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Ultrasensitive refractive index sensor based on parallel-connected dual Fabry-Perot interferometers with Vernier effect
摘要： A kind of ultrasensitive refractive index sensor based on parallel-connected dual Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) with Vernier effect is proposed and demonstrated. The open and closed cavity FPIs are used as the sensing and reference units, respectively. The Vernier effect is realized by superimposing the reflective comb spectra of the dual FPIs, which have slightly different free spectral ranges. The open groove of the open cavity FPI provides a convenient, efficient and economical method for filling in or draining out the cavity. The stability, repeatability and temperature response of the structures are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the proposed sensing structure features high sensitivity, good stability, quick and accurate measurement.
关键词： Refractive index sensing,Fabry-Perot interference,Vernier effect,Fiber-optic sensor
更新于2025-11-28 14:23:57
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Cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers with Vernier effect for gas pressure sensing
摘要： We propose a compact ultrasensitive gas pressure fiber sensor based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) with Vernier effect. Each MZI is composed of a hollow core fiber (HCF) sandwiched in between two short multimode fibers (MMF). The lengths of the HCFs in the two MZIs are set a little different in order to generate an envelope in the transmission spectrum of the cascaded structure for Vernier effect sensing. The HCF in one MZI is opened to make the air hole connect to the external environment and act as sensing element. The HCF in the other MZI is kept closed serving as reference element. The two MZIs have quite different responses to changes in gas pressure, but have almost the same response to temperature variation. Therefore, the Vernier effect occurs when the gas pressure changes, but not when the temperature varies. As a result, the proposed structure has an ultra-high gas pressure sensitivity with a quite low temperature cross-sensitivity. Experimental results show that the gas pressure sensitivity referring to the envelope of the proposed sensor is -73.32 nm/MPa in the range of 0 - 0.8 MPa, with a temperature cross-sensitivity of only 0.72 kPa/°C.
关键词： Vernier effect,gas pressure,Hollow core fiber,Mach-Zehnder interferometer
更新于2025-11-28 14:23:57
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Cascaded-Microrings Biosensors Fabricated on a Polymer Platform
摘要： Polymer-based single-microring biosensors usually have a small free spectral range (FSR) that hampers the tracing of the spectrum shifting in the measurement. A cascade of two microring resonators based on the Vernier effect, is applied in this article in order to make up for this defect. A small FSR difference between the reference microring and the sensing microring is designed, in order to superpose the periodic envelope signal onto the constituent peaks, which makes it possible to continuously track the spectrum of the sensor. The optical polymer material, Ormocore, which has a large transparent window, is used in the fabrication. The biosensor is fabricated by using an UV-based soft imprint technique, which is considered to be cost-effective and suitable for mass production. By optimizing the volume ratio of Ormocore and the maT thinner, the device can be fabricated almost without a residual layer. The device works at a wavelength of 840 nm, where water absorption loss is much lower than at the infrared wavelengths. A two-step fitting method, including single-peak fitting and whole-envelope fitting, is applied in order to trace the spectral shift accurately. Finally, the two-cascaded-microrings biosensor is characterized, and the obtained FSR is 4.6 nm, which is 16 times larger than the FSR of the single microring biosensor demonstrated in our previous work. Moreover, the sensitivity can also be amplified by 16-fold, thanks to the Vernier effect.
关键词： Vernier effect,polymer waveguide,microring biosensor,nanoimprint
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Sensitivity amplification of bubble-based all-silica fiber liquid-pressure sensor by using femtosecond laser exposure
摘要： We proposed an efficient and universal sensitivity amplification method for most kinds of sensors based on fiber in-line two-beam Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) by using the femtosecond laser exposure. As an example of two beam FPI, a liquid-pressure sensor based on a micro-bubble at the end of the single mode fiber (SMF) was fabricated. To improve the sensitivity, a third refection mirror in SMF near the bubble at a certain distance was fabricated by using femtosecond laser exposure. As a result, the Vernier effect is generated, which improves the pressure sensitivity from ?0.414 nm/MPa to ?3.973 nm/MPa. Besides, the synchronous measurement of liquid-pressure and temperature can be achieved by monitoring the interference peak and the Vernier envelope at the same time.
关键词： Vernier effect,Femtosecond laser,Liquid-pressure,Sensitivity amplification
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - New mechanism Vernier Effect to amplify the sensitivity based on separated Fabry-perot interferometers
摘要： A new method to amplify the sensitivity based on separated Fabry-perot interferometers (FPI) causing Vernier effect is presented and discussed. The spectrum of typical cascaded cavity based on Vernier effect is analyzed and simulated. We also propose a novel structure to realize Vernier effect to amplify sensitivity, using two separated FPI. The simulation shows that the disturbance term in the spectrum is eliminated, and sensitivity is the same as cascaded cavities’.
关键词： Fabry-perot interferometer,Vernier effect
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Highly sensitive refractive index sensor with fiber in-line Fabry-Perot interferometers based on vernier effect
摘要： A highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor with fiber in-line Fabry-Perot interferometers based on vernier effect is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor is fabricated by splicing a short segment of capillary to a commercial single mode fiber (SMF) and then splicing a tiny large mode area fiber to the capillary. There are two micro-channels in the lateral wall of the tube. The sensor exhibits a compact size of less than 1 mm in total length and has the highest RI sensitivity of ~10189.2 nm/RIU within the range of 1.32846 to 1.33327.
关键词： Fabry-Perot interferometer,Optical fiber refractive index sensor,vernier effect
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Parallel Double-FPIs Temperature Sensor Based on Suspended-Core Microstructured Optical Fiber
摘要： A configuration based on a parallel double Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is experimentally demonstrated to enhance temperature sensitivity by Vernier-effect. Two separated FPIs constructed by suspended-core microstructured optical fiber (SCMF) are connected by a 3-dB coupler to form a parallel structure. FPI-2 is used for temperature sensing, while FPI-1 as a reference. With the temperature increasing from 40 oC to 220 oC, both the fine interference fringes and envelope have a linear redshift. This parallel double-FPIs configuration shows an enhanced temperature sensitivity of 153.8 pm/oC with an amplification factor M = 14.6. Moreover, since the free reference FPI-1 is away from the temperature sensing environment, this simple and novel parallel double-FPIs configuration provides good reversibility and stability during the heating and cooling processes.
关键词： suspended-core microstructured optical fiber,Vernier-effect,parallel structure,temperature sensing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - High-Sensitive All-Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Gas Refractive Index Sensor Based on Lateral offset Splicing and Vernier Effect
摘要： Abstract—A high-sensitivity all-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) gas refractive index (RI) sensor based on lateral offset splicing and Vernier Effect is proposed. The sensing head consist of a reference FPI and a sensing FPI. A reference FPI and the sensing FPI is connected by two circulators. The sensing FPI is an open cavity made by lateral offset splicing of single mode fibers (SMFs), and the reference FPI is spliced by SMF and fiber tube. The Cascaded double-cavity produces a Vernier Effect and improves the sensitivity of gas RI. Experimental results show that the sensor has a high gas RI sensitivity of 16335.96 nm/RIU. The sensor has broad application prospects in gas composition detection, environmental monitoring, biosensors and other fields.
关键词： Fabry-Perot Interferometer,Fiber Optics Sensors,Vernier Effect,Gas Refractive Index Measurement
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Sensitivity-enhanced refractive index sensor based on series structure of two microfiber knot resonators with Vernier effect
摘要： This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a sensor for sensitivity-enhanced refractive index (RI) sensing based on Vernier effect. The Vernier effect achieved by connecting two microfiber knot resonators (MKRs) in series. The sensing principles and spectrum of the structure are studied theoretically and then verified experimentally. The results exhibit that the RI sensor has high sensitivity up to 3301.76 nm/RIU and it is detection resolution is 6.057×10?6 RIU. That is because the microfiber has high proportional evanescent field and Vernier effect multiplies the spectrum of individual MKR. The proposed series structure of two MKRs with high sensitivity, easy fabrication and low cost can be extensively applied to physical, chemical and biological signal detection.
关键词： series structure,microfiber knot resonators,Vernier effect,sensitivity-enhanced,refractive index sensing,easy fabrication
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Interferometers with Vernier Effect for Gas Pressure Measurement
摘要： A sensitivity enhanced gas pressure sensor with Vernier effect is proposed in this paper. The sensor is a cascade configuration which two Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPIs) with different free spectrum range (FSR). Each Fabry–Pérot interferometer is fabricated by inserting a piece of hollow core fiber (HCF) in between two sections of single mode fiber (SMF). Femtosecond laser is applied for drilling an opening on the HCF of sensing FPI to make the air hole interact with outside environment, while the air hole of the reference FPI is kept closed. Gas pressure response is measured by monitoring the wavelength shift of the envelope extracted from the superimposed spectrum of the cascaded FPIs. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the cascade configuration can attain -65.482nm/MPa, which is -13 times of single sensing FPI.
关键词： Vernier effect,Fabry–Pérot interferometer,gas pressure
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52