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X-Ray Analysis of Cadmium Oxide Nanostructured Films Synthesized with Different Precursor Molarities by Silar Method
摘要： Nanostructured cadmium oxide thin films have been synthesized onto suitably cleaned glass substrates by SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) method. X-ray diffraction study confirms the formation of nanocrystalline cubic phase of cadmium oxide in the films. Lattice constant is determined using Nelson Riley plots. Using X-ray broadening, crystallite sizes, lattice strain, stress and energy density were studied by using Williamson-Hall method and modified Williamson-Hall method. From literature review, it is seen that a number of researchers have applied these two methods for structural characterization of thin films of different nanocrystals, but till now modified Williamson-Hall method has not been used for CdO nanocrystals. Hence, we have used these methods for structural characterization of deposited CdO thin films. The ultra-high resolution transmission electron microscopic (UHRTEM) study shows that the shape of the particles is nearly spherical and the average particle size agrees well with the result obtained from X-ray diffraction study. Selected area electron diffraction patterns have also supported the formation of cubic phase of cadmium oxide.
关键词： Nelson-Riley plot,Cadmium oxide thin films,Williamson-Hall plot,Size-strain plot
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Indium sulfide based metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet-visible photodetector
摘要： In recent years, the photodetectors gained much attention due to their wide range of applications in industry, military, space and biological fields. In this work, the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector was fabricated using In2S3 thin films with Al interdigitated electrodes. The In2S3 thin films were prepared by co-evaporation technique with various thicknesses in the range 130–700 nm at a constant substrate temperature of 350 ?C. The structural, morphological, compositional, optical and electrical properties of In2S3 thin films were studied as a function of thickness. The energy band gap of films is found to be in the range 2.53–2.71 eV. I–V characteristics and photo response of photodetectors were recorded under UV and visible light illumination. The parameters of a photodetector such as photo sensitivity, responsivity and detectivity were calculated. The observed photo responsivity increases with increase of film thickness. The photo response of all photodetectors confirmed the stable and reproducible characteristics such as photo sensitivity, responsivity and detectivity.
关键词： Williamson-Hall plot,Co-evaporation,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Ultraviolet-visible photodetector,Indium sulfide thin films
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation of structural, optical and electrical properties of transition metal oxide semiconductor CdO ZnO nanocomposite and its effective role in the removal of water contaminants
摘要： In this technological era as the usage and development of technology is on the rise we encounter serious repercussions of pollutions in both drinking and daily usage of water. Nanocomposite of Cadmium Oxide and Zinc Oxide (CdO-ZnO) has the property of alienating the pollutants from the water. A conventional hydrothermal method was adapted for the preparation of nanocomposite of CdO-ZnO from their respective metal acetate dihydrates and NaOH. Structural and morphological analysis by electron beam diffraction technique reveals the formation of unique nanorod with spherical morphology of the synthesized particle. Williamson-Hall method was used to find the crystallite size and the lattice strain. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further confirmed the stretching and vibration of chemical bonds of the materials. The study of electronic transitions within the material was portrayed with UV-Vis absorption spectrum and the obtained energy gap is 3.99 eV. A thorough investigation of temperature dependent electrical properties of CdO-ZnO nanocomposite was carried out in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz. Studies revealed that the composite material is responsible for higher photocatalytic performance under the irradiation of UV photon. The high photocatalytic activity was originated from superoxide O2? radicals due to the efficient trapping of photogenerated electrons in CdO by ZnO.
关键词： Zinc Oxide,Williamson-Hall method,Photocatalytic Activity,Cadmium Oxide,Electron Beam Diffraction
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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X-ray Diffraction Line Profile Analysis of Undoped and Se-Doped SnS Thin Films Using Scherrer’s, Williamson–Hall and Size–Strain Plot Methods
摘要： An electrochemical route has been employed to prepare undoped and Se-doped SnS thin films. Six samples including undoped and Se-doped SnS thin films were deposited on the fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate. An aqueous solution containing 2 mM SnCl2 and 16 mM Na2S2O3 was used in the electrolyte. Different Se-doped SnS samples were prepared by adding the various amounts of 4 mM SeO2 solution into the electrolyte. The applied potential (E), time of deposition process (t), pH, and bath temperature (T) were kept at -1 V, 30 min, 2.1, and 60°C, respectively. After the completion of the deposition process, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to characterize the deposited thin films. XRD patterns clearly showed that the synthesized undoped and Se-doped SnS thin films were crystallized in the orthorhombic structure. Using Scherrer’s method, the crystallite size of deposited thin films is calculated. In addition, the crystallite size and lattice strain have been estimated using the modified form of the Williamson–Hall (W–H) method containing a uniform deformation model, a uniform deformation stress model, a uniform deformation energy density model, and by the size–strain plot method (SSP). The shape of SnS crystals was spherical in TEM images. The results showed that there was a good agreement in the particle size obtained from the W–H method and the SSP method with TEM images.
关键词： thin films,Se-doped SnS,size–strain plot method,Line profile analysis,Williamson–Hall method
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Direct nanocrystallite size investigation in microstrained mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles by PCA of Raman spectra
摘要： Mixed phase anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (30-67 % R/A) have been synthesized by single step laser pyrolysis. Parallel studies by XRD and Raman spectroscopy suggested possible deforming microstress inside certain samples, due to boundary interactions between neighbouring nanocrystallites in nanoparticles, phase instabilities and/or O/C contents. Microstress in nanoparticles supports anatase phase stability in competition with rutile phase. Williamson-Hall plot was used to evaluate crystallite size and strain. A tensile global microstrain in anatase crystallites, was observed for elevated C content titania nanoparticles, together with compressive microstrain in crystallites within O deficient TiO2 nanoparticles. XPS and TEM characterization opens insights into the processes behind this type of behaviour. Principal Component Analysis of Raman spectra was applied for batch auto-characterization of mixed phase nanoparticles, with emphasis upon the method ability to simultaneously appreciate crystallite size for both anatase and rutile phase. The method focuses on covariational matrix of multiple samples Raman spectra. It provides results in good agreement with XRD calculated crystallite dimensions for unstrained titania, while for samples with microstrains it returns the size closer to the one predicted by Williamson-Hall plot.
关键词： Microstrain,Anatase,Principal Component Analysis (PCA),Raman Spectroscopy,Williamson-Hall,Rutile,TiO2 nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46