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Bifunctional Ytterbium (III) Chloride Driven Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Stable α‐CsPbI <sub/>3</sub> for High‐Efficiency Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 has been studied as a promising alternative light-absorbing material for photovoltaic application due to its suitable band gap for converting solar light and enhanced stability toward ambient conditions compared to the organic–inorganic halide perovskite. However, the photoactive α-phase of CsPbI3 can only be stabilized at a high temperature and the phase transition from α-phase to δ-phase easily occurs at room temperature. Herein, ytterbium (III) chloride (YbCl3) as a bifunctional additive is introduced into the perovskite precursor to stabilize the black α-phase, and high-quality CsPbI3 films are obtained at a temperature as low as 80 °C. Yb3+ partly replaces Pb2+ to enhance the tolerance factor and favors the formation of α-phase. The Lewis adduct complex of YbCl3·DMSO in the perovskite film can passivate the perovskite film with reduced defects and help enhance the stability of the α-phase. The YbCl3-modified planar-type α-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells show a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.4% with an impressive stability at ambient conditions. The additive induced controlled crystallization provides a simple and promising way to improve the photovoltaic performance of inorganic perovskite solar cells.
关键词： CsPbI3,inorganic perovskite,solar cells,ytterbium (III) chloride
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Tunable Near 3-μm Difference Frequency Generation using Ytterbium and Broadband Seed Erbium Fiber Lasers
摘要： The absorption peaks corresponding to vibrational energy levels of various molecules are located in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range. For instance, the interatomic bonding of hydrogen and another heavier element (e.g. C-H, O-H, N-H) that is a part of some organic and inorganic molecules is characterized by the absorption peak located near 3μm wavelength. Laser sources operating at this wavelength can be useful tools for medical applications, non-metallic materials processing, and spectroscopy [1]. The study of the interaction of various organic substances with mid-IR radiation is rather challenging because of their great diversity and chemical composition complexity. An application of the laser source with high output power and tunable wavelength can significantly facilitate possible investigation problems [2,3]. This research is devoted to the elaboration of the tunable laser source of mid-IR radiation using single pass difference frequency generation of the pump (1.03 μm) and seed (1.55 μm) radiation in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal (see Fig.1 (a)). Pulsed ytterbium and erbium fiber lasers were used as the pump and seed radiation sources respectively. Both of them were assembled basing on a MOPA optical scheme, pulse duration was about 2 ns and repetition rate was 3 MHz. The average output power of Yb-laser was up to 50 W, which is five times higher than the maximum power of Er laser source. The wavelength corresponding to the difference frequency generation for these fiber lasers lies in the 3 μm region. The spectrum of the seed radiation was considerably broadened in the delivery fiber due to the four-wave mixing and Raman scattering. So that, it was possible to obtain the seed radiation in the spectral range from 1.55 m to 1.60 μm. The selective parametric amplification region of seed radiation can be shifted by changing PPLN temperature, as a result, the idler radiation wavelength tuning was achieved. We obtained the idler tuning in 2.9–3.1 μm wavelength range by changing the PPLN temperature from 45 °C to 110 °C. This tuning range was restricted by the spectral width of the Er-laser radiation. The idler radiation power varied from 5.5 W to 8.0 W in the whole tuning range (see Fig.1 (b)). The conversion efficiency reached 15% in respect to the Yb-laser power. As we were not able to measure directly the mid-IR radiation spectrum but it was derived using the experimentally measured spectrum of the amplified seed radiation. Normalized calculation results are shown in Fig.1 (c). The spectral width of the output mid-IR radiation reached 20-30 nm (at a 3 dB FWHM level).
关键词： tunable laser source,mid-infrared,difference frequency generation,PPLN crystal,erbium fiber laser,ytterbium fiber laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of capacitance on ZnO-Bi2O3-Yb2O3 based varistor for nanosecond transients; 电容对毫微秒瞬变用 ZnO-Bi2O3-Yb2O3 基压敏电阻的影响;
摘要： The microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-Bi2O3-Yb2O3 based varistor ceramics were investigated with various temperature effects from 900 °C to 1050 °C. From the results, it was observed that the increase of sintering temperature offers a reduced capacitive effect from 0.460 nF to 0.321 nF. Furthermore, the grain sizes of varistors were varied from 6.8 μm to 9.8 μm. The consequence of such smaller grain sizes provided a better voltage gradient of about 895 V/mm for the disc sintered at 900 °C and fallen drastically to 410 V/mm for the sample sintered at 1050 °C. In addition, there was an increase of non-linearity index to a maximum value of 36.0 and reduced leakage current of 0.026 mA/cm2. However, the density of the varistor decreased with an increase of temperature from 5.41 g/cm3 to 5.24 g/cm3. With this base, the influence of varistor capacitance and high voltage gradient were scrutinized and it led an improved transition speed of the varistor assembly from non-conduction to conduction mode during intruding nanosecond transients.
关键词： nanosecond transient,rare earth oxide,metal oxide varistor,transition delay,capacitance,ytterbium oxide
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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CaTiO3:Er3+:Yb3+ Upconversion from 980 nm and 1550 nm Excitation and its Potential as Cells Luminescent Probes
摘要： CaTiO3:xEr3+:yYb3+ (x = 0.3mol%; y = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol%) was synthesized by the sol-gel process. Crystal phase purity, crystallite sizes and microstrain were evaluated as a function of rare earths concentration through XRD and SEM techniques. Upconversion (UC) spectra were recorded at 300 K under excitation at 980 nm and 1550 nm. The samples showed higher intensity of green emission assigned to the upconversion phenomena compared to the red one, when excited at 980 nm and the opposite was observed when excitation was performed at 1550 nm. The nanoparticles CaTiO3:Er3+:Yb3+ were successfully applied as animals cells cytoplasm staining luminescent probes, with low cytotoxic effect being observed. Er3+ emission at 1550 nm was also proposed for in vitro or in vivo optical imaging analysis in the so-called second window (1350 - 2300 nm).
关键词： ytterbium,calcium titanate,erbium,fluorescent cell dyeing,upconversion
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Optical Frequency Measurements at 1×10?18 Uncertainty with Ytterbium Optical Lattice Clocks
摘要： We describe ytterbium optical lattice clocks under development at NIST. This includes the characterization of optical frequency stability and uncertainty, as well as measurements between two independent clocks, at the 10-18 level. We also report on optical frequency ratio measurements with other optical clocks at NIST.
关键词： precision frequency,optical lattice,optical standard,ytterbium,frequency measurement,uncertainty,optical ratio,optical clock
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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High-efficiency, high-gain, all-fibered double-pass configuration for low-duty-cycle temporally shaped nanosecond pulse amplification
摘要： A high-gain fiber amplifier at 1053 nm with a double-pass configuration is proposed. Compared to the Faraday-based double-pass structures, the pump efficiency is almost doubled, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is improved as well. The effects of fiber length and the insertion loss of elements between two passes on the efficiency are studied experimentally, which is meaningful for the optimization of double-pass amplifiers. Using the fibered polarized beam splitters allow for the orthogonal propagation of forward and the backward signals on the same polarization-maintaining fiber, the polarization mode dispersion in the amplifier is hence totally avoided. With this structure, over 50-dB gain is obtained at pump power of 800 mW for a 1053-nm, 1-Hz nanosecond pulse.
关键词： Laser amplifiers,Ytterbium,Lasers,Polarization-maintaining,Fibers
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Distribution of Yb <sup>3+</sup> and Yb <sup>2+</sup> Ions along YbF <sub/>3</sub> -Doped BaF <sub/>2</sub> Crystals
摘要： BaF2 crystals doped with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mol% YbF3 are grown using vertical Bridgman method. Transparent crystals, (cid:2)5–6 cm in length, (cid:2)10 mm in diameter, are obtained in vacuum using a shaped graphite furnace. The absorption spectra reveal the characteristic absorption bands of the Yb3+and Yb2+ ions in the as-grown crystals. The distribution of ytterbium ions along the crystals and the e?ective segregation coe?cient of the Yb3+ and Yb2+ ions in the BaF2 host are determined by using the optical absorption method. The crystals are cleaved from the bottom to the top into 10–17 slices of (cid:2)2 mm thickness. The optical absorption spectrum of every slice is recorded. The dopant distribution along the crystal is estimated studying the absorption spectrum of every slice. Two well-shaped and strong characteristic bands, 968 nm and 352 nm, respectively, are chosen. The Yb3+ and Yb2+ ions are not uniformly distributed along the BaF2 crystals. The calculated e?ective segregation coe?cients of the Yb3+ range from 0.7 to 0.84 and from 0.66 to 0.82 for Yb2+ ions.
关键词： segregation coefficient,ytterbium ions,optical properties,barium fluoride crystals
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Introduction of 12 Cores Optical Amplifiers in Optical Transport Network: Performance Study and Economic Impact
摘要： We investigate the techno-economic impact of the introduction of 12-core Multicore Erbium-Ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers (MC-EYDFA) in optical transport networks. We evaluate the CAPEX gain involved by their utilization as line amplifiers and the energy consumption reduction induced by the pump sharing between the 12 cores. We also evaluate the impact of the inter-core crosstalk in the MC-EYDFA on the quality of transmission through the use of the Gaussian noise model.
关键词： techno-economical study,multicore erbium-ytterbium fiber-doped amplifier (MC-EYDFA),Gaussian noise model,inter-core crosstalk
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Near-infrared excited cooperative upconversion in luminescent Ytterbium(ΙΙΙ) bioprobes as light-responsive theranostic agents
摘要： Near-infrared (NIR) Ytterbium(III) complexes namely [Yb(dpq)(DMF)2Cl3] (1), [Yb(dppz)(DMF)2Cl3] (2), [Yb(dpq)(ttfa)3] (3) and [Yb(dppz)(ttfa)3] (4) based on photosensitizing antenna: dipyrido-[3,2-d:2’,3’-f]-quinoxaline (dpq), dipyrido-[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]-phenazine (dppz) and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (Httfa), were designed as NIR bioimaging agents utilizing cooperative upconversion luminescence (CUCL) of Yb(III). Their structures, detailed photophysical properties, biological interactions, photo-induced DNA cleavage, NIR photocytotoxicity and cellular internalization and bioimaging properties were examined. Discrete mononuclear complexes adopt a seven-coordinated {LnN2O2Cl3} mono-capped octahedron (1, 2) and eight-coordinated {LnN2O6} distorted square antiprism geometry (3, 4) with bidentate N, N-donor dpq, dppz and O,O-donor ttfa ligands. The designed Yb(III) probes (3, 4) having advantages of dual sensitizing antennae (dpq/dppz and Httfa) to modulate the desirable optical properties in NIR region for bioimaging in biologically transparent window and light-responsive intracellular damage with spatiotemporal control. The lack of inner-sphere water (q = 0), remarkable photostability, large Stokes’ shifts, presence of energetically rightly poised ligand 3T states allows efficient energy transfer (ET) to the emissive 2F5/2 state of Yb(III). The unique cooperative upconversion luminescence (CUCL) of Yb(III) was observed in 1-4 in the visible blue region (λem = 490 nm) upon NIR excitation at 980 nm, makes them special candidates for NIR-to-visible or NIR-to-NIR cellular imaging probes. The CUCL property of Yb(III) were observed in the discrete mononuclear complexes both in solid state and solution. We elegantly utilized this remarkable property of Yb(III) for cellular imaging application for the first time to the our knowledge including potential uses in CUC/multiphoton excitation microscopy. The complexes exhibit significant binding propensity to DNA, HSA and BSA (K ~ 105 M-1). They effectively cleave supercoiled (SC) DNA to its nicked circular (NC) form at 365 nm via photoredox pathways. The cellular uptake studies evidently displayed cytosolic and nuclear localization of the complexes. Finally, the capability of Yb(III) complexes usage for PDT were demonstrated through significant near-IR photocytotoxicity at 980 nm CW laser. The results depicted here offers an intelligent strategy towards developing light-responsive highly photostable Yb(III) probes for NIR theranostic application in the biologically transparent phototherapeutic window.
关键词： Cooperative upconversion luminescence,NIR photocytotoxicity,NIR cellular imaging,Phototherapeutic,NIR excitation,Ytterbium
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Ytterbium, You are Cool Enough to Go under the Quantum Gas Microscope!
摘要： Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a novel technique for imaging alkaline-earth atoms using a quantum gas microscope. Ytterbium (Yb) plays an important role in the Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) physics community because its optical properties are well suited for various applications. The Yb ion is popular as a doping material for fiber lasers and amplifiers. Narrow optical transitions in Yb atoms have been used in optical lattice clock experiments to attain the best performance for optical frequency standards. Now, Shibata et al. claim that a quantum gas of Yb atoms can be studied using a microscope to solve the mystery of strongly correlated gases.
关键词： strongly correlated gases,alkaline-earth atoms,quantum gas microscope,optical lattice,Ytterbium
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14