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Stable Sn/Pb-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Coherent 2D/3D Interface
摘要： Low-band-gap metal halide perovskite semiconductor based on mixed Sn/Pb is a key component to realize high-ef?ciency tandem perovskite solar cells. However, the mixed perovskites are unstable in air due to the oxidation of Sn2+. To overcome the stability problem, we introduced N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone into the CH3NH3Sn0.5Pb0.5IxCl3-x thin ?lm. The carbonyl group on the molecule interacts with Sn2+/Pb2+ by Lewis acid coordination, forming vertically oriented 2D layered perovskite. The 2D phase is seamlessly connected to the bulk perovskite crystal, with a lattice coherently extending across the two phases. Based on this 2D/3D hybrid structure, we assembled low-band-gap Sn-based perovskite solar cells with power conversion ef?ciency greater than 12%. The best device was among the most stable Sn-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells to date, keeping 90% of its initial performance at ambient condition without encapsulation, and more than 70% under continuous illumination in an N2-?lled glovebox for over 1 month.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,2D/3D interface,stability,Sn/Pb-based,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Solar water splitting over Rh <sub/>0.5</sub> Cr <sub/>1.5</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> -loaded AgTaO <sub/>3</sub> of a valence-band-controlled metal oxide photocatalyst
摘要： Improvement of water splitting performance of AgTaO3 (BG 3.4 eV) of a valence-band-controlled photocatalyst was examined. Survey of cocatalysts revealed that a Rh0.5Cr1.5O3 cocatalyst was much more effective than Cr2O3, RuO2, NiO and Pt for water splitting into H2 and O2 in a stoichiometric amount. The optimum loading amount of the Rh0.5Cr1.5O3 cocatalyst was 0.2 wt%. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) at 340 nm of the optimized Rh0.5Cr1.5O3(0.2 wt%)/AgTaO3 photocatalyst reached to about 40%. Rh0.5Cr1.5O3(0.2 wt%)/AgTaO3 gave a solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency (STH) of 0.13% for photocatalytic water splitting under simulated sunlight irradiation. Bubbles of gasses evolved by the solar water splitting were visually observed under atmospheric pressure at room temperature.
关键词： Rh0.5Cr1.5O3 cocatalyst,valence-band-controlled photocatalyst,solar water splitting,apparent quantum yield,AgTaO3,solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency
更新于2025-11-19 16:51:07
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High lying energy of charge-transfer states and small energetic offsets enabled by fluorinated quinoxaline-based alternating polymer and alkyl-thienyl side-chain modified non-fullerene acceptor
摘要： Significant driving forces are the prerequisite to achieve fast and efficient charge separation in fullerene derivatives-based polymer solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the large driving forces both in photo-induced hole transfer (PHT) and in photo-induced electron transfer (PET) processes lead to significant energy losses, resulting in low open-circuit voltage in the devices. Recent studies indicate the driving forces in non-fullerene acceptors-based devices can be reduced to very low values but still with high PCE and low energy losses. Herein, we report a new donor:acceptor system with high lying energy of charge-transfer excitons (ECT) of 1.50 eV and very small driving forces (PHT of 0.28 eV and PET of 0.11 eV), in which a fluorinated quinoxaline-based alternating polymer (FTQ) and an alkyl-thienyl side-chain modified small molecule (ITIC-Th) are taken as the donor material and non-fullerene acceptor material, respectively. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.19% with maximal external quantum efficiency of 71% are achieved successfully in FTQ:ITIC-Th-based device after appropriate thermal annealing treatment, indicating FTQ can be further applied as donor materials with other highly efficient NF-acceptors to achieve enhanced performances and low energy losses.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,Driving forces,Energy of charge-transfer states,Polymer solar cells
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Thinning ferroelectric films for high-efficiency photovoltaics based on the Schottky barrier effect
摘要： Achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in ferroelectric photovoltaics (PVs) is a longstanding challenge. Although recently ferroelectric thick films, composite films, and bulk crystals have all been demonstrated to exhibit PCEs >1%, these systems still suffer from severe recombination because of the fundamentally low conductivities of ferroelectrics. Further improvement of PCEs may therefore rely on thickness reduction if the reduced recombination could overcompensate for the loss in light absorption. Here, a PCE of up to 2.49% (under 365-nm ultraviolet illumination) was demonstrated in a 12-nm Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) ultrathin film. The strategy to realize such a high PCE consists of reducing the film thickness to be comparable with the depletion width, which can simultaneously suppress recombination and lower the series resistance. The basis of our strategy lies in the fact that the PV effect originates from the interfacial Schottky barriers, which is revealed by measuring and modeling the thickness-dependent PV characteristics. In addition, the Schottky barrier parameters (particularly the depletion width) are evaluated by investigating the thickness-dependent ferroelectric, dielectric and conduction properties. Our study therefore provides an effective strategy to obtain high-efficiency ferroelectric PVs and demonstrates the great potential of ferroelectrics for use in ultrathin-film PV devices.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,Schottky barrier effect,ferroelectric photovoltaics,PZT ultrathin film,depletion width
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Bulk luminescent solar concentrators based on organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite fluorophores
摘要： In this paper, we report characterization and performance results of lead bromide perovskite luminescent solar concentrator. CH3NH3PbBr3 fluorophores are synthesized by sonication method and examined by their X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy. Synthesized perovskite shows excitonic absorption at 524 nm and PL emission peak located at 532 nm with a Stokes shift around 8 nm. Micron-sized fluorophores are dissolved in prepared solutions and uniformly embedded in PMMA host with 0.006–0.120%wt concentration. Then, Fabricated devices are cut into 50 × 30 × 5 mm cuboid shapes and placed in a mirror surrounded configuration with an attached photovoltaic cell. Fabricated device is put under standard AM1.5 illumination and the output spectrum from the concentrator is acquired. Re-absorption in the samples is also measured by variable optical path method, showing red-shifts up to 13 nm in the output spectrum. Spatially resolved photo-luminescence maps and optical efficiencies are also presented for each sample. Plus, a Monte-Carlo ray tracing algorithm is developed to assist better understanding the experimental results. Stability of fabricated samples are evaluated under high intensity UV illumination, reporting efficiency reduction around 15% after 24 h. Finally, Comparing current-voltage characterization of the attached photovoltaic cell reveals optimized efficiency enhancement in the 0.04%wt sample above 65%.
关键词： Perovskites,Monte-Carlo simulation,Re-absorption,Luminescent solar concentrators,Photovoltaic conversion efficiency,Solar cells
更新于2025-11-14 15:30:11
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Au@Ag@Ag2S heterogeneous plasmonic nanorods for enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell performance
摘要： Au@Ag@Ag2S heterogeneous nanorods (NRs) with two strong plasmonic absorptive bands were developed for boosting the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells, and the remarkably enhanced plasmonic devices were achieved. By doping different concentrations of the Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs within the TiO2 photoanode layers, various enhanced effects of the plasmonic devices were obtained. With the incorporation of the typical Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs (their aspect ratios: 2.7) into the TiO2 photoanodes, the top efficiency of 6.51% of the fabricated plasmonic photovoltaic devices at their doped concentrations of the 2.31% was observed, exhibiting dramatic 40% enhancement than that of the conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (bare device: 4.65%). Benefiting from effective surface plasmon effects of the Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs, the light-harvesting abilities of photoanodes and dyes in devices are dramatically enhanced, which in return boost the whole performance of photovoltaic devices significantly.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell,Nanorod,Power conversion efficiency,Plasmonic effect
更新于2025-11-14 15:27:09
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Enabling low voltage losses and high photocurrent in fullerene-free organic photovoltaics
摘要： Despite significant development recently, improving the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is still an ongoing challenge to overcome. One of the prerequisites to achieving this goal is to enable efficient charge separation and small voltage losses at the same time. In this work, a facile synthetic strategy is reported, where optoelectronic properties are delicately tuned by the introduction of electron-deficient-core-based fused structure into non-fullerene acceptors. Both devices exhibited a low voltage loss of 0.57 V and high short-circuit current density of 22.0 mA cm?2, resulting in high power conversion efficiencies of over 13.4%. These unconventional electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene acceptors with near-infrared absorption lead to low non-radiative recombination losses in the resulting organic photovoltaics, contributing to a certified high power conversion efficiency of 12.6%.
关键词： non-fullerene acceptors,power conversion efficiency,voltage losses,charge separation,organic photovoltaics
更新于2025-11-14 15:18:02
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Effect of Thionation on the Performance of PNDIT2-Based Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： All-polymer solar cells have gained traction in recent years with solar cell performance of over 11% power conversion efficiency (PCE) recently demonstrated. The n-type polymer PNDIT2, also known as N2200 or P(NDI2OD-T2), has been extensively used for both photovoltaic as well as field-effect transistor applications. When paired with donor materials that have appropriately aligned energy-levels, PNDIT2 has exhibited device efficiencies over 10% PCE, and organic field effect transistors fabricated with PNDIT2 exhibit mobilities over 1 cm2/Vs. Thionation of the NDI moiety, which is the substitution of imide oxygen with sulfur atoms, has been shown to improve the field-effect transistor performance of NDI-based small molecules. Applying this strategy to PNDIT2, we explored the effect that thionation, in a 2S-trans configuration, has on the performance of all-polymer solar cells fabricated with the donor polymer PTB7-Th. Solar cells were fabricated with the original polymer, PNDIT2, as a reference, and an optimized efficiency of 4.85% was achieved. As samples with 100% conversion to 2S-trans configuration could not be produced due to synthetic limitations, batches with increasing ratios of 1S to 2S-trans thionation (15:85, 7:93, and 5:95) were studied. Devices with thionated PNDIT2 exhibited a systematic lowering of photovoltaic parameters with increasing thionation, resulting in device efficiencies of just 0.84%, 0.62%, and 0.42% PCE. The lower performance of the thionated blends is attributed to poor π-π stacking order in the thionated PNDIT2 phase, resulting in lower electron mobilities and finer phase separation. Evidence in support of this conclusion is provided by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence quenching, transient photocurrent analysis, and SCLC measurements.
关键词： π-π stacking,PNDIT2,Thionation,All-polymer solar cells,Power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Fabrication of bilayered attapulgite for solar steam generation with high conversion efficiency
摘要： Solar steam generation has been attracting wide attention for boosting the evolution of solar-energy-harvesting technology. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a novel bilayer photothermal material based on attapulgite/poly acrylamide composite (APAC), which was prepared by the solution polymerization of acrylamide (AM) in the presence of attapulgite using N, N’ - Methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker, for efficient solar steam generation. The APAC shows better thermal stability with a decomposition temperature of 250 oC, good mechanical property with a compress strength of up to 125 KPa at 75% strain and a low apparent density (0.0191 g·cm-3) with abundant porosity accompanying with a low thermal conductivity (0.07 W m-1 K-1). To enhance the light absorption of APAC, a thin carbon layer was created on the surface of APAC via a facile flame treatment. Under our conditions, the bilayered APAC shows a high vapor rate of 1.2 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun illumination, equal to 85% solar-to-vapor efficiency. With the merits of cost-efficient, scalable manufacture, high solar energy conversion efficiency, the APAC may hold the great potential as high-performance photothermal materials for solar energy generation.
关键词： conversion efficiency,Solar steam generation,attapulgite,bilayer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Pressure dependence of high order harmonic generation in nitrogen molecular gas and atmospheric air
摘要： The effect of the variation of the gas pressure on the high harmonic generation (HHG) from nitrogen molecular gas (N2) and atmospheric air with ultrashort intense laser pulses is measured. The optimum pressure in the interaction region of a gas jet for maximizing the HHG yield is determined for both gases. Enhancement of the HHG output and its extension to higher harmonic orders are observed around the optimum pressure value of 0.33 bar. Theoretical calculations based on one-dimensional models explain this effect and provide reasonable agreement with experimental results.
关键词： Femtosecond laser,Conversion efficiency,High-order harmonic generation (HHG),Phase matching,XUV radiation,Pressure optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52