, and skin comfortability. Herein, a sustainable and facile strategy has been proposed for metal free all carbon dye sensitized solar cell (C-DSSC), assembled by stacking carbon front electrode (CFE) and carbon counter electrode (CCE). The CFE demonstrated adequate light transmittance (70-50%) while maintaining efficient photon absorption and charge separation mechanism due to dye coated TiO2 nanorods (P25-R). The graphene dip coated carbon counter electrode (Gr@CCE) possesses remarkable highly electro catalytic activity towards 3 /I ― I ― redox couple with low charge transfer resistance (RCT=0.79 ?). The sustainable design of C-DSSC attained ~6±0.5 % efficiency with high photocurrent density of 18.835 mA. cm-2. The superior performance of C-DSSC is accredited to its improved charge mobility, low internal resistance, and better interfacial electrode contact. The thickness of C-DSSC is ≤3 mm eliminates the need for rigid glass in DSSC.
关键词： Carbon,TiO2 nanorods,Dye sensitized solar cell,Graphene,Electrocatalytic activity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Incorporating graphene quantum dots to enhance the photoactivity of CdSe-sensitized TiO2 nanorods for solar hydrogen production
摘要： This work demonstrated that the incorporation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can greatly improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency of CdSe-sensitized TiO2 nanorods (TiO2/CdSe), a TiO2-based visible light-responsive photoelectrode paradigm, for solar hydrogen production. For TiO2/CdSe, the accumulated holes at CdSe may induce photocorrosive oxidation to decompose CdSe, deteriorating the long-term stability of photoelectrode and degrading the PEC performance. With the introduction of GQDs, the delocalized holes can further transfer from CdSe to the GQDs, which eases the hole accumulation at the CdSe sites, thus retarding photocorrosion. Compared to the binary TiO2/CdSe photoanode, the ternary TiO2/CdSe/GQDs photoanode displays higher photocurrent and better photostability toward PEC hydrogen production. This superiority can be attributed to vectorial charge transfer and enhanced reaction kinetics provided by the introduction of GQDs. The findings from this work highlight the importance of the introduction of GQDs as a potential solution to the photocorrosion issue of chalcogenide-sensitized semiconductor photoelectrodes.
关键词： photocorrosion,photoelectrochemical efficiency,solar hydrogen production,CdSe-sensitized TiO2 nanorods,graphene quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of seed layer on growth of rutile TiO <sub/>2</sub> nanorods
摘要： For achieving the high quality of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods, herein, we present a synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanorods on a transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substratewith seed layer by a two-step method. TiO2 thin films were first precoated by spin coating and annealing, followed by the growth of TiO2 nanorods with a hydrothermal method. The crystallographic nanostructures and properties of the nanorods were investigated. XRD results demonstrate that seed layer was tetragonal anatase TiO2 structure while nanorods had tetragonal rutile TiO2 structure. Since the hydrothermal technique was conducted in medium acid, structure of nanorods was induced to form in rutile phase. The major characteristic orientation of nanorods on the seed layers was (002) and minor in (101) planes. FE-SEM results show that seed layer enhances the process to achieve vertical-aligned orientation of the TiO2 nanorods, which contribute to develop electron transport rate and could pay an important role inelectron transport layer in high-performance Perovskite solar cell.
关键词： seed layer,hydrothermal method,rutile TiO2 nanorods,Perovskite solar cell,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Facile Coengineering of Oxygen Defects and Highly Active {110} Facets in TiO <sub/>2</sub> Nanorods for Efficient Water Splitting
摘要： Optimizing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for hydrogen evolution from water splitting remains a challenging task. Herein, we report the synthesis of a slightly oxygen-deficient TiO2 film consisting of anatase nanorods with mainly {110} lateral surfaces by a facile one-step technology of magnetron sputtering. The 1D nanostructure and Ti3+/oxygen vacancies in the as-prepared TiO2 film are advantageous for the inhibition of recombination of electron-hole pairs, while the exposed {110} lateral surfaces provide abundant surface active sites; as a result, this TiO2 exhibited an ultra-high photocatalytic activity for water splitting. Remarkably, photocatalytic overall water splitting into H2 and O2 simultaneously with a ratio close to 2:1 has been realized for the first time over pristine anatase TiO2 without the assistance of sacrificial electron donor and cocatalyst. Additionally, in the presence of methanol as a sacrificial agent, the pristine TiO2 displayed a high apparent quantum efficiency of ～21.4% at 365 nm and the hydrogen generation rate under the full-arc light irradiation could be as high as 14.35 mmol m-2 h-1, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of P25 film (~0.014 mmol m-2 h-1). This result provides a facile pathway to synthesizing defect-based metal oxide with optimal facets and morphology for high-efficiency energy conversion.
关键词： TiO2 nanorods,active facets,photocatalysis,oxygen defect,water splitting
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The role of GQDs additive in TiO2 nanorods as an electron transfer layer on performance improvement of the perovskite solar cells
摘要： The electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in improving the performance of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The main focus is on different types of TiO2 structures as an efficient ETL. In the present work, TiO2 nanorods (NRs) are prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method and employ as an ETL in PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the TiO2 NRs based PSCs is improved about 217% compared with the mesoporous (mp) TiO2 based cells. In order to further enhance PCE of the PSCs, a new approach is adopted to synthesize the graphene quantum dots- TiO2 NRs (GQDs- TiO2 NRs) by hydrothermal method. The PCE of PSCs based on GQDs- TiO2 NRs show improvement of 1.34 times compared to the TiO2 NRs. The GQDs- TiO2 NRs is capable of being a promising alternative to be employed as an efficient electron transport materials for photovoltaic devices.
关键词： TiO2 nanorods,Perovskite solar cells,Hydrothermal synthesis,Graphene quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Nonaqueous synthesis of TiO2 nanorods using inductively coupled plasma
摘要： Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods are widely used in many fields such as self-cleaning surfaces, photocatalytic lithography and pollutant control, owing to their outstanding physical, chemical and optical properties. Traditional methods for synthesizing TiO2 nanorods are mostly tedious with high cost and tremendous energy consumption. In this work, TiO2 nanorods with excellent optical, electrochemical, and hydrophilic properties were rapidly synthesized on titanium alloy (TC4) by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) with strong chemical reactivity and high temperature characteristic. XRD patterns and SEM images confirm the conversion of TC4 into rutile TiO2 nanorods after irradiated by ICP at 800 W for only one pass, and the nanorods tend to grow longitudinally under prolonged ICP processing. Moreover, the well-developed single-crystalline feature of TiO2 nanorod is affirmed by TEM test. To reveal the growth mechanism of TiO2 nanorods, three types of substrates (polished TC4 by electrochemical polishing (ECP), polished TA2 by ECP and oxidized TC4 by anodizing) were used to grow TiO2 nanorods. However, TiO2 nanorods with good morphology were only formed on the first type of substrate due to the existence of β phase Ti, which could suppress thermal transmission between grains. In addition, the results of UV–Vis absorption spectrum, electrochemical test, and static water contact angle of the treated TC4 samples show that TiO2 nanorods synthesized by ICP possess excellent optical, electrochemical, and hydrophilic properties.
关键词： Inductively coupled plasma,Hydrophilicity,Optical property,TiO2 nanorods,Thermal oxidation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22