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The effects of chemical treatment on ITO properties and performance of OLED devices
摘要： In this work, chemical treatment was performed on the surfaces of two types of indium tin oxides (ITOs) with different physical properties. The effects of the chemical treatment on the physical parameters of the ITOs, and on the efficiency of the organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated on the ITOs, were then examined. The ITO substrates were characterized via X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, optical absorption, and electrical resistance measurement. The results showed that the chemical treatment exerted no significant changes on the structure and transparency of the wavelength of the light emitted from Alq3; however, the treatment improved the morphology and resistance of the ITOs examined. To serve the research purpose, the ITOs were first characterized, and then, the OLEDs were fabricated so that they would have a structure of Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Alq3/Al. The OLEDs were characterized current density, resistance, power, and irradiance as a function of the voltages. The results of the study showed decreases in the turn-on voltage (from 5.5 to 4 V for one of the OLEDs and 7 to 6 V for the other), resistance and power (for one of the ITOs), and irradiance (for one of the ITOs) due to the chemical treatment.
关键词： Chemical treatment,Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs),ITO
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High Performance Flexible Transparent Electrode via Onea??Step Multifunctional Treatment for Ag Nanonetwork Composites Semia??Embedded in Lowa??Temperaturea??Processed Substrate for Highly Performed Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： For ideal flexible transparent electrodes, the features of good electrical/optical properties, low surface roughness, efficient charge transportation, robust electrical stability under simultaneously continuous operation bias, and mechanical bending are critical. Herein, a flexible transparent electrode fulfilling all these features is demonstrated by silver (Ag) nanonetwork composites semi-embedded in low-temperature-processed colorless polyimide (cPI), which shows a figure of merit over 1000 (5.4 Ω sq?1 sheet resistance and >94% diffused transmission at 550 nm wavelength), extremely smooth topography (<1 nm root-mean-square roughness and <3 nm peak-to-valley roughness), remarkable bending stability under continuous operation bias, and increased work function favoring the band alignment with typical charge transport layers for efficient devices. These characteristics are attributed to one-step multifunctional chemical treatment on the composite of Ag nanowires and an example polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The strategic one-step process simultaneously offers selective welding at nanowires cross junctions to form an Ag nanonetwork, and removing polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant from Ag nanowires and PSS from PEDOT:PSS. The flexible electrode also favors the residue-free cPI transfer for applications. Flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) made from the electrode achieve an averaged power conversion efficiency of 14.46% (best, 15.12%), which is the best flexible OSCs reported so far.
关键词： low-temperature substrates,silver nanonetworks,organic solar cells,chemical treatment,flexible transparent electrodes
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Comparative evaluation of novel thermo-chemical treatment methods for improved impact performance of laminated glass
摘要： The thermal and chemical treatment used for glass is not applicable for the laminated glass due to the presence of interlayer having lower melting temperature than the minimum required temperature for the conventional treatment of glass. The present work reports four specialized treatment methods for laminated glass treatment. The effectiveness of the four novel laminated glass treatment methods is evaluated for an impact response of laminated glass. The destructive ball drop testing was performed following EN 356 on laminated glass samples after treating them with each of the four treatment methods. The treatment methods are compared based on the fracture pattern (correlated to the post-fracture response), fragment size, and amount of damage due to the impact by 2.3 kg, 83 mm diameter smooth solid steel ball from the height of 5 m. A multi-purpose algorithm (transient analysis in ANSYS 14.5 (explicit dynamics module)) was utilized for the determination of the maximum deformation and maximum equivalent stress. The regression analysis is conducted for the validation of experimental results. The impact behavior of thermo-chemically treated laminated glass samples was found to be significantly better than the untreated laminated glass samples in the most cases as the impurities/defects were reduced and strength of the laminated glass samples was increased by the treatment. These treatment methods can be customized later for the laminated glass structures and windshields during operating conditions, which would be a significant contribution to this field.
关键词： polyvinyl butyral,finite element method,laminated glass,Impact strength,thermo-chemical treatment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46