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PV-pumped energy storage option for convalescing performance of hydroelectric station under declining precipitation trend
摘要： The precipitation trend is critically important for functioning of hydroelectric power stations and development of irrigation sector. Studies indicate that freshwater availability in many river basins in India is likely to decrease due to climate change. Despite having promising hydro potential in north-eastern (N-E) region of India, decline in rainfall in the region causes paucity of water in various hydro power plants' reservoirs. Many units of hydroelectric projects are being kept off and as a result, generation comes down to a large extent. As a partial solution to the problem, many such small hydroelectric projects' may be revived by integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) powered pumped storage unit as there is synergy of solar energy with irrigation water pumping and hydro power station. The present study aims to looking at reliable, continuous and cost-competitive power supply option. The study has been conceived with the lone hydroelectric power station of Tripura (one of the N-E states of India) which practically remains inoperative as water is hardly available at the end of the year and before next monsoon. Results substantiate that PV powered pumped storage is a viable option for restoring the steady annual performance of the hydroelectric plant.
关键词： PV power generation,Pumped storage,Generation mix,Hydro power generation,Climate change
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Intrusion of the Kuroshio Into Northeast of Taiwan
摘要： The Kuroshio intrudes westward and modulates the water masses in the South China Sea and continental shelf of East China Sea. There are two hot spots of Kuroshio intrusion; one is in the Luzon Strait and the other is in the waters off northeast Taiwan. It is noted that Kuroshio intrusion occurred synchronously when the upstream Kuroshio weakens during winter. This study attempts to identify the variability of the Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan associated with climate factors. The sea surface temperature (SST) front gradient magnitudes, used as the Kuroshio intrusion index, revealed that Kuroshio intrusion in northeast of Taiwan was gradually decreased, which was corresponding to the change of Kuroshio current velocity.
关键词： SST front,Kuroshio,climate change
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - A Novel Effective Chlorophyll Indicator for Forest Monitoring Using Worldview-3 Multispectral Reflectance
摘要： This paper explores the feasibility of deriving multispectral-based effective chlorophyll indicators (MECIs) for foliage chlorophyll concentration (CHLS) estimation. An average fusion method was applied to simulate the multispectral reflectance of the WorldView-3 sensor using hyperspectral data. With the experimental data of CHLS and predictors derived from multispectral reflectance, a series of linear regression analyses were carried out to derive appropriate models for CHLS estimation. Accuracy measures of RMSE and PRMSE were used to evaluate the model performance. Results showed that the coastal-band based MECI (MECIc) and the blue-band based MECI (MECIb) were able to achieve an RMSE of 0.5657 mg/g and 0.5943 mg/g as well as a PRMSE of 36% and 38% respectively. Using the Red edge and Yellow reflectance based NDVI (NDVIREY) as a predictor, the model can reduce uncertainty and achieve an estimation of 0.4089 mg/g and 26% for RMSE and PRMSE respectively. The prediction error made by the CHLS-NDVIREY model and the CHLS-MECI model were 11% and 60% larger than 0.38 mg/g the RMSE of hyperspectral-based CHLS-ECI model. In summary, NDVIREY was able to achieve a better prediction at around a level of 75% accuracy (1-PRMSE) and therefore is able to be an effective indicator of CHLS for forest monitoring.
关键词： climate change,hyperspectral remote sensing,Chlorophyll indicator,multispectral remote sensing,forest health
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Advances in Microclimate Ecology Arising from Remote Sensing
摘要： Microclimates at the land–air interface affect the physiological functioning of organisms which, in turn, influences the structure, composition, and functioning of ecosystems. We review how remote sensing technologies that deliver detailed data about the structure and thermal composition of environments are improving the assessment of microclimate over space and time. Mapping landscape-level heterogeneity of microclimate advances our ability to study how organisms respond to climate variation, which has important implications for understanding climate-change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems. Interpolating microclimate measurements and downscaling macroclimate provides an organism-centered perspective for studying climate–species interactions and species distribution dynamics. We envisage that mapping of microclimate will soon become commonplace, enabling more reliable predictions of species and ecosystem responses to global change.
关键词： microclimate,ecology,vegetation structure,climate change,remote sensing,biodiversity,thermal imaging,LiDAR
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Proximal remote sensing of tree physiology at northern treeline: Do late-season changes in the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) respond to climate or photoperiod?
摘要： Relatively little is known of how the world's largest vegetation transition zone – the Forest Tundra Ecotone (FTE) – is responding to climate change. Newly available, satellite-derived time-series of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) across North America and Europe could provide new insights into the physiological response of evergreen trees to climate change by tracking changes in foliar pigment pools that have been linked to photosynthetic phenology. However, before implementing these data for such purpose at these evergreen dominated systems, it is important to increase our understanding of the fine scale mechanisms driving the connection between PRI and environmental conditions. The goal of this study is thus to gain a more mechanistic understanding of which environmental factors drive changes in PRI during late-season phenological transitions at the FTE – including factors that are susceptible to climate change (i.e., air- and soil-temperatures), and those that are not (photoperiod). We hypothesized that late-season phenological changes in foliar pigment pools captured by PRI are largely driven by photoperiod as opposed to less predictable drivers such as air temperature, complicating the utility of PRI time-series for understanding climate change effects on the FTE. Ground-based, time-series of PRI were acquired from individual trees in combination with meteorological variables and photoperiod information at six FTE sites in Alaska. A linear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to determine the significance (α = 0.001) and effect size (i.e., standardized slope b*) of environmental factors on late-seasonal changes in the PRI signal. Our results indicate that photoperiod had the strongest, significant effect on late-season changes in PRI (b* = 0.08, p < 0.001), but environmental variables susceptible to climate change were also significant (i.e., daily mean solar radiation (b* = ?0.03, p < 0.001) and daily mean soil temperature (b* = 0.02, p < 0.001)). These results suggest that interpreting PRI time-series of late-season phenological transitions may indeed facilitate our understanding of how northern treeline responds to climate change.
关键词： PRI,Climate change,Photoperiod,Photosynthetic phenology,MODIS,Solar radiation,Northern treeline,Forest Tundra Ecotone
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Fight Climate Change (Global Warming) With Solar + Multi-Storage Resilient Smart Home/Building And Ensure Security & Safety While Saving Thousands
摘要： Using industrial IoT smart devices for home/building automation, energy usage monitoring & control and sky-camera with local satellite/radar imaging for weather forecasting we achieved a smart energy management system that can control and balance the home/building energy ecosystem and reduce the carbon footprint by 92%. Grid-buy electricity from the utility was reduced from 14.5MWh/year costing $4,754/year to 1.2MWh/year costing $371/year for a return on investment of <3.1 years. Using multiple renewable energy storage techniques (battery, hot and cold thermal storage) we reduced the overnight energy usage from 70% to 25% which was satisfied by battery and thermal storage device discharge. We achieved Island Nano-Grid and 100% renewable clean energy for resilience, security, safety and savings.
关键词： resilience and multi-storage,climate change,home automation,IoT devices,smart devices,island nano-grid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Illuminating homes with LEDs in India: Rapid market creation towards low-carbon technology transition in a developing country
摘要： Near-term climate change mitigation calls for technological innovation and widespread implementation of appropriate technologies. This is salient in emerging economies, where impending socio-economic and infrastructural transitions hold immense potential for locking-in low-carbon development pathways. Yet, little is understood about how developing countries can scale appropriate technology transitions, given their often underdeveloped technological innovation capabilities and supporting infrastructures and finances. This paper examines a recent, rapid, and ongoing transition of India's lighting market to light emitting diode (LED) technology, from a negligible market share to LEDs becoming the dominant lighting products within five years, despite the country's otherwise limited visibility in the global solid-state lighting industry. Annual sales of LED bulbs grew more than 130 times to over 650 million bulbs between 2014–2018, with over 30 billion kWh of estimated annual energy savings. Focusing on this striking story of technology transition, this paper analyzes India's LED uptake using semi-structured interviews and drawing on the technology innovation systems literature. The results show that the success of transition coexists with its share of shortfalls, and that there is an important tension between the lowering of upfront costs of low-carbon technologies and the efforts to enhance domestic technological capabilities. The paper discusses the results for the Indian LED case and emphasizes the importance of consistent strategic action taking into account all (and not limited) parts of the technology innovation system, while also providing insights on how mitigation technologies can be developed and deployed in developing countries.
关键词： Technology innovation systems,Light emitting diode (LED),Developing countries,India,Solid state lighting,Climate change mitigation,Energy efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Anthocyanin synthesis and light utilisation can be enhanced by reflective mulch – visualisation of light penetration into a tree canopy
摘要： With the increasing use of hailnets and decrease in light availability in the ripening period of apple fruit, insufficient light exposure often causes poor colouration viz anthocyanin synthesis on certain parts of the fruit and on certain fruit within the tree. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of improving anthocyanin synthesis, in terms of fruit colouration, the major incentive for a consumer. Therefore, the reflective ground cover Lumilys? was spread between ‘Braeburn Mariri Red’ apple rows under a crystalline hailnet seven weeks prior to harvest and colour measured on 240 attached apple fruit. The reflective ground cover increased the reflected light by 1.6 to 3.9 times 1.0 m above ground. The improved light utilization led to an improved peel colouration, especially on the shaded side of the apple fruit and fruit in the lower inner part of the canopy, A coloured visualization from orange (high light intensity), yellow (medium) to green (low light intensity) as a result of the individual PAR measurements every 20 cm inside the canopy showed how the reflective mulch influences the light penetration into the different parts of the tree canopy.
关键词： reflective mulch,light reflection,anthocyanin,fruit quality,fruit colour,Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.),LumilysTM,hail net,climate change
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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IPR 1.0: an efficient method for calculating solar radiation absorbed by individual plants in sparse heterogeneous woody plant communities
摘要： Climate change may alter the spatial distribution, composition, structure and functions of plant communities. Transitional zones between biomes, or ecotones, are particularly sensitive to climate change. Ecotones are usually heterogeneous with sparse trees. The dynamics of ecotones are mainly determined by the growth and competition of individual plants in the communities. Therefore it is necessary to calculate the solar radiation absorbed by individual plants in order to understand and predict their responses to climate change. In this study, we developed an individual plant radiation model, IPR (version 1.0), to calculate solar radiation absorbed by individual plants in sparse heterogeneous woody plant communities. The model is developed based on geometrical optical relationships assuming that crowns of woody plants are rectangular boxes with uniform leaf area density. The model calculates the fractions of sunlit and shaded leaf classes and the solar radiation absorbed by each class, including direct radiation from the sun, diffuse radiation from the sky, and scattered radiation from the plant community. The solar radiation received on the ground is also calculated. We tested the model by comparing with the results of random distribution of plants. The tests show that the model results are very close to the averages of the random distributions. This model is ef?cient in computation, and can be included in vegetation models to simulate long-term transient responses of plant communities to climate change. The code and a user’s manual are provided as Supplement of the paper.
关键词： climate change,individual plant radiation model,solar radiation,ecotones,vegetation models,IPR
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Assessing the potential of drone-based thermal infrared imagery for quantifying river temperature heterogeneity
摘要： Climate change is altering river temperature regimes, modifying the dynamics of temperature-sensitive fishes. The ability to map river temperature is therefore important for understanding the impacts of future warming. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing has proven effective for river temperature mapping, but TIR surveys of rivers remain expensive. Recent drone-based TIR systems present a potential solution to this problem. However, information regarding the utility of these miniaturised systems for surveying rivers is limited. Here, we present the results of several drone-based TIR surveys conducted with a view to understanding their suitability for characterising river temperature heterogeneity. We find that drone-based TIR data is able to clearly reveal the location and extent of discrete thermal inputs to rivers, but thermal imagery suffers from temperature drift-induced bias which prevents the extraction of accurate temperature data. Statistical analysis of the causes of this drift reveals that drone flight characteristics and environmental conditions at the time of acquisition explain ~66% of the variance in TIR sensor drift. These results shed important light on the factors influencing drone-based TIR data quality, and suggest that further technological development is required to enable the extraction of robust river temperature data. Nonetheless, this technology represents a promising approach for augmenting in-situ sensor capabilities and improved quantification of advective inputs to rivers at intermediate spatial scales between point measurements and 'conventional' airborne or satellite remote sensing.
关键词： river temperature,thermal infrared,temperature heterogeneity,drones,unoccupied aerial systems,TIR,remote sensing,climate change
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36